Lugar, região, nação, mundo: explorações históricas do debate acerca das escalas da ação política

A partir de uma revisão teórica da noção de escala e de uma recuperação do debate socialista no século XIX a respeito de nacionalismo e internacionalismo, o artigo pretende lançar um novo olhar sobre a discussão contemporânea acerca da escala pertinente da ação política e do planejamento. Rejeitando a possibilidade de que qualquer estratégia efetivamente transformadora se inscreva numa única e privilegiada escala – local, regional, nacional ou global –, a conclusão sugere que o poder, mais do que nunca, não está nem no local nem no regional, nem no nacional nem no global… mas na capacidade de articular escalas, de analisar e intervir de modo transescalar.

Planejamento territorial e projeto nacional: os desafios da fragmentação

A história recente do planejamento territorial no Brasil poderia ser narrada como uma trajetória continuada, embora não linear, de desconstituição – política, intelectual e institucional. Este processo é resultado e fator de aceleração do processo de fragmentação territorial que desafia todos os que se preocupam com a necessidade de um projeto nacional digno desta abrangência. O presente trabalho busca identificar e analisar os principais vetores do processo de fragmentação, a saber: grandes projetos de investimento (GPIs), neo-localismo competitivo e o velho regionalismo, com suas redes de clientela-patronagem. Em seguida, são examinados rapidamente os referentes teórico-conceituais dos GPIs e, em particular, do neo-localismo competitivo, que constitui hoje a principal receita distribuída aos países periféricos e dependentes por agências multilaterais e consultores internacionais. Ao final, busca-se explorar em que medida estariam emergindo no processo social contemporâneo tendências e forças capazes de neutralizarem os vetores da fragmentação e conduzirem um projeto nacional, no qual, necessariamente, o planejamento territorial deverá ocupar lugar central.

Primordial black hole constraints in cosmologies with early matter domination

Moduli fields, a natural prediction of any supergravity and superstring-inspired supersymmetry theory, may lead to a prolonged period of matter domination in the early Universe. This can be observationally viable provided the moduli decay early enough to avoid harming nucleosynthesis. If primordial black holes form, they would be expected to do so before or during this matter dominated era. We examine the extent to which the standard primordial black hole constraints are weakened in such a cosmology. Permitted mass fractions of black holes at formation are of order $10^{-8}$, rather than the usual $10^{-20}$ or so. If the black holes form from density perturbations with a power-law spectrum, its spectral index is limited to $n \lesssim 1.3$, rather than the $n \lesssim 1.25$ obtained in the standard cosmology.Comment: 7 pages RevTeX file with four figures incorporated (uses RevTeX and epsf). Also available by e-mailing ARL, or by WWW at http://star-www.maps.susx.ac.uk/papers/infcos_papers.htm

Supersymmetry and primordial black hole abundance constraints

We study the consequences of supersymmetry for primordial black hole (PBH) abundance constraints. PBHs with mass less than about 10^{11}g will emit supersymmetric particles when they evaporate. In most models of supersymmetry the lightest of these particles, the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), is stable and will hence survive to the present day. We calculate the limit on the initial abundance of PBHs from the requirement that the present day LSP density is less than the critical density. We apply this limit, along with those previously obtained from the effects of PBH evaporation on nucleosynthesis and the present day density of PBHs, to PBHs formed from the collpase of inflationary density perturbations, in the context of supersymmetric inflation models. If the reheat temperature after inflation is low, so as to avoid the overproduction of gravitinos and moduli, then the lightest PBHs which are produced in significant numbers will be evaporating around the present day and there are therefore no constraints from the effects of the evaporation products on nucleosynthesis or from the production of LSPs. We then examine models with a high reheat temperature and a subsequent period of thermal inflation. In these models avoiding the overproduction of LSPs limits the abundance of low mass PBHs which were previously unconstrained. Throughout we incorporate the production, at fixed time, of PBHs with a range of masses, which occurs when critical collapse is taken into account.Comment: 8 pages RevTeX file with 3 figures incorporated (uses RevTeX and epsf). Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D: minor change to calculation and added discussio

Urban utopias and the democratic challenge

The aknowledgment that urban poverty is increasing, including in the heart of our metropolitan regions, the recent approval of the Statute of the City, the new Ministery of the Cities, the 2.500 delegates coming from about 3.500 municipalities who met in the Congress of the Cities, all these events create an ambiance which favours a systematic and in depth discussion of the causes of our urban inequalities and poverty, and the means to overcome this situation.O reconhecimento de que a pobreza urbana cresce e se instaura no coração mesmo das metrópoles, a recente aprovação do Estatuto da Cidade, a criação do Ministério das Cidades, o crescimento dos movimentos dos sem-terra e de suas lutas, o Congresso das Cidades reunindo 2.500 delegados vindos de cerca de 3.500 municípios, tudo concorre para que se possa enfrentar uma discussão sistemática e aprofundada das causas de nossa miséria e desigualdade urbanas e, evidentemente, dos meios e caminhos para superá-las

O plano diretor como instrumento de um pacto social urbano

Taking the Northeastian case as benchmark, the studies on brazilian regjonalism highlight In general the conservative character of the political mouvements and actors who rely on spatial cathegories to build on their own identities, discourses and demands. This diagnosis falls short of understanding recent current expressions of brazilian regionalism. Focusing more specifically on social mouvements classifiable as (neo)regionalist manifestations, this works seeks to: (a) revisit briefly traditional regionalist mouvements; (b) question the basis for the emergence of such new mouvements; (c) compare and interprete schematically the differents forms of regionalism in Brazil.Taking the Northeastian case as benchmark, the studies on brazilian regjonalism highlight In general the conservative character of the political mouvements and actors who rely on spatial cathegories to build on their own identities, discourses and demands. This diagnosis falls short of understanding recent current expressions of brazilian regionalism. Focusing more specifically on social mouvements classifiable as (neo)regionalist manifestations, this works seeks to: (a) revisit briefly traditional regionalist mouvements; (b) question the basis for the emergence of such new mouvements; (c) compare and interprete schematically the differents forms of regionalism in Brazil