Posteriori estimation of teaching and learning process

У статті розглядується питання застосування технології апостеріорного оцінювання навчально-пізнавальної діяльності студентів. Результати апостеріорного оцінювання надають важливу інформацію про ефективність викладання викладачеві та навчальному закладу.В статье рассматривается вопрос использования технологии апостериорного оценивания учебно-познавательной деятельности студентов. Результаты апостериорного оценивания предоставляют важную информацию об эффективности преподавания преподавателю и учебному заведению.The question about the development and application of technology posterior estimation of teaching and educational activity of the students, is considered at the article. Posteriori estimation results provide important information about the performance of teaching and teacher education institutions

Detection Statistics of Pulse Signals at Declinations from +42o+42^o to +52o+52^o at the Frequency 111 MHz

A search for pulse signals was carried out in a new sky area included in the monitoring program for the search for pulsars and transients. Processing of several months data recorded in six frequency channels with a total bandwidth of 2.5 MHz showed that, on average, 4 pulses per hour are observed in each of the 24 connected stationary beams. Of these pulses, 18.3% are similar to those of pulsars. They are visible in one or two neighboring beams and have a pronounced dispersion shift, that is, they are recorded first at a high and then at a low frequency, which indicates the possible passage of the signal through the interstellar medium. Almost 68% of such detected pulses belong to six known pulsars with dispersion measures from 9 to 141 $pc/cm^3$, and almost all of the remaining pulses are either noise of an unknown nature or artifacts of the proposed pulse separation technique. An additional study of the selected array of 3650 obvious pulsar pulses revealed 13 pulses belonging to four rotating radio transients (RRATs). Their dispersion measures are in the range of 17-51 $pc/cm^3$. A search for regular (periodic) RRAT emission was carried out using power spectra summed over 121 days. Periodic radiation was not detected, but for two RRATs, upper estimates of the periods were obtained from measurements of the time intervals between pulses. The upper estimates of the integrated flux density of the detected RRATs are in the range 2-4 mJy at the frequency 111 MHz.Comment: published in Astronomy Report, translated by Yandex translator with correction of scientific lexis, 6 pages, 3 figures, 2 table

Polymorphism of genes associated with infectious lung diseases in Northern Asian populations and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

The innate Iнн\mmune system is the first to respond to invading pathogens. It is responsible for invader recognition, immune-cell recruitment, adaptive-immunity activation, and regulation of inflammation intensity. Previously, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of innate-immunity genes – rs5743708 (Arg753Gln) of the TLR2 gene and rs8177374 (Ser180Leu) of the TIRAP gene – have been shown to be associated with both pneumonia and tuberculosis in humans, but the data are contradictory among different ethnic groups. It has also been reported that rs10902158 at the PKP3-SIGGIR-TMEM16J genetic locus belongs to a haplotype race-specifically associated with tuberculosis. Meanwhile, a gradient of its frequency is observed in Asia. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of selection for the genotypes of the above-mentioned SNPs on the gene pools of populations living in harsh climatic conditions that contribute to the development of infectious lung diseases. We estimated the prevalence of these variants in white and Asian (Chukchis and Yakuts) population samples from Northern Asia and among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Carriage of the rs5743708 A allele was found to predispose to severe CAP (odds ratio 2.77, p = 0.021), whereas the GG/CT genotype of rs5743708/rs8177374 proved to be protective against it (odds ratio 0.478, p = 0.022) in white patients. No association of rs10902158 with CAP (total or severe) was found among whites. Stratification of CAP by causative pathogen may help eliminate the current discrepancies between different studies. No significant difference in rs5743708 or rs8177374 was found between adolescent and long-lived white samples. Carriage of the alleles studied is probably not associated with predisposition to longevity among whites in Siberia. Both white and Asian populations studied were different from Western European and East Asian populations in the variants’ prevalence. The frequency of the rs8177374 T (Ser180Leu) variant was significantly higher in the Chukchi sample (p = 0, χ2 = 63.22) relative to the East Asian populations. This result may confirm the hypothesis about the selection of this allele in the course of human migration into areas with unfavorable climatic conditions

Detection of two new RRATs at 111 MHz

A search for pulse signals in a area with declinations of +52\degr <\delta <+55\degr was carried out on the LPA LPI radio telescope. When processing ten months of observations recorded in six frequency channels with a channel width of 415 kHz and a total bandwidth of 2.5 MHz, 22 thousand events were found with a pronounced dispersion delay of signals over frequency channels, i.e. having signs of pulsar pulses. It turned out that the found pulses belong to four known pulsars and two new rotating radio transients (RRATs). An additional pulse search conducted in 32-channel data with a channel width of 78 kHz revealed 8 pulses for the transient J0249+52 and 7 pulses for the transient J0744+55. Periodic radiation of transients was not detected. The analysis of observations shows that the found RRATs are most likely pulsars with nullings, where the proportion of nulling is greater than 99.9\%.Comment: published in Astronomy Reports, translated by Yandex translator with correction of scientific lexis, 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl

