Developing master's students scientific communication skills in the Russian and English languages: model, content, experiment

The article considers the problem of forming and developing master’s students scientific communication skills in the Russian and foreign languages. The authors focus on the culture of written scientific speech, performing accumulative and transmitting functions, which is complex, but is especially important for cultivating and developing learners’ personality. The topicality of forming and enhancing genre competence as an important component of professional communicative competence is emphasized in the article. The authors propose courses for students in order to develop the competences at master level. The courses “Scientific Speech for postgraduate students” in Russian and “Foreign language (English)” are designed in accordance with learners’ communicative and activity needs and the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. The principles being methodological basis of the course are described. The content and topics to study in the framework of the courses are given in detail. The methodology used involves the use of typological models of scientific genres and Intergenre Model of Scientific Text that includes invariant and universal components corresponding to the stages of communicative and cognitive activity of a scientist: case - problem - idea - hypothesis - argument - conclusion. The results of an experimental course teaching are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is confirmed

Study of Antibiotic Resistance of the Oropharyngeal Hemolytic Microflora in Preschool Children

It is impossible to imagine modern medical practice without antibiotic therapy. However, the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry expands free access of the population to antibacterial drugs. At the same time, the illiteracy of people with respect to the principles of rational antibiotic therapy also increases. The problem of microbial resistance to antibacterial drugs remains relevant to this day. Special attention should be paid to rational antibiotic therapy applied to children.The purpose of this work was to study the resistance of hemolytic microorganisms, which are often the cause of upper respiratory infection in preschool children, to the main antibacterial drugs used in pediatric practice. The results of this scientific research can be advisory and useful to pediatricians and other specialists whose professional activities are related to children’s health. Keywords: hemolytic active microorganisms, bacterial carriage, antibiotic resistance, children’s healt

Escrow Contract as a New Way to Ensure Obligations

The issues of regulation by the Russian legislation of escrow relations, their essence, foreign practice in the field of escrow relations are considered, the priority areas of their distribution in the Russian Federation are defined. A distinction has been made between the concepts of an escrow contract and an escrow account contract, and their differences have been determined both from each other and from existing and widespread relations in the Russian practice. The current legislation and the adopted amendments to the Civil Code governing the escrow contract as a separate civil law instrument are analyzed. The authors come to the conclusion that civil law presented a truncated version of the construction of an escrow invoice agreement, in contrast to the agreement that has become widespread in world practice (a limited list of property and escrow agents). contract, and their differences have been determined both from each other and from existing and widespread relations in the Russian practice. The current legislation and the adopted amendments to the Civil Code governing the escrow contract as a separate civil law instrument are analyzed. The authors come to the conclusion that civil law presented a truncated version of the construction of an escrow invoice agreement, in contrast to the agreement that has become widespread in world practice (a limited list of property and escrow agents)

THE STATE OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF THE WOMEN UNDERGOING THE PROCEDURE OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION

The antioxidant system activity was studied in 74 patients undergoing infertility treatment by the vitro fertilization, depending on the effectiveness of the procedure

LIPID PEROXIDATION PARAMETERS IN BLOOD SERUM AND FOLLICILE LIQUID OF INFERTILE PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT IVF RESULTS

The article presents the results of investigation of lipid peroxidation parameters in blood serum and follicile liquid of 78 patients with different IVF results. The increase of lipid peroxidation, products is shown in women with unsuccessful IVF procedure

Сytokine markers for different variants of sclerotic lichen in women

Our work was aimed for studying the role of systemic of IL-23 and IL-20 levels in different clinical variants of sclerotic lichen in women. The study was based on results of clinical data (anamnesis, examination, palpation, vulvoscopy) and immunological studies (determination of IL-20 and IL-23 cytokines in peripheral blood) in the patients with sclerotic lichen (114 patients aged 42.5±15.1 years). Group I included patients with atrophic variant of sclerotic lichen (n = 58); group II, with sclerotic variant of sclerotic lichen (n = 34). Group III included women with a sclero-atrophic variant of this disorder (n = 22). The control group consisted of conditionally healthy women without present, or previously documented vulvar pathology (30 persons). Criteria for inclusion were as follows: women 20 to 60 years old, the presence of a benign vulvar disease, absence of treatment with immunotropic drugs over past year. Exclusion criteria: presence of viral infection (HPV, HSV), detection of STI, presence of acute inflammatory process (including vulvitis and vaginitis), cancer diagnosis, symptoms of autoimmune disorders, pregnancy, and the patient’s reluctance to participate in the study.Predominant increase of IL-23 was revealed in all clinical groups of the examined patients, the most pronounced increase (2.7 times) was in severe sclerotic lichen (p < 0.0001). IL-23 concentration in the 2nd clinical group corresponded to the reference age-matched values. There was a significant increase in the blood content of IL-20 in subgroup 2.2 of the patients with sclerotic lichen (p < 0.0001), as well as in patients from group 3 with a mixed clinical course of its disorder (p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the absence of pronounced vulvar tissue sclerosis in sclerotic variant of sclerotic lichen (subgroup 2.1) was accompanied only by a tendency for increased IL-20 concentration (p = 0.502), and only a trend for decrease in atrophic variant of sclerotic lichen (p = 0.288). In general, analysis of these data presumes a significant role of IL-20 and IL-23 in pathogenesis of sclerotic lichen in women. The cytokine assays in various clinical variants of this vulvar disorder may provide additional differential diagnostics (IL-20), and to assess severity of atrophic and sclerotic changes in vulvar tissues (IL-23) in women with sclerotic lichen

