Intégration des techniques de débroussaillement dans l'aménagement de défense de la forêt contre les incendies.

Les efficacités et les contraintes de mise en uvre du débroussaillement manuel, du débroussaillement mécanique, de l'emploi de phytocides, de la conduite du brûlage dirigé, du pâturage contrôlé et du dessouchage sont décrites, technique par technique dans une première partie, les avantages qui peuvent être tirés de la combinaison, d'au moins deux techniques sont illustrés à partir d'exemples d'ores et déjà testés. L'intérêt de telles combinaisons pour l'entretien à long terme des coupures de combustible est souligné

Impact of the 26-30 May 2003 solar events on the earth ionosphere and thermosphere.

During the last week of May 2003, the solar active region AR 10365 produced a large number of flares, several of which were accompanied by Coronal Mass Ejections (CME). Specifically on 27 and 28 May three halo CMEs were observed which had a significant impact on geospace. On 29 May, upon their arrival at the L1 point, in front of the Earth's magnetosphere, two interplanetary shocks and two additional solar wind pressure pulses were recorded by the ACE spacecraft. The interplanetary magnetic field data showed the clear signature of a magnetic cloud passing ACE. In the wake of the successive increases in solar wind pressure, the magnetosphere became strongly compressed and the sub-solar magnetopause moved inside five Earth radii. At low altitudes the increased energy input to the magnetosphere was responsible for a substantial enhancement of Region-1 field-aligned currents. The ionospheric Hall currents also intensified and the entire high-latitude current system moved equatorward by about 10°. Several substorms occurred during this period, some of them - but not all - apparently triggered by the solar wind pressure pulses. The storm's most notable consequences on geospace, including space weather effects, were (1) the expansion of the auroral oval, and aurorae seen at mid latitudes, (2) the significant modification of the total electron content in the sunlight high-latitude ionosphere, (3) the perturbation of radio-wave propagation manifested by HF blackouts and increased GPS signal scintillation, and (4) the heating of the thermosphere, causing increased satellite drag. We discuss the reasons why the May 2003 storm is less intense than the October-November 2003 storms, although several indicators reach similar intensities

Exploring the role of wave drag in the stable stratified oceanic and atmospheric bottom boundary layer in the cnrs-toulouse (cnrm-game) large stratified water flume

This paper reports on a laboratory experiment in the CNRM-GAME (Toulouse) stratified water flume of a stably stratified boundary layer, in order to quantify the momentum transfer due to orographically induced gravity waves by gently undulating hills in a boundary layer flow. In a stratified fluid, a surface corrugation is towed with different speeds to cover a range of Froude numbers. PIV measurements are used to quantify the flow field which is divided in a mean flow, a wave component and turbulent component. In addition wave drag divergence over the boundary layer is investigated. The experimental results aim to improve formulations for turbulent heat and momentum transfer for use in numerical weather prediction, climate models and ocean model

derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio dnlr change between baseline and cycle 2 is correlated with benefit during immune checkpoint inhibitors ici in advanced non small cell lung cancer nsclc patients

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Variable-resolution Compression of Vector Data

The compression of spatial data is a promising solution to reduce the space of data storage and to decrease the transmission time of spatial data over the Internet. This paper proposes a new method for variable-resolution compression of vector data. Three key steps are encompassed in the proposed method, namely, the simplification of vector data via the elimination of vertices, the compression of removed vertices, and the decoding of the compressed vector data. The proposed compression method was implemented and applied to compress vector data to investigate its performance in terms of the compression ratio, distortions of geometric shapes. The results show that the proposed method provides a feasible and efficient solution for the compression of vector data, is able to achieve good compression ratios and maintains the main shape characteristics of the spatial objects within the compressed vector data

Editorial

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Notions générales relatives à la combustion et les types de feux contrôlés

International audienc