The heart left ventricle diastolic function during exercises of different power in athletes

Целью исследования явилось изучение динамики показателей диастолической функции сердца спортсменов во время физических нагрузок различной мощности по данным эхокардиографии. Обследованы 68 спортсменов в возрасте от 12 до 27 лет, которые занимались плаваньем и волейболом. Посредством эходопплеркардиогрфического исследования установлены особенности кардиогемодинамических сдвигов у спортсменов во время физических нагрузок различной мощности. В работе доказано, что физические нагрузки средней и субмаксимальной мощности приводят к пропорциональному увеличению показателей диастолической функции сердца: скорости раннего диастолического наполнения левого желудочка (Е) до 81,9±20,0 см/с и скорости раннего диастолического движения створок митрального клапана (е’) до 16,6±5,7 см/с, что сохраняет их соотношение на уровне 6,73±2,83 у.е. Ранними симптомами физического перенапряжения сердечно-сосудистой системы были признаки нарушения релаксации миокарда во время диастолы, симптомы которого проявлялись при выполнении нагрузок максимальной мощности и приводили к большему приросту Е в сравнении с е’, что выражалось в увеличении Е/е’ до 7,33±3,69 у.е. (р<0,05). Продолжение выполнения физической нагрузки приводило к снижению глобальной систолической функции левого желудочка сердца. Дополнительным ранним показателем физического перенапряжения можно считать длительность нисходящей части раннего диастолического потока, которая при надпороговых нагрузках сокращалась более чем на 50 мс. The aim of the research was to investigate diastolic left ventricle function in athletes performing exercises requiring varying power using echocardiography. We surveyed 68 athletes aged from 12 to 27 years who were involved in swimming and volleyball. Echocardiography was used to assess cardiohaemodynamic changes in athletes using a bicycle ergometer to exercise at varying intensities. Exercising at submaximal and average power produces a proportional increase in indices of diastolic function of the heart: maximum speed of early diastolic mitral inflow streams (E) to 81,9±20,0 сm/s and maximum speed of early diastolic and mitral annulus velocity (е’) to 16,6±5,7 сm/s. It led to constant ratio E/e’ 6,73±2,83 units. The early symptoms of physical strain on the cardiovascular system were signs of myocardial relaxation violation during diastole. Symptoms appeared during the maximum power load and led to a large increase in E compared to e‘, which was manifested in the Е/е’ increase to 7,33±3,69 units (р<0,05). Continued physical activity lowered the global systolic function of the left ventricle. Additional early indicator of physical strain is length of early diastolic inflow deceleration time, which at above-threshold load was reduced more than 50 ms

Morphological characteristics of brain lesions in HIV infection.

Currently, diseases of the central nervous system are a common cause of death of patients with HIV infection. The article presents results of retrospective analysis of etiotropic structure of 186 lethal cases and typical pathological changes of brain tissue of patients aged 21 to 61 years who had confirmed diagnosis of HIV and died of diseases associated with CNS damage in the Municipal infectious hospital in the city ofDnepr(Ukraine) in the period from 2011 to 2016. The most common causes of death in patients with HIV infection and CNS infection were cerebral tuberculosis (75.0%) including co-infection (n = 35) and meningoencephalitis that developed as a result of yeast fungal (15.6%). In the study of neuropathological processes in the autopsy material of the brain tissue of patients with HIV, various multifocal and diffuse morphological changes have been identified that can be presented in this work in the form of 4 groups: 1) Multiple nonspecific changes associated with both direct action of HIV and co-factors : infection, inflammation, hypoxia, etc., 2) Viral-induced vasculitis with hemorrhages, 3) Subacute aseptic encephalitis, 4) HIV-associated opportunistic infections. General pathomorphological changes in brain tissue are revealed that can cause similarities of clinical manifestations, can complicate differential diagnosis of cerebral lesions of various etiologies, and lead to a divergence of pre and postmortal diagnoses

Individual athletes’ biomechanical features of interaction with objects in art gymnastics

Purpose: To design a biomechanical model of interaction of athlete with the subject, as well as the development of areas of its use in practice. Material: The study involved 10 students - athletes. Results: The presented computational schemes create direction of flight of different items (rope, hoop, ball, ribbon, clubs). The characteristics of the time of flight trajectories and with regard for the resistance force of the air environment. Shows the influence of initial parameters on departure flight time items. Graphic characteristics are presented trajectories of objects depending on the parameters of their departure. Conclusions: It is recommended to improve the judicial assessment and effective implementation gymnast exercises during the flight characteristics of the various items to consider trajectories of objects. Note that age, height and distance from the athletes at the end of the flight object defined biomechanical characteristics that can realize an athlete: absolute initial velocity of departure, departure angle, height of the center of mass manufacture items

