DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS A TOOL OF SYSTEM CHANGES IN THE TEACHER’S PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

Purpose: Social and cultural prerequisites of Russia’s transition to an open information society have predetermined new requirements for graduates of modern educational organizations, ready for communicative activities in a digital educational environment. Informatization of education is characterized by increasing virtualization of the educational process and, as a consequence, the predominance of fragmented thinking, and increase in the gap between traditional and innovative educational technologies. Methodology: The basis of the digital educational environment in the context of the use of knowledge management technologies can be specialized knowledge management systems that combine knowledge of related scientific disciplines, which should provide integration, accumulation, and support, as well as the organization of access to knowledge of the educational environment. A distinctive feature of the development of mankind at the present stage is the transition to information society in which information and information processes are becoming one of the most important components of human life and society. Result: The development of the global process of informatization of society leads to the formation of not only the new information environment for people but also new, information way of their life and professional activities. Many researchers as the most acute problem of modern education called the mismatch of software, including for educational purposes, to high technical characteristics of computers, resulting in extremely low efficiency of computer use in training. Critically assessing the effectiveness of the existing software of the educational process and the ways of its development, we see the prospects for a radical change in the situation in the orientation to the use of knowledge management technologies that use software products that can be changed, adapting to the needs of the user and, in particular, to the didactic tasks of training. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Digital Educational Environment as a Tool of System Changes in the Teacher’s Professional Activity is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

The effect of hydrogen on strain hardening and fracture mechanism of high-nitrogen austenitic steel

High-nitrogen austenitic steels are perspective materials for an electron-beam welding and for producing of wear-resistant coatings, which can be used for application in aggressive atmospheres. The tensile behavior and fracture mechanism of high-nitrogen austenitic steel Fe-20Cr-22Mn-1.5V-0.2C-0.6N (in wt.%) after electrochemical hydrogen charging for 2, 10 and 40 hours have been investigated. Hydrogenation of steel provides a loss of yield strength, uniform elongation and tensile strength. The degradation of tensile properties becomes stronger with increase in charging duration - it occurs more intensive in specimens hydrogenated for 40 hours as compared to ones charged for 2-10 hours. Fracture analysis reveals a hydrogen-induced formation of brittle surface layers up to 6 [mu]m thick after 40 hours of saturation. Hydrogenation changes fracture mode of steel from mixed intergranular-transgranular to mainly transgranular one

ESTIMATION OF RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE ORAL MUCOSA DURING SUPERFICIAL RADIOTHERAPY OF CANCER OF THE LOWER LIP USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the shielding of leaded rubber plates in superficial radiotherapy of lower lip cancer of stage I–II. Material and methods. A comparison was made of the timing and severity of oral mucosa and alveolar ridge damage in patients who used and did not use personal protective equipment. Experimental studies were carried out using a tissue-equivalent phantom and thermoluminescent detectors LiF activated by Mg and Ti. The summary doses received by the alveolar are calculated. Results and discussion. The total dose of X-ray radiation to the alveolar ridge in the absence of shielding is 64, 38 and 16 Gy for 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cm thick lip, respectively. The obtained values of the absorbed doses with personal protective equipment indicate a high shielding ability of the lead rubber used in the clinic. The use of shielding devices for superficial radiotherapy of lower lip cancer can improve the quality of life, reduces the duration and severity of radiation damage

Diets including Animal Food Are Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition with a prevalence of up to 25% in Western countries. Typical GERD symptoms include heartburn and retrosternal regurgitation. Lifestyle modifications, including diet, are considered a first-line therapeutic approach. To evaluate the impact of life habits on GERD in this cross-sectional study, we used data collected through an online survey from 1146 participants. GERD was defined according to the Montreal Consensus. For all participants, clinical and lifestyle characteristics were recorded. Overall, 723 participants (63.1%) consumed a diet including animal food (non-vegans), and 423 participants (36.9%) were vegans. The prevalence of GERD was 11% (CI 95%, 9–14%) in non-vegans and 6% (CI 95%, 4–8%) in vegans. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, subjects on a non-vegan diet were associated with a two-fold increase in the prevalence of GERD compared to vegans (OR = 1.96, CI 95%, 1.22–3.17, p = 0.006). BMI and smoking habits were also significantly associated with GERD. This study shows that an animal food-based diet (meat, fish, poultry, dairy, and eggs) is associated with an increased risk of GERD compared to a vegan diet. These findings might inform the lifestyle management of patients with GERD-related symptoms

Связь показателей когнитивного стиля «импульсивность/ рефлексивность» со степенью склонности к интернет-зависимому поведению у старшеклассников

