299 research outputs found
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ: Π ΠΠΠ¬ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π―ΠΠ«ΠΠ
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΡΡΡΠ»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π· Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²'ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π· ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ½Π³Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ², ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈ Π²ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΎ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²Π°Π³Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ, Π. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½, Π. Π. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ, Π. Π¨Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ². ΠΠ΅Π·Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π° Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π°Π³Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°-ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ. Π ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΉΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½Ρ Π·ΡΡΠ²ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ² ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ², ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«IΒ». Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π·Π²ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΊΡ. Π¦Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π·ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ².The article is inside topical research, as the problem of role and translation of pronoun is predefined by prevalence of this part of speech, and its complicated mutual relations with an actual referent. Determination of optimal facilities of translation of pronouns is certain contribution to the general theory of translation. There are a few considerable problems, related to the theory and typology of pronouns and most topical in the context of modern linguistics. These problems include: universal categories of the personal pronouns, functional types of the use of pronouns and others like that. Considerable attention is paid to the role of pronouns in the papers by Π. Wezbicka, Π. Lassan, L. Sinelnikova, M. Schaefer and other authors. Despite of the existence of a number of papers dealing with the pronouns, their role in the modern language has not been exhaustively lighted up yet. Therefore the purpose, which we set in this article, is to analyse the functions of the personal pronouns in modern English. Acccording to our observations, besides traditional functions, inherent to the pronoun as a part of speech, it is necessary to pay attention to theme and rheme function of pronoun, stylistic and pointing out and psychological functions. In modern English language there are certain changes in correlation of nominative and objective cases of the personal pronouns, especially the pronoun "I". The sphere of the use of objective case is broadened due to narrowing of sphere of the use of nominative case. These features of correlation of case forms predetermine appearance and development of such functions of pronoun as stylistically pointing out and psychological. The prospects of further research are seen in the analysis of forms of interrogative pronounsΠ‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΡΡΡΠ»Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ: ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ±ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½, Π. Π. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Π. Π¨Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅Π²Π·ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°-ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ "I". Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
The influence of endotoxemia on the change of homeostatic parameters after a surgical treatment of gastrointestinal pathologies in horse
veterinary medicine, horse, gastrointestinal tract, pathology, endotoxemia, homeostasis, Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ, Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ, ΠΆΠΊΡ, ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ, Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°
Accuracy assessment of primary production models with and without photoinhibition using Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative data in the North East Atlantic Ocean.
The accuracy of three satellite models of primary production (PP) of varying complexity was assessed against 95 in situ 14C uptake measurements from the North East Atlantic Ocean (NEA). The models were run using the European Space Agency (ESA), Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) version 3.0 data. The objectives of the study were to determine which is the most accurate PP model for the region in different provinces and seasons, what is the accuracy of the models using both high (daily) and low (eight day) temporal resolution OC-CCI data, and whether the performance of the models is improved by implementing a photoinhibition function? The Platt-Sathyendranath primary production model (PPPSM) was the most accurate over all NEA provinces and, specifically, in the Atlantic Arctic province (ARCT) and North Atlantic Drift (NADR) provinces. The implementation of a photoinhibition function in the PPPSM reduced its accuracy, especially at lower range PP. The Vertical Generalized Production Model-VGPM (PPVGPM) tended to over-estimate PP, especially in summer and in the NADR. The accuracy of PPVGPM improved with the implementation of a photoinhibition function in summer. The absorption model of primary production (PPAph), with and without photoinhibition, was the least accurate model for the NEA. Mapped images of each model showed that the PPVGPM was 150% higher in the NADR compared to PPPSM. In the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NAST) province, PPAph was 355% higher than PPPSM, whereas PPVGPM was 215% higher. A sensitivity analysis indicated that chlorophyll-a (Chl a), or the absorption of phytoplankton, at 443 nm (aph (443)) caused the largest error in the estimation of PP, followed by the photosynthetic rate terms and then the irradiance functions used for each model
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