Composición y predictores sociodemográficos de los consumidores de noticias [Sociodemographic profiles and predictors of news consumers]

Introducción: La presente investigación tiene como propósito conocer la composición sociodemográfica de los consumidores de noticias en España en la última década. Metodología: A partir de diez encuestas aplicadas por el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) entre 2006 y 2017 con muestras de entre 2.455 y 3.191 personas, se buscó determinar si los perfiles sociodemográficos de consumo de medios son distintos entre sí y si predicen eficientemente el consumo. Resultados: Se concluye que Internet ha aumentado los niveles de consumo de los diarios impresos y digitales. El consumo de noticias en radio y televisión están tan generalizado que las variables sociodemográficas elegidas no permiten establecer diferencias apreciables. Sin embargo, los lectores de periódicos son más masculinos, más urbanos, de edades intermedias, de clases medias y altas y con mayor nivel formativo que la media de la población. Los usuarios de noticias en Internet coinciden básicamente con el perfil anterior excepto en la edad, ya que su público es más joven que la media. En el caso de los periódicos e Internet, las variables que predicen su consumo más eficientemente son el nivel de estudios y el sexo femenino (en negativo) y la clase social (en positivo). Por último, los coeficientes de correlación entre el consumo de noticias en los tres medios son significativos, aunque no muy altos. Introduction: This research article examines the sociodemographic profile of Spanish news consumers in the last decade. Methods: The study is based on ten surveys conducted by the Centre for Sociological Research (CIS, according to its initials in Spanish) between 2006 and 2017, on samples ranging from 2,455 to 3,191 participants, to determine whether sociodemographic profiles of news consumers are different across media platforms and whether they can efficiently predict news consumption. Results: It is concluded that the Internet has increased the consumption of print and digital newspapers. News consumption in radio and television is so widespread that the selected sociodemographic variables do not allow us to detect noticeable differences. However, newspaper readers are predominantly male, urban, middle-aged, middle and upper class, and highly educated. Internet news consumers basically match the previous profile, except in terms of age, as they are younger. In the case of newspaper and Internet news, the variables that predict their consumption more efficiently are education level, female sex (negative correlation) and social class (positive correlation). Finally, the correlation coefficients between news consumption in all three media platforms are significant, but not very high

Soliton solutions of Calogero model in harmonic potential

A classical Calogero model in an external harmonic potential is known to be integrable for any number of particles. We consider here reductions which play a role of "soliton" solutions of the model. We obtain these solutions both for the model with finite number of particles and in a hydrodynamic limit. In the latter limit the model is described by hydrodynamic equations on continuous density and velocity fields. Soliton solutions in this case are finite dimensional reductions of the hydrodynamic model and describe the propagation of lumps of density and velocity in the nontrivial background.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figure

The Trigonometric Rosen-Morse Potential in the Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and its Exact Solutions

The analytic solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for the trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential reported in the literature rely upon the Jacobi polynomials with complex indices and complex arguments. We first draw attention to the fact that the complex Jacobi polynomials have non-trivial orthogonality properties which make them uncomfortable for physics applications. Instead we here solve above equation in terms of real orthogonal polynomials. The new solutions are used in the construction of the quantum-mechanic superpotential.Comment: 16 pages 7 figures 1 tabl

Economic performance of the Spanish regional public service broadcasters according to the political party in government: An empirical analysis (1995-2016)

This article analyses and quantifies the influence that the political party ruling the regional government has upon the economic performance of the corresponding public service broadcaster. An analysis of the economic performance of regional broadcasting companies was undertaken over the period from 1995 to 2016, studying variables such as expenses per employee, total expenses, total assets, ROA, assets turnover and total share; and their relationship with the political party ruling in the region. The correlation analysis, based on the Krukal-Wallis test, confirms the political parties' influence on the broadcasting entities' management approach. The results obtained indicate that there are significant differences in economic performance depending on the political party (Partido Popular, Spanish Socialist Workers Party and nationalist-regionalist parties) which governs the Autonomous Community, and suggest research areas of interest in order to examine in greater detail the impact of these parties in each case

Efficiency and benchmarks of regional public service broadcasters in Spain

The current high public deficit situation of the Spanish economy lead us to analyse the management of public service companies, their allocation of resources and how well they are used. Within this article, we shall compare the efficiency of regional public service broadcasters (PSBs) in Spain using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and benchmarking. That will be done with two goals in mind. One, to evaluate and compare the performance of regional public television networks. And two, to propose policy measures to improve management efficiency. The results from the study indicate that more than a half of public television services in Spain are inefficient. It is recommended that the television services change some of their inputs/outputs to enhance efficiency and ensure future sustainabilit

