538 research outputs found
Sorption Properties of Clay and Pectin-Containing Hydrogels
As is known, polymeric polyelectrolyte hydrogels are superabsorbents that are capable of absorbing moisture in amounts many times greater than their own mass. Numerous studies have shown that besides water absorption and retention, they can also be effectively used as sorbents to purify water from heavy metals. In many works, attempts are made to improve the sorption properties of polyelectrolyte hydrogels by creating polymer composites based on them. Organic/inorganic composite materials frequently exhibited desired hybrid performance superior to their individual components and cost-efficient characteristics. The composites derived from natural polysaccharides and inorganic clay minerals are of special interest by virtue of their unique commercial and environmental advantages, which means that the design and development of environmentally friendly superabsorbents, introducing natural ingredients, have long been necessary. In this paper, we consider polymer hydrogels based on a copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide filled with pectin and bentonite. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of chemical conditions on hydrogels and their composites, kinetic, and absorption behavior toward metal ions in the presence of the chelating agent. In this chapter, an investigation of the kinetic patterns of swelling, deswelling, and sorption of the hydrogels and their composites will be presented
Review of Hydrological Peculiarities of the Flooding in the Amur Region with the Purpose to Establish a Complex of Sanitary-Anti-Epidemic Actions for Minimization of Social Implications
Described are the chronology and main peculiarities of floods in the Amur Region within the historical period since 1872 till present time. Given are the data on the damage to the Amur-river territory economy as a result of catastrophic high waters in 1928, 1950s, 1984, 2007. Comprehensively discussed are the peculiarities of the flooding, August-September 2013 as one of the most intense and prolonged in the history of the hydro-meteorological observations in the Far East. It is found out that Zeisk and Bureisk hydroelectric power stations turned out to be the only buffer storage restraining two thirds of the water volume of Zeya and Bureya rivers inflow in their flowages over a period of flood. Outlined are the general guidelines for emergency response activities under high water conditions for the Rospotrebnadzor Administration Quarters in the Amur Region. Implementation of the complex of actions through the offices of the territorial Rospotrebnadzor institutions in cooperation with the executive authorities has allowed for the prevention of epidemiological implications, providing for favorable sanitary-epidemiologic situation at the time of high water
FUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM OF THE PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE GENES IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
In the present time, incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) becomes broader, due to spreading resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) to anti-tuberculosis drugs and infection with highly virulent strains of M. tuberculosis. The MBT antigens can cause dysfunction of the receptors and modulate the cytokine secreting function of immunocompetent cells. Polymorphic genes of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the mechanisms of defense responses of innate immunity, determine the degree of resistance to individual mycobacterial infection, as well as severity and duration of the disease in cases of clinical manifestations. The aim of the study was to investigate the connections between allelic polymorphisms of IL2, IFNG and TNFA genes and changes in secretion of the corresponding pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFNΞ³, and TNFΞ± in vitro in patients with the newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), depending on the clinical form of the disease.A total of 334 patients (220 men and 114 women) aged 23 to 50 years with newly diagnosed infiltrative and disseminated TB were enrolled into the study. The control group consisted of 183 healthy donors (130 men and 53 women) of corresponding age. The material of the research included DNA extracted from the whole blood and supernatants of culture suspensions of mononuclear leukocytes isolated from venous blood in healthy volunteers and patients with TB. The evaluation of cytokines secretion was performed by measuring their concentration in the blood mononuclear cell culture supernatants. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To study polymorphic regions of cytokine genes, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied. Analysis of the obtained data was carried out by means of the program Statistica for Windows Version 6.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).It was found that the imbalance of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in TB patients was associated with the polymorphic variants of genes of these cytokines. It was found that the hypo-secretion of IL-2 is determined by the carriage of the G allele and genotype GG (T-330G) of the IL2 gene in both the control group and in patients with TB, regardless of the clinical form. In patients with DTB carriers of the homozygous genotype TT (T-330G) of the IL2gene, increased protein secretion was established. The maximum secretion of TNFΠ± was recorded in patients with the AA genotype (G-308A) of the TNFA gene in the control group and in ITB patients; the minimum concentration of TNFΞ± was associated with the carrier of the homozygous GG genotype (G-308A) of the TNFA gene in all the examined groups. In patients with ITB and DTB, an increase in IFNΞ³ secretion by mononuclear blood leukocytes is not associated with the carrier of polymorphism +874A/T of the IFNG gene.Reduced secretion of IL-2 and TNFΞ± in TB patients is associated with polymorphisms of their genes β (T-330G) of IL2 gene and (G-308A) of TNFA gene, respectively. The polymorphism (+874A/T) of the IFNG gene does not have a modulatory effect on the secretion of IFNΞ³ in patients with TB, regardless of clinical form of the disease