Optical pump–terahertz probe study of HR GaAs:Cr and SI GaAs:El2 structures with long charge carrier lifetimes

The time dynamics of nonequilibrium charge carrier relaxation processes in SI GaAs:EL2 (semi-insulating gallium arsenide compensated with EL2 centers) and HR GaAs:Cr (high-resistive gallium arsenide compensated with chromium) were studied by the optical pump–terahertz probe technique. Charge carrier lifetimes and contributions from various recombination mechanisms were determined at different injection levels using the model, which takes into account the influence of surface and volume Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination, interband radiative transitions and interband and trap-assisted Auger recombination. It was found that, in most cases for HR GaAs:Cr and SI GaAs:EL2, Auger recombination mechanisms make the largest contribution to the recombination rate of nonequilibrium charge carriers at injection levels above ~(0.5–3)·1018 cm−3, typical of pump–probe experiments. At a lower photogenerated charge carrier concentration, the SRH recombination prevails. The derived charge carrier lifetimes, due to the SRH recombination, are approximately 1.5 and 25 ns in HR GaAs:Cr and SI GaAs:EL2, respectively. These values are closer to but still lower than the values determined by photoluminescence decay or charge collection efficiency measurements at low injection levels. The obtained results indicate the importance of a proper experimental data analysis when applying terahertz time-resolved spectroscopy to the determination of charge carrier lifetimes in semiconductor crystals intended for the fabrication of devices working at lower injection levels than those at measurements by the optical pump–terahertz probe technique. It was found that the charge carrier lifetime in HR GaAs:Cr is lower than that in SI GaAs:EL2 at injection levels > 1016 cm−3.В ст. ошибочно: Irina A. Kolesnikov

Topical issues of vaccination and epidemiological surveillance over measles and rubella in Ukraine.

The analysis of measles and rubella morbidity, the state of their vaccination in Ukraine was carried out. Despite decades of preventive vaccination, there is a 5-6 years’ cyclicity of measles epidemic process at present time. Measles morbidity increased 46.8 times in 2017 in comparison with 2016. Elevated rates of rubella epidemic morbidity were registered in 2004 and 2011. There was decrease of routine measles and rubella immunization coverage in the period from 2009 to 2016. Critically low rates were noted in 2016 – 45.5% (vaccination) and 30.2% (revaccination). In spite of progress in the measles and rubella vaccination in 2017 (93.3% – vaccination and 90.7% – revaccination), Ukraine has not achieved the immunization coverage (≥95.0%) necessary to interrupt these pathogens circulation. The national laboratory and a network of regional ones, in-system of the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network, were established in Ukraine to ensure high-quality performance of epidemiological surveillance. Genotyping of the clinical samples from Ukrainian measles and rubella patients is carried out in the WHO Regional Reference Laboratory (Luxembourg). Different genetic lines of the measles virus with prevalence of D8 genotype were indicated to circulate in Ukraine. The genotype B3 was also identified and the genotype D9 was isolated for the first time. In the furtherance of the goal of rubella and measles elimination in Ukraine, standard international approaches to clinical, laboratory and epide­miological diagnosis of cases, investigation of viruses transmission chains and detection of endemicity cases are in the course of implementation. Quality of the executing activities is assessed according to relevant standard indicators

Zebrafish Models in NeuroPsychopharmacology and CNS Drug Discovery

Despite the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, their aetiology and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized as a powerful animal model in neuropharmacology research and in vivo drug screening. Collectively, this makes zebrafish a useful tool for drug discovery and the identification of disordered molecular pathways. Here, we discuss zebrafish models of selected human neuropsychiatric disorders and drug-induced phenotypes. As well as covering a broad range of brain disorders (from anxiety and psychoses to neurodegeneration), we also summarize recent developments in zebrafish genetics and small molecule screening, which markedly enhance the disease modelling and the discovery of novel drug targets

Effects of glyprolines on free-radical oxidation in the brain neocortex of white rats in mild traumatic brain injury

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of glyproline peptides RGRGP (Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-Pro), RGP (Arg-GlyPro), PRPGP (Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) and PGPL (Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu) peptide substances at various concentrations on the free radical oxidation intensity of the brain tissues of Wistar males after intraperitoneal administration of peptide solutions after traumatic brain injury.Material and methods. The brain tissue of Wistar males aged 2–3 months (n = 126) were used in the experiment. RGRGP, RGP, PRPGP, and PGPL peptides were provided by Academician N.F. Myasoyedov. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was modeled by free fall of a load. From the second to the fifth day of the experiment, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with peptides. On the sixth day, the animals were taken out of the experiment. The activity of free radical oxidation was determined in freshly prepared homogenates of sections of the cerebral cortex by chemiluminescence (CL).Results. TBI significantly enhance free-radical oxidation intensity of the neocortex in brain tissue of Wistar rats, and the studied peptides affect it in different ways - from a decrease in CL intensity (the minimum value in TBI + RGP 0.1 group) to its increase (the maximum value in TBI + RGPGP 0.1 group). The effect depends on the dose of glyproline.Conclusions. The results obtained, based on the analysis of the free radical oxidation intensity of tissues, mainly indicate a different degree of correction of tissue homeostasis indicators. It can be assumed that Arg-Pro-Gly peptide can be the basis for the development of new drugs for post-stress rehabilitation after injuries of various levels and genesis