26,747 research outputs found
A model for conservative chaos constructed from multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates with a trap in 2 dimensions
To show a mechanism leading to the breakdown of a particle picture for the
multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates(BECs) with a harmonic trap in high
dimensions, we investigate the corresponding 2- nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger
equation (Gross-Pitaevskii equation) with use of a modified variational
principle. A molecule of two identical Gaussian wavepackets has two degrees of
freedom(DFs), the separation of center-of-masses and the wavepacket width.
Without the inter-component interaction(ICI) these DFs show independent regular
oscillations with the degenerate eigen-frequencies. The inclusion of ICI
strongly mixes these DFs, generating a fat mode that breaks a particle picture,
which however can be recovered by introducing a time-periodic ICI with zero
average. In case of the molecule of three wavepackets for a three-component
BEC, the increase of amplitude of ICI yields a transition from regular to
chaotic oscillations in the wavepacket breathing.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Non-equilibrium transport response from equilibrium transport theory
We propose a simple scheme that describes accurately essential
non-equilibrium effects in nanoscale electronics devices using equilibrium
transport theory. The scheme, which is based on the alignment and dealignment
of the junction molecular orbitals with the shifted Fermi levels of the
electrodes, simplifies drastically the calculation of current-voltage
characteristics compared to typical non-equilibrium algorithms. We probe that
the scheme captures a number of non-trivial transport phenomena such as the
negative differential resistance and rectification effects. It applies to those
atomic-scale junctions whose relevant states for transport are spatially placed
on the contact atoms or near the electrodes.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted in Physical Review
Structure and electronic properties of molybdenum monoatomic wires encapsulated in carbon nanotubes
Monoatomic chains of molybdenum encapsulated in single walled carbon
nanotubes of different chiralities are investigated using density functional
theory. We determine the optimal size of the carbon nanotube for encapsulating
a single atomic wire, as well as the most stable atomic arrangement adopted by
the wire. We also study the transport properties in the ballistic regime by
computing the transmission coefficients and tracing them back to electronic
conduction channels of the wire and the host. We predict that carbon nanotubes
of appropriate radii encapsulating a Mo wire have metallic behavior, even if
both the nanotube and the wire are insulators. Therefore, encapsulating Mo
wires in CNT is a way to create conductive quasi one-dimensional hybrid
nanostructures.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure
A practical approach to the global analysis of CLP programs
This paper presents and illustrates with an example a practical approach to the dataflow analysis of programs written in constraint logic programming (CLP) languages using abstract interpretation. It is first argued that,
from the framework point of view, it sufnces to propose relatively simple extensions of traditional analysis methods which have already been proved useful and practical and for which efncient fixpoint algorithms have been
developed. This is shown by proposing a simple but quite general extensiĂłn of Bruynooghe's traditional framework to the analysis of CLP programs. In this extensiĂłn constraints are viewed not as "suspended goals" but rather as new information in the store, following the traditional view of CLP. Using this approach, and as an example of its use, a complete, constraint system independent, abstract analysis is presented for approximating definiteness information. The analysis is in fact of quite general applicability. It has been implemented and used in the analysis of CLP(R) and Prolog-III applications. Results from the implementation of this analysis are also presented
Giant thermopower and figure of merit in single-molecule devices
We present a study of the thermopower and the dimensionless figure of
merit in molecules sandwiched between gold electrodes. We show that for
molecules with side groups, the shape of the transmission coefficient can be
dramatically modified by Fano resonances near the Fermi energy, which can be
tuned to produce huge increases in and . This shows that molecules
exhibiting Fano resonances have a high efficiency of thermoelectric cooling
which is not present for conventional un-gated molecules with only delocalized
states along their backbone.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
A practical application of sharing and freeness inference
Abstract is not available
Symmetry-induced interference effects in metalloporphyrin wires
Organo-metallic molecular structures where a single metallic atom is embedded
in the organic backbone are ideal systems to study the effect of strong
correlations on their electronic structure. In this work we calculate the
electronic and transport properties of a series of metalloporphyrin molecules
sandwiched by gold electrodes using a combination of density functional theory
and scattering theory. The impact of strong correlations at the central
metallic atom is gauged by comparing our results obtained using conventional
DFT and DFT+U approaches. The zero bias transport properties may or may not
show spin-filtering behavior, depending on the nature of the d state closest to
the Fermi energy. The type of d state depends on the metallic atom and gives
rise to interference effects that produce different Fano features. The
inclusion of the U term opens a gap between the d states and changes
qualitatively the conductance and spin-filtering behavior in some of the
molecules. We explain the origin of the quantum interference effects found as
due to the symmetry-dependent coupling between the d states and other molecular
orbitals and propose the use of these systems as nanoscale chemical sensors. We
also demonstrate that an adequate treatment of strong correlations is really
necessary to correctly describe the transport properties of metalloporphyrins
and similar molecular magnets
A new special class of Petrov type D vacuum space-times in dimension five
Using extensions of the Newman-Penrose and Geroch-Held-Penrose formalisms to
five dimensions, we invariantly classify all Petrov type vacuum solutions
for which the Riemann tensor is isotropic in a plane orthogonal to a pair of
Weyl alligned null directionsComment: 4 pages, 1 table, no figures. Contribution to the proceedings of the
Spanish Relativity Meeting 2010 held in Granada (Spain
Universality in the transport response of molecular wires physisorbed onto graphene electrodes
We analyze the low-voltage transport response of large molecular wires
bridging graphene electrodes, where the molecules are physisorbed onto the
graphene sheets by planar anchor groups. In our study, the sheets are pulled
away to vary the gap length and the relative atomic positions. The molecular
wires are also translated in directions parallel and perpendicular to the
sheets. We show that the energy position of the Breit-Wigner molecular
resonances is universal for a given molecule, in the sense that it is
independent of the details of the graphene edges, gaps lengths or of the
molecule positions. We discuss the need to converge carefully the k-sampling to
provide reasonable values of the conductance.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Wetland restoration and nitrate reduction: the example of the periurban wetland of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country, North Spain)
Changes in land use and agricultural intensification caused wetlands on the quaternary aquifer of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country) to disappear some years ago and nitrate concentration in groundwaters increased very quickly. The Basque Government recently declared the East Sector of this aquifer a Vulnerable Zone according to the 91/676/CEE European Directive. Recently, the wetlands have been restored through the closure of the main drainage ditches, the consequent elevation of the water table and the abondonment of agricultural practices near the wetlands. This is the case of the Zurbano wetland. Restoration has allowed the recovery of its biogeochemical function, which has reduced nitrate concentrations in waters. Nitrate concentrations which exceed 50 mg l–1 in groundwaters entering into the wetland are less than 10 mg l–1 at the outlet. Conditions in the wetland are conducive to the loss of nitrates: organic matter rich wetted soils, clay presence allowing a local semiconfined flow and very low hydraulic gradient. Water quality monitoring at several points around the wetland showed the processes involved in nitrate loss, although some aspects still remain unresolved. However, during storm events, the wetland effectively reduces the nitrate concentration entering the Alegria River, the most important river on the quaternary aquifer
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