Aim. To study the relationship between parameters of the impulsivity – reflexivity cognitive style and the level of Internet addiction among high school students.Materials and methods. 154 students from general education institutions aged 16–17 years were diagnosed using the J. Kagan’s reflection – impulsivity test and the Chen Internet Addiction Scale. The one-way analysis of variance was used, followed by post-hoc pairwise comparisons using the Tukey’s test.Results. An inverse relationship between the level of Internet addiction and decision latency in a multiple-choice situation and a direct relationship between the level of Internet addiction and the number of errors in the J. Kagan’s reflection – impulsivity test were revealed.Conclusion. High school students with propensity to Internet addiction tend to have the impulsive cognitive style, while students without such a tendency – the reflective style. In cognitive activity, the impulsive cognitive style is generally less productive than the reflexive one. The impulsive cognitive style is similar to the so-called clip thinking, which allows to consider the relationship between Internet addiction and this phenomenon through the prism of cognitive and style features.Цель – изучение связи характеристик когнитивного стиля «импульсивность/рефлексивность» с уровнем интернет-зависимости у старшеклассников.Материалы и методы. Проведена диагностика 154 обучающихся общеобразовательных учреждений 16– 17 лет посредством теста Дж. Кагана для определения показателей когнитивного стиля «импульсивность/ рефлексивность» и теста «Шкала склонности к интернет-зависимому поведению» С. Чена. Использовался однофакторный дисперсионный анализ с последующими попарными апостериорными сравнениями критерием Тьюки.Результаты. Установлено наличие обратной связи между уровнем интернет-зависимости и латентным временем принятия решения в ситуации множественного выбора и прямой связи между уровнем интернет-зависимости и количеством ошибок в тесте Дж. Кагана.Заключение. Старшеклассники со склонностью к интернет-зависимости тяготеют к импульсивному типу по исследованному когнитивному стилю, без таковой склонности – к рефлексивному типу. В познавательной деятельности использование импульсивного когнитивного стиля в целом менее продуктивно, чем рефлексивного. Импульсивный когнитивный стиль обнаруживает черты сходства с так называемым клиповым мышлением, что позволяет рассматривать связь интернет-зависимости с этим явлением через призму когнитивно-стилевых особенностей.

Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis in COVID-19: Clinical and Morphological Parallels

Aim. We aimed to study the histological and thrombotic changes in lung vessels in patients who died with COVID-19, to access the correlation between anticoagulation therapy (ACT) and thrombotic events (TE), treatment results, clinical and laboratory patients' characteristics.Material and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed treatment results of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and lung vessel samples of the deceased patients. Dynamic changes and highest levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen were studied in its correlation with the disease severity according to SOFA score, computer tomographic (CT) results, lung, renal and hepatic dysfunction. The association between different doses of ACT and treatment results, laboratory indicators and thrombotic events was accessed. The histological lung vessels examination was performed using Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB)staining.Results. 313 patients were included in the study (61 patients died). The median age of hospitalized patients was 60 years (IQR 51-66 years). The frequency of the intravitallyconfirmed TE was 4,8%. The strong statistical association was revealed between D-dimer level and 3-4 points SOFA score, patients' mortality, oxygen support requirement, CT3-CT4 pneumonia, glomerular filtration rate and TE. There was no mortality in patients with D-dimer normal references, but in cases with three times elevation reached 13%, 48,5% - in cases with 3-6 times elevation and 64,6% - in cases with more than 6 times elevation. The strong statistical association was registered between fibrinogen and SOFA score, CT 3-4 pneumonia, patients' mortality. D-dimer and fibrinogen levels demonstrated weak correlation. There was no statistical correlation between prophylactic, intermediate and therapeutic ACT and D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, CT results, patients' mortality. MSBstaining was used in 36 deceased patients tissue samples. 1394 lung vessels were analyzed. Lung vessels thrombi persisted in samples of all 36 patients (100%). Vessels with the diameter 3,5-30 mm were thrombosed in 7%, with the diameter 0,034-0,84 mm - in 48%, with the diameter 0,85-3,4 mm - in 45%. The frequency of thrombi persisted 06 hours, 6-12 hours, 12-18hours, 18-24 hours and more than 24 hours was12%, 14%, 62%, 5% and 7% respectively.Conclusion. Thrombi of different ages from fresh to organized were observed in one third of lung vessels in all deceased patients. Lung vessels thrombosis plays an important role in pathogenesis and thanatogenesis of COVID-19. The D-dimer level correlates with lung, renal dysfunction, patients' mortality and doesn't show any correlation with ACT and can be accepted as a criterion of lung vessel thrombotic progression

Estimation of the systematic error constituents in the calculations of the critical systems by the Monte Carlo method

Analysis of factors which influence on systematic error formation in the calculations of the critical systems by the Monte Carlo method for the MCNP and SCALE computer codes is executed. It has been shown that non-linearity of iteration process of calculation and uncertainty in initial neutron sources distributing effect on a systematic error. The estimation of systematic error constituents is executed on example of calculation model from the benchmark problems. Recommendations are resulted to minimization of the calculations systematic error for critical systems by the Monte Carlo method

Mathematical dependence for the 137Cs concentration in spent nuclear fuel and its using for experimental data processing

The 137Cs behavior during burn up for VVER and RBMK fuel were analyzing. Mathematical dependence for the 137Cs concentration from fuel burn up in the form of is obtained. The formula’s calculation results on 137Cs concentration were compared with ORIGEN and STURBUCS of SCALE-5 computer codes system calculations with some RBMK-1000 fuel experimental data. Using offered dependence the RBMK experimental samples cooling time were founded and isotopic compositions calculations were made with proper cooling time. Difference on some isotopes between calculation and experimental data were reducing