436 research outputs found
Hadronic Gamma Rays from Supernova Remnants
A gas cloud near a supernova remnant (SNR) provides a target for
pp-collisions leading to subsequent gamma-ray emission through neutral pion
decay. The assumption of a power-law ambient spectrum of accelerated particles
with index near -2 is usually built into models predicting the spectra of
very-high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from SNRs. However, if the gas cloud
is located at some distance from the SNR shock, this assumption is not
necessarily correct. In this case, the particles which interact with the cloud
are those leaking from the shock and their spectrum is approximately
monoenergetic with the injection energy gradually decreasing as the SNR ages.
In the GLAST energy range the gamma-ray spectrum resulting from particle
interactions with the gas cloud will be flatter than expected, with the cutoff
defined by the pion momentum distribution in the laboratory frame. We evaluate
the flux of particles escaping from a SNR shock and apply the results to the
VHE diffuse emission detected by the HESS at the Galactic centre.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the 30th ICRC, Merida, Mexico,
2007 (final version
On the mechanism for breaks in the cosmic ray spectrum
The proof of cosmic ray (CR) origin in supernova remnants (SNR) must hinge on
full consistency of the CR acceleration theory with the observations; direct
proof is impossible because of the orbit stochasticity of CR particles. Recent
observations of a number of galactic SNR strongly support the SNR-CR connection
in general and the Fermi mechanism of CR acceleration, in particular. However,
many SNR expand into weakly ionized dense gases, and so a significant revision
of the mechanism is required to fit the data. We argue that strong ion-neutral
collisions in the remnant surrounding lead to the steepening of the energy
spectrum of accelerated particles by \emph{exactly one power}. The spectral
break is caused by a partial evanescence of Alfven waves that confine particles
to the accelerator. The gamma-ray spectrum generated in collisions of the
accelerated protons with the ambient gas is also calculated. Using the recent
Fermi spacecraft observation of the SNR W44 as an example, we demonstrate that
the parent proton spectrum is a classical test particle power law , steepening to at .Comment: APS talk to appear in PoP, 4 figure
Non linear particle acceleration at non-relativistic shock waves in the presence of self-generated turbulence
Particle acceleration at astrophysical shocks may be very efficient if
magnetic scattering is self-generated by the same particles. This nonlinear
process adds to the nonlinear modification of the shock due to the dynamical
reaction of the accelerated particles on the shock. Building on a previous
general solution of the problem of particle acceleration with arbitrary
diffusion coefficients (Amato & Blasi, 2005), we present here the first
semi-analytical calculation of particle acceleration with both effects taken
into account at the same time: charged particles are accelerated in the
background of Alfven waves that they generate due to the streaming instability,
and modify the dynamics of the plasma in the shock vicinity.Comment: submitted to MNRA
Sensomotor integration features in skilled female boxers
The paper considers features of sensomotor integration of visuomotor reactions in female boxers. It is found that sportswomen have quicker reactions, but make more mistakes in complex choice reaction. Sensomotor integration of sensomotor reaction into functional systems of activity in female boxers is also associated more with accuracy of responsive actions than in reaction rate. © JPES
Dissipative Dynamics of Collisionless Nonlinear Alfven Wave Trains
The nonlinear dynamics of collisionless Alfven trains, including resonant
particle effects is studied using the kinetic nonlinear Schroedinger (KNLS)
equation model. Numerical solutions of the KNLS reveal the dynamics of Alfven
waves to be sensitive to the sense of polarization as well as the angle of
propagation with respect to the ambient magnetic field. The combined effects of
both wave nonlinearity and Landau damping result in the evolutionary formation
of stationaryOA S- and arc-polarized directional and rotational
discontinuities. These waveforms are freqently observed in the interplanetary
plasma.Comment: REVTeX, 6 pages (including 5 figures). This and other papers may be
found at http://sdphpd.ucsd.edu/~medvedev/papers.htm
Proton-Helium Spectral Anomaly as a Signature of Cosmic Ray Accelerator
The much-anticipated proof of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in supernova
remnants (SNR) must hinge on full consistency of acceleration theory with the
observations; direct proof is impossible because of the orbit scrambling of CR
particles. The PAMELA orbital telescope revealed deviation between helium and
proton CR spectra deemed inconsistent with the theory, since the latter does
not differentiate between elements of ultrarelativistic rigidity. By
considering an initial (injection-) phase of the diffusive shock acceleration
(DSA), where elemental similarity does not apply, we demonstrate that the
spectral difference is, in fact, a unique signature of the DSA. Collisionless
plasma SNR shocks inject more He2+ relative to protons when they are stronger
and so produce harder helium spectra. The injection bias is due to Alfven waves
driven by the more abundant protons, so the He2+ ions are harder to trap by
these waves because of the larger gyroradii. By fitting the p/He ratio to the
PAMELA data, we bolster the DSA-case for resolving the century-old mystery of
CR origin.Comment: PRL Accepted version: reformatted figures, references added, minor
correction
Cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants: non-linear theory revised
A rapidly growing amount of evidences, mostly coming from the recent
gamma-ray observations of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs), is seriously
challenging our understanding of how particles are accelerated at fast shocks.
