МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ СТОРОЖЕВОГО ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКОГО УЗЛА У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

Objective: to provide various methods for sentinel lymph node detection considering their advantages and disadvantages.Material and Methods. The search of the relevant articles published in Pubmed, MedLine, RINTs, etc. database was conducted. 49 publications from 1970 to 2018 were analyzed.Results. Currently, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN biopsy) has become a worthy alternative to traditional lymphatic surgery for early breast cancer. SLN biopsy significantly decreases the number of postoperative complications caused by lymphadenectomy and improves the quality of life of cancer patients. So far, a large number of SLN detection techniques have accumulated. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages.Conclusion. Despite a large number of SLN detection methods, the question of the optimal technique is currently debatable. Цель исследования – представить различные методы диагностики сторожевых лимфатических узлов, рассмотрев их достоинства и недостатки.Материал и методы. Проведен поиск статей, опубликованных в базах Pubmed, MedLine, РИНЦ, РГБ за 1970–2018 гг. Из 150 проанализированных публикаций в обзор вошли 50.Результаты. В настоящее время биопсия сторожевого лимфатического узла (СЛУ) стала достойной альтернативой традиционной хирургии на лимфатических путях при раннем раке молочной железы (РМЖ). Благодаря данной методике снизилось количество послеоперационных осложнений, вызванных лимфодиссекцией, а качество жизни больных значительно возросло. С момента появления и до настоящего времени накопилось большое количество техник определения СЛУ, каждая из которых имеет свои плюсы и минусы.Заключение. Несмотря на большое количество методов детекции СЛУ, вопрос об оптимальной технике в настоящее время остается дискуссионным.

Evolution of a design for communication: the case of the global reporting initiative sustainability reporting guidelines

This study examines the communication design practice (Aakhus, 2007) of a third-party expert communication-information service – the Global Reporting Initiative –by describing the evolutionary path of a design for communication. The object of study is the change in the design proposal for the reporting move as stipulated in the GRI Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. GRI’s proposal for sustainability reporting is an intervention into civil regulation made by institutionalizing a way for organizations to disclose their social, environmental, and economic performance to their stakeholders, and thus an effort to shape the quality of communication about issues of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that arise at the intersection of business and society. The Report Content sections of the Guidelines – G1 (2000), G2 (2002), G3 (2006), and G3.1 (2011) – were used as data in this study. Analysis identified changes over time between the Guidelines’ versions and was guided by the design stance conceptually (Aakhus & Jackson, 2005), and a modified grounded theory (GT) approach procedurally (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). A main finding in this study is that the “success” of the GRI Guidelines has been puzzling, in light of the documents’ increasingly normative and prescriptive approach, yet increased distancing from the reporting organizations as primary stakeholders alongside emerging orientation toward international standard-setting organizations as main drivers of report content. Findings also showed that the GRI’s specifications for the reporting move have changed over time from flexible requests to provide factual information about current activities in G1 to more imperative requests to account for past and present behavior while embracing a global view of expansive civic responsibilities in G3/3.1. Analysis has shown that the GRI has intervened significantly in the arena of civil regulation, although the promise of substantive company-stakeholder dialogue about CSR matters has not been realized. Instead, the GRI has created a new bureaucracy that seemingly satisfies all the participants yet whose contribution to a more sustainable world is questionable. The study has introduced theory-practice implications for civil regulation, which are grounded in design rationality as explanatory framework.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Svetlana V. Grushin

Strategies of developers to housing supply within framework of project financing

The problem of providing comfortable and affordable housing for Russian citizens as a national goal has gained an impetus to solution after the introduction at the legislative level of project financing for housing construction using escrow accounts. The application of this new method of financing to the decision-making algorithm of a developer requires mathematical modeling of the economic ratios of the main indicators of the developer’s activities, taking into account the interests of other subjects in the housing construction sector: banks and population. The approach proposed by the authors is aimed primarily at expanding the supply in the housing market. We have formalized the possible sale strategies of the developer using a matrix approach in varying prices and the number of meters sold at different stages of construction, as well as interest rates for bank crediting, depending on the degree of escrow accounts accumulation. Testing the model has shown that developers should face serious problems related to increasing the cost of replenishing working capital for the construction process, which will inevitably be included in the price per square meter of housing and paid by the consumer (population). At the same time, banks become the main controllers and beneficiaries of the project financing. The model developed and tested by the authors will allow construction organizations to overcome the first difficulties of project financing application and competently and consistently make a choice of a strategy for offering housing to buyers, taking into account the variability of the economic parameters of all parties

METHODOLOGICAL WAY TO ENSURE SELF-DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND CAREGIVERS IN THE PROCESS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

For example, the CRD MUNICIPAL budget preschool educational institution – kinder-center “Baby” the results of realization of noospheric educational technologies adapted to the specifics of children’s age. The methodological possibilities of creative tasks, technology use computer environment, heuristic learning, music education, narrative learning. The analysis of the importance of ensuring the professional competence of teachers. The efficiency bioadequate methods of teaching in practical operation the OED. Through psycho-pedagogical monitoring of creative development of a preschool child a study of the effectiveness of the noosphere theory; generalized educational experience from the standpoint of using environmentally friendly means and methods in the system of training and education

Understanding orientations to participation: overcoming status differences to foster engagement in global teams

A key challenge facing global teams lies in overcoming status differences in order to elicit participation and input from all members. This study extends prior research–which has focused largely on individual-level factors such as language, culture, and location that create status differences that fracture teams and reduce participation–by examining members’ underlying orientations to participation, team practices that encourage these, and their impacts on global team effectiveness. We draw on a rich multilevel, mixed-method data set consisting of 45 in-depth interviews and a comprehensive analysis of conference calls from 9 global teams in a multinational integrated mining, minerals processing, and manufacturing organization. We identified three orientations to participation (Help, Learn, and Engage). Team-level analysis revealed team practices that encouraged certain orientations to participation to emerge, in particular relationships across sites and input solicitation. Only the Engage orientation was positively associated with overall global team effectiveness. Implications of these findings are discussed

GREEN TECHNOLOGIES OF URAL INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES: ON THE WAY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article shows the main provisions on the "green" economy and "green" technologies. The review of the largest industrial units of the Ural Federal District is carried out, as well as data on the costs of enterprises aimed at reducing the harmful effects of production. As a result of the study, it is concluded about the effectiveness of the introduction of "green" technologies in production, as well as the benefits of the transition to a "green" economy both for one district and for the whole country.В статье показаны основные положения о «зеленой» экономике и «зеленых» технологиях. Проведен обзор крупнейших промышленных единиц Уральского Федерального Округа, а также представлены данные по расходам предприятий, направленных на снижение вредного воздействия от производств. В результате исследования делается вывод об эффективности внедрения эко-технологий в производство, а также о пользе перехода к «зеленой» экономике как для одного округа, так и для всей страны