Analysis of Factors Affecting on Risk Management of Wheat Production Among Wheat Farmers (Razavieh Region, Khorasan-E-Razavi Province, Iran)

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the Factors Affecting on risk management in wheat production among farmers of Razavieh region (Khorasan-E-Razavi province, Iran). Statistical population of the study was 1520 farmers that they had water cultivation. By using of stratified proportional random sampling 156 respondents were selected from 8 villages. For the calculation of the risk-aversion coefficient degree among farmers, the Safety First Rule model was used. The findings revealed that the dominant respondents (65%) were risk-averse. The results of exploratory factorial analysis showed that five factors determined about 74.267 % from total variance for wheat farmers' risk management that consist of: economy & marketing management factor, planting management factor, harvest management factor, infrastructure management of farming and risk-sharing management factor. From among of the above mentioned factors, the most important factor of risk management in study region was factor of economy & marketing management.Wheat farmers, Risk-aversion, Risk management, Drought, Agricultural extension, Farm Management, Risk and Uncertainty, GA, IN,

On the structure of graded 33-Lie-Rinehart algebras

We study the structure of a graded $3$-Lie-Rinehart algebra $\mathcal{L}$ over an associative and commutative graded algebra $A.$ For $G$ an abelian group, we show that if $(L, A)$ is a tight $G$-graded 3-Lie-Rinehart algebra, then $\mathcal{L}$ and $A$ decompose as $\mathcal{L} =\bigoplus_{i\in I}\mathcal{L}_i$ and $A =\bigoplus_{j\in J}A_j,$ where any $\mathcal{L}_i$ is a non-zero graded ideal of $\mathcal{L}$ satisfying $[\mathcal{L}_{i_1}, \mathcal{L}_{i_2}, \mathcal{L}_{i_3}]=0$ for any $i_1, i_2, i_3\in I$ different from each other, and any $A_j$ is a non-zero graded ideal of $A$ satisfying $A_j A_l=0$ for any $l, j\in J$ such that $j\neq l,$ and both decompositions satisfy that for any $i\in I$ there exists a unique $j\in J$ such that $A_j \mathcal{L}_i\neq 0.$ Furthermore, any $(\mathcal{L}_i, A_j)$ is a graded 3-Lie-Rinehart algebra. Also, under certain conditions, it is shown that the above decompositions of $\mathcal{L}$ and $A$ are by means of the family of their, respective, graded simple ideals.Comment: 27 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2108.03604. substantial text overlap with arXiv:2202.12982, arXiv:1706.07084, arXiv:1904.11821 by other author

Double derivations of n−n-Hom-Lie color algebras

We study the double derivation algebra \dd(\LL) of $n-$Hom Lie color algebra \LL and describe the relation between \dd(\LL) and the usual derivation Hom-Lie color algebra Der(\LL). We prove that the inner derivation algebra Inn(\LL) is an ideal of the double derivation algebra \dd(\LL). We also show that if \LL is a perfect $n-$Hom Lie color algebra with certain constraints on the base field, then the centralizer of Inn(\LL) in \dd(\LL) is trivial. In addition, we obtain that for every centerless perfect $n-$Hom Lie color algebra \LL, the triple derivations of the derivation algebra Der(\LL) are exactly the derivations of Der(\LL).Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1912.10216 by other author

Universal central extension of direct limits of Hom-Lie algebras

summary:We prove that the universal central extension of a direct limit of perfect Hom-Lie algebras $(\mathcal {L}_i, \alpha _{\mathcal {L}_i})$ is (isomorphic to) the direct limit of universal central extensions of $(\mathcal {L}_i, \alpha _{\mathcal {L}_i})$. As an application we provide the universal central extensions of some multiplicative Hom-Lie algebras. More precisely, we consider a family of multiplicative Hom-Lie algebras $\{({\rm sl}_{k}(å), \alpha _k)\}_{k\in I}$ and describe the universal central extension of its direct limit

Line × tester analysis in rapeseed: Identification of superior parents and combinations for seed yield and its components

