168 research outputs found
The Study of Anisotropy and Domain Condition of Permalloy Thin Films
Hysteretic Loops, 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6 and 10 nm in thickness, obtained by magnetron sputtering of Ni81Fe19 alloy, were measured by means of vibration magnetometer. It has been detected that by increasing the film thickness from 3 to 10 nm coercive force (HC) increases as well. In the direction perpendicular to the axis of easy magnetization the loop form considerably differs from the right-angled one, which is caused by amplitude dispersion of anisotropy. The films, derived in scattered magnetic field of the Earth, are by magnetic parameter isotropic. The results of atomic force microscope investigation indicate to the granular structure of films and confirms the presence of non-magnetized areas among the examined films. The critical thickness at which permalloy films pass from multi-domain to single-domain state was 10 nm. Estimation of the critical thickness of the transition from single-domain state to superparamagnetic led to the values of 1.5-2 nm.
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Π₯ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ (Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ)
Background. Neonatal sepsis presents one of the current issues in modern pediatrics. The orthopedic outcomes of such a state and the possibility of treatment, in particular by surgical spinal reconstruction, are rarely analyzed. Objective. To analyze pathology features and treatment outcomes in infants with vertebral complications resulted from neonatal sepsis.Material and Methods. The analysis of observation and treatment of 15 infants, who have undergone neonatal sepsis which led to vertebral lesion with subsequent gross kyphotic deformity formation, is presented.Results. Average age of infants was 2.5 months when spinal pathology was diagnosed. In 7 of the 15 observations, a local angular kyphosis was revealed when the acute phase of disease was already passed (βcuredβ). The thoracic vertebrae were most often affected, mainly Th 7-8 vertebral bodies. Average kyphosis was 53Β°. All infants were operated on during the period from 2006 to 2017. Each had two-stage spinal reconstruction including the anterior spinal fusion using a titanium mesh cage filled with bone autografts, or an autogenous bone graft only. At the second stage, the instrumental correction and fixation of the spine with a multi-support laminar structure were performed. Average age of patients at the time of surgery was 14 months. Average value of kyphosis correction was 27Β°. Further correction and anterior spinal fusion were achieved when performing the incorporation of a titanium mesh cage with bone autografts. The histological and bacteriological examination of the surgical material did not reveal any signs of infection or inflammation. Correction of deformity and restoration of the supporting strength of anterior vertebral column as a result of surgery were achieved in all cases. Various complications in the early and late followup period were reported in a total of 7 cases. Repeated interventions were required in two patients: in one case in the early period (dislocation of the structure supporting hook) and in one case in the long-term period (graft resorption and kyphotic deformity relapse).Conclusion. One of the complications of neonatal sepsis is severe multilevel thoracic spondylitis, the outcome of which is the formation of severe kyphosis against the background of subtotal bone vertebral destruction. The principal possibility of radical spine reconstruction in infants with achievement of good anatomical and functional results is shown.Β ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 15 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 2,5 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. Π 7 ΠΈΠ· 15 Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ· Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Th7-8. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 53Β°. ΠΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ 2006 ΠΏΠΎ2017 Π³. Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 14 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ·Π° β 27Β°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π·Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² 7 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²: Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ (Π²ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ β Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ (ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
β ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°.
Gold Determination Problem in Barium Production Waste
The most common method for gold content determination in raw materials is fire assay. An alternative to this method is atomic absorption in a solution obtained by dissolving an initial sample in aqua regia. This study focuses on the sludge of one of the chemical plants, in which the barite concentrate (barium in sulphate form) is fused with calcium chloride at coal presence, and then leached in water. Decomposition of samples in aqua regia followed by atomic absorption analysis, as well as fire assay, showed gold content in the sludge at the level of 1-4 gram per ton. The presence of infusible and chemically resistant compounds in the sludge does not allow to the reliable determination of the gold content. Sintering with sodium peroxide for decomposition of stable compounds at 700 β C, dissolution of sinter in acidic solution, evaporation and fire assay of residue made it possible to establish a reliable concentration of gold in the sludge - 10-20 gram per ton. It was found that a direct determination of gold in acidic sinter leach solution provides inadequate values associated with the influence of the background.
