Potentiation of the antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 cell-free extracts by ascorbic acid.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the culture medium with ascorbic acid on the antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus reuteri cell-free extracts (CFEs). CFEs were prepared using commercial strain L. reuteri DSM 17938 by culturing lactobacilli in its own disintegrated cell suspension (DCS) supplemented with ascorbic acid in sub-inhibitory (5 mg/ml, CFE5) or minimal inhibitory concentration (20 mg/ml, CFE20) and without supplementation (CFE0). Staphylococcus aureus AТСС 25923, Escherichia coli AТСС 25922 reference strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa extensively drug resistant (XDR) clinical isolate were used as indicator cultures. Screening of the inhibitory properties of the studied CFEs and elucidation of the nature of inhibitory products were done using modified Micro scale Optical Density Assay (MODA). The inhibition indices (InhI) were calculated for the studied CFEs and ascorbic acid of appropriate concentrations. CFEs were subjected to HPLC-analysis. CFE5 and CFE20 showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity toward to indicator cultures than CFE0. InhI calculated for extracts CFE5 and CFE20 mainly exceeded the sum of the corresponding indicators calculated for CFE0 and ascorbic acid (АА) of appropriate concentrations: InhICFE5 ≥ InhI CFE0 + InhI AA5; InhICFE20 > InhI CFE0 + InhI AA20. Acidic metabolic products have made the greatest contribution to the antimicrobial effect of the studied CFEs. HPLC-nalysis showed that the modified ascorbic acid was the substance found in CFE20 in the greatest quantity. The revealed effect of potentiation of antimicrobial activity of CFEs by ascorbic acid should be taken into account when developing new biotechnological products based on derivatives of L. reuteri DSM 17938

Юридична відповідальність за правопорушення у сфері охорони здоров’я в Україні

The author of the article has studied the basics of legal liability for the commission of offenses in the sphere of health care in Ukraine. The author using the comparative and legal method has accomplished characteristics of legal principles of civil, administrative and criminal liability for health-related offenses in Ukraine. The author has indicated on the existence of three forms of civil legal relations, which may arise in case of a patient’s claimant appeal in regard to a health care institution, namely: 1) between a physician and a patient; 2) between the health care institution and a patient; 3) between a physician and the health care institution. It has been noted that the overwhelming majority of claims brought by patients to health care institutions are claims for the compensation for material and non-pecuniary damage caused by decline caused by inadequate quality of medical care. It has been found out that administrative liability for health-related offenses in Ukraine occurs, if these violations in their nature are not entrusted of criminal liability in accordance with the law. Criminal liability is the most severe form of legal liability of medical employees and pharmacists for offenses committed by them in the course of their professional activities. The author has offered to conditionally divide the crimes committed by medical employees in regard to the exercise of their professional activities, into: crimes against the life and health of a person (a patient); crimes against the rights of a person (a patient); crimes in the field of economic activity on medical practice; crimes in the sphere of drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors trafficking; other crimes committed by medical professionals in regard to their professional activities. The author has studied the statistics of bringing medical employees and pharmacists in Ukraine to legal liability during 2013-2017. The author has supported the opinion that cases, where medical employees and pharmacists are the subjects, are admitted the most complex according to the degree of difficulty, because they need to find out special issues of medical nature. Most cases of bringing medical employees and pharmacists to legal liability are unjustified or inadequate. The author has defined studying the issue of modernizing public health management in the context of European integration as the perspective direction of further scientific research.Рассмотрены основы юридической ответственности за совершение правонарушений в сфере здравоохранения в Украине. Охарактеризованы основания гражданской, административной и уголовной ответственности за правонарушения в сфере здравоохранения в Украине. Путём анализа статистических данных привлечения к юридической ответственности медицинских и фармацевтических работников в Украине в 2013–2017 годы установлено, что дела, в которых они выступают как субъекты правонарушений, по степени сложности признаются наиболее сложными, поскольку требуют выяснения специальных вопросов медицинского характера.Розглянуто основи юридичної відповідальності за скоєння правопорушень у сфері охорони здоров’я в Україні. Охарактеризовано підстави цивільної, адміністративної та кримінальної відповідальності за правопорушення у сфері охорони здоров’я в Україні. Шляхом аналізу статистичних даних притягнення до юридичної відповідальності медичних та фармацевтичних працівників в Україні у 2013–2017 роки встановлено, що справи, де вони виступають суб’єктами правопорушень, за ступенем складності визнаються найбільш складними, оскільки потребують з’ясування спеціальних питань медичного характеру