Systematic review and meta-analysis. small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in chronic pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Evidence on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) is conflicting. AIM: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of SIBO in CP and to examine the relationship of SIBO with symptoms and nutritional status. METHODS: Case-control and cross-sectional studies investigating SIBO in CP patients were analysed. The prevalence of positive tests was pooled across studies, and the rate of positivity between CP cases and controls was calculated. RESULTS: In nine studies containing 336 CP patients, the pooled prevalence of SIBO was 36% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17-60%) with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 91%). A sensitivity analysis excluding studies employing lactulose breath test gave a pooled prevalence of 21.7% (95% CI 12.7-34.5%) with lower heterogeneity (I2 = 56%). The odds ratio for a positive test in CP vs controls was 4.1 (95% CI 1.6-10.4) (I2 = 59.7%). The relationship between symptoms and SIBO in CP patients varied across studies, and the treatment of SIBO was associated with clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of CP patients have SIBO, with a significantly increased risk over controls, although results are heterogeneous, and studies carry several limitations. The impact of SIBO and its treatment in CP patients deserve further investigation

Traditional and Modern Protective Media for the Low-Temperature Bacteria Preservation

Presented are the literature data on the efficiency of bacteria preservation at temperatures ranging from -20 to -196 °C in the protective media containing such cryoprotectors as glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, carbo-hydrates, substances of protein origin specified by regulatory guidelines. Most of the focus is on the publications reporting the results of the long-term bacteria preservation at sub-zero temperatures, optimization of the protective media for pathogenic bacteria, and usage of the compounds with potential cryoprotective activity. Noted is the necessity for approbation of the specified protective media for the conserved bacteria species at the applied preserving temperatures. One of the approaches to the enhancement of the low-temperature preservation techniques is a search for natural protectors, which can provide for surviving of bacteria in the unfavorable conditions, including low temperatures, and a search for possibility to integrate these natural protectors into the cryoprotective media. Displayed are the results of effective application of glycerol-betaine, and polysaccharides of Arctic microorganisms for the low-temperature bacteria preservation

Development of a three-level model of early rehabilitation in Perm kray

The article deals with the concept and the content of the technology of early rehabilitation and carries out a retrospective analysis of its development in the Russian Federation and abroad. The authors present the experience of organizing the system of early rehabilitation services in Perm Kray as a three-level model. At the macro-level, the model describes the content and the specificity of realization of the mechanisms of interdepartmental cooperation and highlights the problems and perspectives of their realization. The meso-level deals with the organization of activity of the services of early rehabilitation in institutions of various departments and agencies.В статье представлен опыт организации системы ранней помощи в Пермском крае, сложившейся в виде трехуровневой модели.

Motion of Vacancies in a Pinned Vortex Lattice: Origin of the Hall Anomaly

Physical arguments are presented to show that the Hall anomaly is an effect of the vortex many-body correlation rather than that of an individual vortex. Quantitatively, the characteristic energy scale in the problem, the vortex vacancy formation energy, is obtained for thin films. At low temperatures a scaling relation between the Hall and longitudinal resistivities is found, with the power depending on sample details. Near the superconducting transition temperature and for small magnetic fields the Hall conductivity is found to be proportional to the inverse of the magnetic field and to the quadratic of the difference between the measured and the transition temperatures.Comment: minor change

Esterification of betulin with ω-bromoalkanoic acids

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. New C3- and C28-functionalized derivatives of the lupane triterpenoid betulin have been synthesized by esterification with ω-bromoalkanoic acids, and preliminary biological screening of the obtained compounds has been performed

The use of an antibacterial implant in the treatment of periprosthetic infection in an HIV-positive patient

Background: The frequency of occurrence of infectious complications after hip arthroplasty in HIV-infected patients is extremely high. Revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic infection is the leader (64%) among the causes of early revision interventions. The search for ways to increase the efficiency of the sanitizing stage of treatment due to antibacterial coatings of the endoprosthesis components continues.Objective: Demonstration of a clinical case of treatment of periprosthetic infection in an HIV-positive patient using a spacer and a femoral component of a hip joint endoprosthesis coated with linear Sp1 carbon chains and silver. 123 months after hip arthroplasty for stage 3 dysplastic coxarthrosis in HIV-positive patient of 42 years old developed an instability of the acetabular component with the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in punctates. A revision was performed with the removal of the endoprosthesis and the installation of an articulating spacer with the addition of antibiotics. 12 weeks later, a recurrence of periprosthetic infection occurred, and Enterococcus faecalis was detected in punctates. During re-endoprosthetics, there was an installation of an articulating spacer covered with a two-dimensionally ordered linear-chain carbon doped with silver, based on the Zimmer CPT femoral component and bone cement with antibiotics addition. After 3 months, the second stage of revision arthroplasty was performed with implantation of an individual acetabular component and a femoral component coated with two-dimensionally ordered linear-chain carbon doped with silver.Conclusion: 4 months after the operation the patient returned to work, 12 months later the functional results were satisfactory. The use of components coated with two-dimensionally ordered linear-chain carbon doped with silver in an HIV-positive patient with recurrent periprosthetic infection made it possible to stop the infectious process, improve limb function and the quality of life

Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray production in the polar cap regions of black hole magnetospheres

We develop a model of ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) production via acceleration in a rotation-induced electric field in vacuum gaps in the magnetospheres of supermassive black holes (BH). We show that if the poloidal magnetic field near the BH horizon is misaligned with the BH rotation axis, charged particles, which initially spiral into the BH hole along the equatorial plane, penetrate into the regions above the BH "polar caps" and are ejected with high energies to infinity. We show that in such a model acceleration of protons near a BH of typical mass 3e8 solar masses is possible only if the magnetic field is almost aligned with the BH rotation axis. We find that the power of anisotropic electromagnetic emission from an UHECR source near a supermassive BH should be at least 10-100 times larger then UHECR power of the source. This implies that if the number of UHECR sources within the 100 Mpc sphere is ~100, the power of electromagnetic emission which accompanies proton acceleration in each source, $10^{42-43}$ erg/s, is comparable to the typical luminosities of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the local Universe. We also explore the acceleration of heavy nuclei, for which the constraints on the electromagnetic luminosity and on the alignment of magnetic field in the gap are relaxed

Design, Synthesis, and Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitory Activity of Triphenylphosphonium Derivatives of the Triterpenoid Betulin

© 2017 The American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy. A series of new triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives of the triterpenoid betulin (1, 3-lup-20(29)-ene-3β,28-diol) have been synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer (MCF-7), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), vinblastine-resistant human breast cancer (MCF-7/Vinb), and human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. The TPP moiety was applied as a carrier group through the acyl linker at the 28- or 3- and 28-positions of betulin to promote cellular and mitochondrial accumulation of the resultant compounds. A structure-activity relationship study has revealed the essential role of the TPP group in the biological properties of the betulin derivatives produced. The present results showed that a conjugate of betulin with TPP (3) enhanced antiproliferative activity toward vinblastine-resistant MCF-7 cells, with an IC 50 value as low as 0.045 μM