The cosmic-ray (CR) spectra required to account for the observed phenomenology
are in fact as steep as , i.e., steeper than the
test-particle prediction of first-order Fermi acceleration, and significantly
steeper than what expected in a more refined non-linear theory of diffusive
shock acceleration. By accounting for the dynamical back-reaction of the
non-thermal particles, such a theory in fact predicts that the more efficient
the particle acceleration, the flatter the CR spectrum. In this work we put
forward a self-consistent scenario in which the account for the magnetic field
amplification induced by CR streaming produces the conditions for reversing
such a trend, allowing --- at the same time --- for rather steep spectra and CR
acceleration efficiencies (about 20%) consistent with the hypothesis that SNRs
are the sources of Galactic CRs. In particular, we quantitatively work out the
details of instantaneous and cumulative CR spectra during the evolution of a
typical SNR, also stressing the implications of the observed levels of
magnetization on both the expected maximum energy and the predicted CR
acceleration efficiency. The latter naturally turns out to saturate around
10-30%, almost independently of the fraction of particles injected into the
acceleration process as long as this fraction is larger than about .Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in JCA
Analytic Solution for Self-regulated Collective Escape of Cosmic Rays from their Acceleration Sites
Supernova remnants (SNRs), as the major contributors to the galactic cosmic
rays (CR), are believed to maintain an average CR spectrum by diffusive shock
acceleration (DSA) regardless of the way they release CRs into the interstellar
medium (ISM). However, the interaction of the CRs with nearby gas clouds
crucially depends on the release mechanism. We call into question two aspects
of a popular paradigm of the CR injection into the ISM, according to which they
passively and isotropically diffuse in the prescribed magnetic fluctuations as
test particles. First, we treat the escaping CR and the Alfven waves excited by
them on an equal footing. Second, we adopt field aligned CR escape outside the
source, where the waves become weak. An exact analytic self-similar solution
for a CR "cloud" released by a dimmed accelerator strongly deviates from the
test-particle result. The CR diffusion coefficient is strongly
suppressed compared to its background ISM value : for sufficiently high field-line-integrated CR
partial pressure, . When , the CRs drive Alfven waves efficiently
enough to build a transport barrier that strongly reduces the leakage. The
solution has a spectral break at , where satisfies the
following equation .Comment: 6 figures, aastex, 31 page
Intersystem interactions of physiological system indicators in students with different types of autonomic regulation
Studying not only individual students indicators of students, but complex intersystem interactions that reflect the specifics of adaptive capabilities is of scientific interest. The aim of the study. To reveal the features of intersystem interactions of indicators of the blood vessels functional state, morphological and neurodynamic characteristics of students with different types of autonomic regulation, living in the KhantyMansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. Methods. 429 first–fourth-year students (348 girls, 80 boys) of the Surgut State Pedagogical University were examined. The initial type of autonomic regulation was determined by the average duration of electrocardiogram RR intervals. Anthropometry parameters (body length and weight) and body composition were assessed using Tanita BC-601 device (Tanita, Japan), vascular wall elasticity – using AngioScan-01 (AngioScan-Electronics Ltd, Russia), neurodynamic indicators – using NS-PsychoTest device (Neurosoft, Russia). Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica 7.0 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). We used the nonparametric Mann – Whitney U-test to evaluate differences and the nonparametric Pearson R-test to analyze correlations. Results. An increase in the stiffness of the vascular wall of large and small arteries in girls is accompanied by an increase in parasympathetic activity. In young men, an increase in the stiffness of large arteries raises with an increase in sympathoadrenal activity, while a compensatory increase in the stiffness of small muscular arteries is noted with an increase in parasympathetic activity. In persons with the sympathicotonic type of autonomic regulation, an excess content of fat mass, an increased frequency of visceral obesity, and a deficiency in water content were registered. With the predominance of the parasympathetic component contribution to the regulation of cardiac rhythm, an increase in the processes of inhibition in the central nervous system was noted. In young men, reduced sensorimotor reactions are consistent with sympathetic activation in the regulation of heart rate. Correlation analysis made it possible to establish some features in the interaction of the vascular, morphological and central nervous systems. Conclusion. Differences in indicators of functional systems (physical development, blood flow, neurodynamic characteristics) in the examined groups of students are shown, taking into account gender and autonomic regulation type. Features of intersystem interactions of indicators of physiological systems of students’ bodies with different types of autonomic regulation were revealed
Catalogues of variable binaries in the BDB, Binary star DataBase
База данных двойных звезд BDB, http://bdb.inasan.ru, объединяет данные каталогов двойных звезд всех наблюдательных типов. Мы описываем включение каталогов двойных переменных звезд в структуру базы данных.The BDB, Binary star DataBase http://bdb.inasan.ru combines data of the catalogues of binary stars of all observational types. We describe the implementation of catalogues of binary variable stars into the database structure.Работа выполнена при частичной поддержке гранта РФФИ 16-07-01162 и программы Президиума РАН №28 «Космос: исследования фундаментальных процессов и их взаимосвязей»
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