Keywords: Gold determination, barium sludge, fire assay, atomic absorptio
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
The objective of this paper is the construction and analysis of the model of the wireless LTE network (Long Term Evolution) as a multiserver queuing system where losses are caused by a lack of resources required to service requests. Adopted by the service application takes a random amount of resources given to several types of distribution functions. Random vectors describing the requirements of applications to resources, processes do not depend on input ο¬ow and service distribution are jointly independent and identically distributed. L independent Poisson ο¬ows of requests enter the system, and there are N identical devices. Service times are distributed exponentially. The functioning of the system is described by the semi-Markov process, which takes into account the number of serviced requests, their types and amounts of resources they occupy. Explicit expressions for the stationary distribution of the semi-Markov process, and the theorem on product form solution are main results of the paper. Further studies suggest checking the hypothesis of invariance with respect to the form of the stationary distribution of the distribution of the service time and the development of numerical methods for the analysis of probability measures of the system.ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ LTE (Long Term Evolution) Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π‘ΠΠ) Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ L Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ N ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ. Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΠ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
ARC discharge in a cross flow of gas
The experimental study of nonequilibrium air plasma flow of atmospheric pressure in the transverse arc discharge of high voltage is conducted. The high non-izothemality in the air plasma during its space evolution is shown in dependence on the gas flow rate and discharge energy deposition with a detailed emission spectroscopic diagnostics of excited atoms, molecules and radicals along the plasma jet.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈ. Π Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΡΠ° Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄
Rephasing Invariants of CP and T Violation in the Four-Neutrino Mixing Models
We calculate the rephasing invariants of CP and T violation in a favorable
parametrization of the 4x4 lepton flavor mixing matrix. Their relations with
the CP- and T-violating asymmetries in neutrino oscillations are derived, and
the matter effects are briefly discussed.Comment: RevTex 9 pages. Slight changes. Phys. Rev. D (in press
Π§ΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π―ΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠΠΠ (DALY) Π Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ¬Π’ΠΠ’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π’ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π 2012 Π.
Aim: to calculate the index of years of life lost population due to premature death in the Tomsk region in 2012, and the contribution of various groups of diseases in the total indicator DALY among males and females. Β Materials and methods: in the calculation of DALY used the number and the gender and age structure of the population of Tomsk region by 01.01.2012, according to Rosstat. To conduct the calculation of DALY used the methodology presented by the world Bank in the report Β«Investing in healthΒ» in 1993 According to the methodology, the DALY is the number of years of life of the population, lived with disability or other health problems, and lost due to premature death. Results: the total loss of DALYs in the Tomsk region by the end of 2012 amounted 112,3, per 1000 population (11,6Β±8,9). In the structure of DALYs by cause of death 1st place is occupied by diseases of the circulatory system, 2nd injury and poisoning, 3rd neoplasms. Conclusions: the indicator DALY in the Tomsk region are significantly lower than the Russian Federation as a whole (according to S.A. Leonov - 1.25 times, according to G. Yang - 2 times). The relatively low level of DALYs in the Tomsk region is associated with favourable compared with other regions of the age structure (younger populations). It should also be noted that more than 70% of population live in urban areas, where, as is known, the availability of medical care are higher than in rural.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π² Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π». Π² 2012Β Π³. ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ DALY ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°. Β ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ DALY ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π». ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 01.01.2012 Π³., ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° DALY ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Β» Π² 1993 Π³. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, DALY ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ DALY Π² Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π». ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ 2012 Π³. ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 112,3 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° 1000 Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (11,6Β±8,9). Π ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ DALY ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 1-Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, 2-Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, 3-Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ DALY Π² Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π». Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π‘.Π.Β ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° β Π² 1,25 ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ G.Β Yang β Π² 2Β ΡΠ°Π·Π°). ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ DALY Π² Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π». ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 70% Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π³Π΄Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ.
Conversion of ethanol in dynamic plasma-liquid system
Experimental and theoretical research of the process of low-temperature transformations of mixture ethanol/water in
nonequilibrium plasma of the electric discharge in gas channel with fluid wall was carrying out. The gas channel in
liquids was created by two counter airstreams in liquids and vapor of the liquids. The gas chromatography and massspectrometric
techniques for investigation of stable gas-phase conversion products were used. The power inputs on
conversion of mixture in synthesis β gas were measured. The values of efficiency, coefficient of energy transformation,
specific energy requirement of system were calculated. Experimental results indicate the possibility and efficiency of
plasmachemical conversions of ethanol in syntheses-gas in such plasma-liquid system of the atmospheric pressure.ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ
ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»/Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ Π· ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡ. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π» Π² ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π²ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π·ΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π³Π°Π·. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ,
ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·-Π³Π°Π· Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»/Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π΅ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π» Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·-
Π³Π°Π·. Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·-Π³Π°Π· Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
High Energy Neutrino Signals of Four Neutrino Mixing
We evaluate the upward shower and muon event rates for two characteristic
four neutrino mixing models for extragalactic neutrinos, as well as for the
atmospheric neutrinos, with energy thresholds of 1 TeV, 10 TeV and 100 TeV. We
show that by comparing the shower to muon event rates, one can distinguish
between oscillation and no-oscillation models. By measuring shower and muon
event rates for energy thresholds of 10 TeV and 100 TeV, and by considering
their ratio, it is possible to use extragalactic neutrino sources to determine
the type of four-flavor mixing pattern. We find that one to ten years of data
taking with kilometer-size detector has a very good chance of providing
valuable information about the physics beyond the Standard Model.Comment: version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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