Integración de comunicaciones a nivel de planta empleando sistemas ciber-físicos de producción de bajo coste

[Resumen] Los sistemas de automatización industrial actuales tienen que hacer frente a los desafíos que surgen al tratar de solventar las necesidades generadas por un mercado altamente competitivo. Estos desafíos conducen a la utilización de una nueva generación de sistemas de automatización basado en los denominados Sistemas Ciber-físicos de Producción (CPPS – Cyber-Physical Production Systems). Los CPPSs permiten la integración de sistemas de adquisición de datos tradicionales y novedosos sistemas de procesamiento inteligente de datos, con el objetivo de extraer información y mejorar el rendimiento general del sistema productivo. Para lograrlo, es necesario cerrar la brecha existente entre los sistemas de control y los niveles superiores. Este trabajo propone una aproximación en el desarrollo de aplicaciones bajo la norma IEC-61499 para el intercambio de datos entre el nivel de planta y las capas más altas empleando el estándar industrial OPC UA. La comunicación OPC UA ofrece mecanismos de suscripción que permiten una integración eficiente y sencilla de recursos que residen en diferentes dispositivos. Además, dado que la arquitectura OPC UA permite su ejecución incluso en dispositivos empotrados, la propuesta aportada en este artículo permite adquirir información de la planta empleando arquitecturas de bajo coste, al mismo tiempo que se posibilita un diseño basado en componentes con independencia de la plataforma hardware utilizada.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) en el marco del proyecto UFI 11/28, por el MCYT y FEDER bajo el proyecto DPI2015-68602-R, y por el Ministerio de Educación e Investigación de Ecuador a través de subvención SENESCYT-2014Universidad del País Vasco = Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea; UFI 11/28https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749808

A new view of electrochemistry at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Major new insights on electrochemical processes at graphite electrodes are reported, following extensive investigations of two of the most studied redox couples, Fe(CN)64–/3– and Ru(NH3)63+/2+. Experiments have been carried out on five different grades of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) that vary in step-edge height and surface coverage. Significantly, the same electrochemical characteristic is observed on all surfaces, independent of surface quality: initial cyclic voltammetry (CV) is close to reversible on freshly cleaved surfaces (>400 measurements for Fe(CN)64–/3– and >100 for Ru(NH3)63+/2+), in marked contrast to previous studies that have found very slow electron transfer (ET) kinetics, with an interpretation that ET only occurs at step edges. Significantly, high spatial resolution electrochemical imaging with scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, on the highest quality mechanically cleaved HOPG, demonstrates definitively that the pristine basal surface supports fast ET, and that ET is not confined to step edges. However, the history of the HOPG surface strongly influences the electrochemical behavior. Thus, Fe(CN)64–/3– shows markedly diminished ET kinetics with either extended exposure of the HOPG surface to the ambient environment or repeated CV measurements. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that the deterioration in apparent ET kinetics is coupled with the deposition of material on the HOPG electrode, while conducting-AFM highlights that, after cleaving, the local surface conductivity of HOPG deteriorates significantly with time. These observations and new insights are not only important for graphite, but have significant implications for electrochemistry at related carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes

Gain control network conditions in early sensory coding

Gain control is essential for the proper function of any sensory system. However, the precise mechanisms for achieving effective gain control in the brain are unknown. Based on our understanding of the existence and strength of connections in the insect olfactory system, we analyze the conditions that lead to controlled gain in a randomly connected network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. We consider two scenarios for the variation of input into the system. In the first case, the intensity of the sensory input controls the input currents to a fixed proportion of neurons of the excitatory and inhibitory populations. In the second case, increasing intensity of the sensory stimulus will both, recruit an increasing number of neurons that receive input and change the input current that they receive. Using a mean field approximation for the network activity we derive relationships between the parameters of the network that ensure that the overall level of activity of the excitatory population remains unchanged for increasing intensity of the external stimulation. We find that, first, the main parameters that regulate network gain are the probabilities of connections from the inhibitory population to the excitatory population and of the connections within the inhibitory population. Second, we show that strict gain control is not achievable in a random network in the second case, when the input recruits an increasing number of neurons. Finally, we confirm that the gain control conditions derived from the mean field approximation are valid in simulations of firing rate models and Hodgkin-Huxley conductance based models