Luminescent coordination polymers based on Ca²⁺ and octahedral cluster anions [{M₆Clⁱ₈}Clᵃ₆}²⁻ (M = Mo, W) : synthesis and thermal stability studies

Luminescent coordination polymers (CPs) based of inexpensive stable precursors are attractive materials for applications. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of the stability and photophysical characteristics of the first examples of phosphorescent CPs based on octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster anions. Specifically 1D CP trans-[{Ca(OPPh₃)₄}{{M₆Clⁱ₈}Clᵃ₆}]∞ (M = Mo, W) can be obtained either directly at increased temperature or via intermediate phases [cis-Ca(OPPh₃)₄(H₂O)₂][{M₆Clⁱ₈}Clᵃ₆]∙2CH₃CN that are stable at room-temperature, but convert to the titled CP at temperatures above 100 °C

Cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal changes of the sportsmen with polymorphisms of col1a1 gene

Целью исследования явилось определение влияния полиморфизма гена COL1A1 на состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы и опорно-двигательного аппарата у спортсменов. Обследованы 85 спортсменов в возрасте от 9 до 32 лет (средний возраст составил 23,2±4,3), которые занимались игровыми и циклическими видами спорта. Изменения в опорно-двигательном аппарате у спортсменов определяли с помощью антропометрии и соматоскопии, для оценки кардиогемодинамических сдвигов применяли эходопплеркардиогрфическое обследование, полиморфизм гена COL1A1 определяли методом полимеразной цепной реакции. Результаты исследования полиморфизма rs1800012 гена COL1A1 показали значительную распространенность среди исследуемых спортсменов гетерозиготного варианта GT, который встречался с частотой 67,1%, при этом гомозиготный вариант гена – ТТ установлен в 3,5%. Фенотипически генотип ТТ полиморфизма rs1800012 гена COL1A1 проявлялся в долихостеномелии, гипермобильности суставов, увеличении частоты деформаций позвоночника и эластичности кожи, уменьшении толщины кожи и, как следствие, в увеличении общего показателя вовлечения соединительной ткани в диспластический процесс, что связано с нарушени ем качественного состава соединительнотканного каркаса. Функционально неблагоприятный генотип ТТ приводит к изменениям морфологии сердца и крупных сосудов и отклонениям в процессах релаксации миокарда.The purpose of the study of the study is an identification of the extension and impact of polymorphism of COL1A1 gene on cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal state of athletes. 85 people in the ages from 9 to 32 (the average age was 23.2±4.3 years) with polymorphisms rs 1800012 of COL1A1 gene were examined during this investigation. With the help of anthropometry and somatoscopy skeletal abnormalities were established. To cardiohemodynamic investigation was used echocardiography. Polymorphisms of COL1A1 gene analysis was done by polymerase chain reaction method. The study results of polymorphism of COL1A1gene rs 1800012 expansion pointed at the critical extension of heterozygous gene GT in the selected for analysis population however heterozygous gene TT is found only with frequency of 3.5%. Associated trait of genotype TT of polymorphisms of COL1A1gene rs 1800012 involves dolichostenomelia, joints’ hypermobility, frequency increase of back bone deflection and as a result rising CT exhaustion level in dysplastic process that is corresponded with abnormality of CT skeleton qualitative composition. Functionary unfavorable genotype TT leads to the changes in heart morphology, major vessels and myocardium relaxation process deflection

Core acid treatment influence on well reservoir properties in Kazan oil-gas condensate field

The research involves investigation of the influence of hydrochloric acid (HCI-12%) and mud acid ( mixture: HCl - 10 % and HF - 3 %) treatment on the Upper-Jurassic reservoir properties in Kazan oil-gas condensate field wells. The sample collection included three lots of core cylinders from one and the same depth (all in all 42). Two lots of core cylinders were distributed as following: first lot - reservoir properties were determined, and, then thin sections were cut off from cylinder faces; second lot- core cylinders were exposed to hydrochloric acid treatment, then, after flushing the reservoir properties were determined, and thin sections were prepared. Based on the quantitative petrographic rock analysis, involvin 42 thin sections, the following factors were determined: granulometric mineral composition, cement content, intergranular contacts and pore space structure. According to the comparative analysis of initial samples, the following was determined: content decrease of feldspar, clay and mica fragments, mica, clay and carbonate cement; increase of pore spaces while in the investigated samples- on exposure of rocks to acids effective porosity and permeability value range is ambiguous