This research was carried out to investigate the genetic structure of the 20 F1s rapeseed hybrids established from five female moderate maturity lines and four early maturity male testers, to determine parents showing general combining ability (GCA) and detect crosses showing specific combining ability (SCA). Significant variance of parents and crosses for all the traits indicated the existence of significant genetic variation among the parents and their F1 cross combinations. Significant variance of parents vs. crosses revealed significant average heterosis for all the traits except first pod height and seeds per pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for number of branches and pods length, indicate the importance of additive genetic effects for these traits. Hybrid performance was generally better than parental performance for all the traits except number of branches and also the genetic variation of lines × testers for all the traits were more than lines and testers. Most of the crosses with high mean value of pods per plant were yielded from the parental lines with high mean value of this trait. The crosses including L41×Foma2, Zafar×R42 and L22B×R38 with significant positive SCA effects of seed yield had also high mean values (3400, 3311.3 and 2904.2 kg ha-1 , respectively) of this trait

Sustainable Development and Migration in Iranian Frontier Counties

The socio-economic changes of recent decades in Iran, accompanied by the lack of regional balance and over-concentration of facilities in some areas, have caused regional inequality in Iranian society and determined the direction of migration flows. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between four dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, physical-access and environmental) in the border counties of Iran and the net migration in these areas. This study used the data of general population and housing censuses, and other related findings to measure sustainability and net migration. The findings of this study show that the general status of social, economic and especially environmental indicators in Iranian border counties is not good. Also, most of the indicators – except for social – are in a poor condition in the southern counties, especially those in southeast, south, and southwest of Iran. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between economic sustainability and migration. In general, southeastern, western and southwestern border regions of Iran have poor conditions in terms of both sustainable development indicators and negative migration rate

The Evaluation of Temporary Shelter Areas Locations Using Geographic Information System and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Earthquakes are notorious as devastating natural disasters that can result in tragic fatalities and economic loss. The building of earthquake evacuation shelters is an effective way to reduce earthquake consequences and protect lives. In present study, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied as a multiple criteria of decision making (MCDM) method to investigate different shelter sites that belong to a disaster-prone area of the north of Iran. The principles of vulnerable areas, access to roads, firefighting centers, populated areas, fault lines, and medical centers were considered to determine optimal temporary shelter areas locations. With the support of a geographic information system (GIS), the method comprised three steps, i.e. selecting candidate shelters, analyzing the spatial coverage of the shelters, and determining the shelter locations. Finally, a case study was used to demonstrate the application of the multi-criteria model and the corresponding solution method and their effectiveness in planning urban earthquake evacuation shelters. It was found that the “distance from fault line” criterion of 0.429 could be the most effective factor along the others

Sustainable Development and Migration in Iranian Frontier Counties

The socio-economic changes of recent decades in Iran, accompanied by the lack of regional balance and over-concentration of facilities in some areas, have caused regional inequality in Iranian society and determined the direction of migration flows. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between four dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, physical-access and environmental) in the border counties of Iran and the net migration in these areas. This study used the data of general population and housing censuses, and other related findings to measure sustainability and net migration. The findings of this study show that the general status of social, economic and especially environmental indicators in Iranian border counties is not good. Also, most of the indicators – except for social – are in a poor condition in the southern counties, especially those in southeast, south, and southwest of Iran. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between economic sustainability and migration. In general, southeastern, western and southwestern border regions of Iran have poor conditions in terms of both sustainable development indicators and negative migration rate

Effect of glibenclamide on antinociceptive effects of antidepressants of different classes

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to determine whether the intraperitoneal administration of glibenclamide as a K ATP channel blocker could have an effect on the antinociceptive effects of antidepressants with different mechanisms of action. METHODS: Three antidepressant drugs, amitriptyline as a dual-action, nonselective inhibitor of noradrenaline and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluvoxamine as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and maprotiline as a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, were selected, and the effect of glibenclamide on their antinociceptive activities was assessed in male Swiss mice (25-30 g) using a formalin test. DISCUSSION: None of the drugs affected acute nociceptive responses during the first phase. Amitriptyline (5, 10 mg/ kg), maprotiline (10, 20 mg/kg) and fluvoxamine (20 and 30 mg/kg) effectively inhibited pain induction caused by the second phase of the formalin test. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) alone did not alter licking behaviors based on a comparison with the control group. However, the pretreatment of animals with glibenclamide (10 and 15 mg/kg) partially reversed the antinociceptive effects of fluvoxamine but not those of maprotiline. In addition, the highest dose of glibenclamide (15 mg/kg) partially prevented the analgesic effect of amitriptyline. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it seems that adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels have a major role in the analgesic activity of amitriptyline and fluvoxamine