Impact of inter-ventricular lead distance on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown as an essential treatment of patients with heart failure, leading to improvements in symptoms, left ventricular (LV) function, and survival. However, up to 30% of appropriately selected patients remain non-responders to CRT. The aim of our study was to test a hypothesis on the impact of lead positioning in the ventricular walls on CRT response in patients with advanced chronic heart failure with and without pre-operative inter and intra-ventricular myocardial dyssynchrony. We examined 53 guideline-selected CRT candidates. Response to CRT was defined in 6 months after implantation of CRT devices. All patients underwent standard and Doppler echocardiography for assessment of LV function and mechanical dyssynchrony. Individual right ventricular (RV) and LV lead tip position, inter-lead distance, and the horizontal and vertical components were measured on the radiograph images with using an automated custom made software Our results showed that the RLV inter-lead distance is an essential parameter correlated with the CRT outcomes. A logistic model comprising the RLV inter-lead distance with parameters of dyssynchrony demonstrated a high predictive power for odds of CRT success. Β© 2017 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.Research was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, agreement β 02.A03.21.0006 and Program of the RAS Presidium #I.33Π
Colleges and industry partnerβs integration: Chinaβs experience
The article considers the Chinese analogue of the federal project βProfessionalismβ β βWorkshop named after master Liu Banβ. Luban Workshop is an innovative experience that combines academic education and vocational training. This project takes on the important mission of promoting integration between industry partners (enterprises) and colleges in order to optimize the countryβs economic development through the modernization and reform of vocational education. The article examines the history of the implementation of the authorβs Chinese model EPIP; the features of the modern practice of organizing the βWorkshopβ in different countries of the world are revealed. It is concluded that the possibility and expediency of projecting some provisions of the Chinese experience onto the area of searching for the development trajectory of the Russian project βProfessionalismβ.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΒ» β Β«Luban WorkshopΒ» (Β«ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΡ ΠΠ°Π½ΡΒ»), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ EPIP; Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΡ ΠΠ°Π½ΡΒ» Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΒ»
Federal Program "Professionalitet" - Method of Closure of the Region's Staff Deficiency
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Β«ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΒ» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ.The article considers the federal program "Professionalitet" as one of the options for closing the personnel shortage in the region. Modern educational technologies and their effectiveness are compared, promising types of interactions between industry partners and colleges in the implementation of the project are presented
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Statistical Properties and Predictability of Extreme Epileptic Events
The use of extreme events theory for the analysis of spontaneous epileptic brain activity is a relevant multidisciplinary problem. It allows deeper understanding of pathological brain functioning and unraveling mechanisms underlying the epileptic seizure emergence along with its predictability. The latter is a desired goal in epileptology which might open the way for new therapies to control and prevent epileptic attacks. With this goal in mind, we applied the extreme event theory for studying statistical properties of electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of WAG/Rij rats with genetic predisposition to absence epilepsy. Our approach allowed us to reveal extreme events inherent in this pathological spiking activity, highly pronounced in a particular frequency range. The return interval analysis showed that the epileptic seizures exhibit a highly-structural behavior during the active phase of the spiking activity. Obtained results evidenced a possibility for early (up to 7 s) prediction of epileptic seizures based on consideration of EEG statistical properties
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Ρ in vitro Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
The aim of this study was to identify features of the expression of pro-inflammatory and co-stimulatory moleculesΒ on the surface of macrophages in vitro in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, depending on the clinical form ofΒ the disease and sensitivity of the pathogen to anti-TB drugs.Materials and methods. 40 patients (36 men and 4 women) with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were examined:Β 18 patients (16 men and 2 women, average age (44.56 Β± 8.10) years) with disseminated tuberculosis (DTB) andΒ Β 22 patients (20 men and 2 women, average age (46.54 Β± 5.24) years) with infiltrative tuberculosis (ITB). Of those,Β 30 patients secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) sensitive to the basic anti-TB drugs (ATBD), and 10Β patients secreted MBT resistant to first-line anti-TB drugs. Venous blood was the study material. To isolateΒ monocytes from the whole blood in order to transform them into macrophages, ficoll density gradient centrifugationΒ with gradient density of 1.077 g/cm3 was used followed by immunomagnetic separation of CD14+ cells. MonocytesΒ were cultured in a complete culture medium X-VIVO 10 with gentamicin and phenol red with the addition of theΒ macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (5 ng/ml) at a concentration of 1Γ106 cells/ml with the followingΒ stimulators: interleukin (IL) 4 (10 ng/ml) and interferon (IFN) Ξ³ (100 ng/ml). Immunophenotyping of macrophagesΒ was performed using monoclonal antibodies to CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR on a Beckman Coulter CytoFLEX LXΒ flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the CytExpert 2.0Β software application. The results were analyzed using statistical methods.Results. The number of intact and cytokine-stimulated (IL-4 and IFNΞ³) CD80-positive macrophages in patientsΒ with ITB and drug-resistant TB (DR TB) exceeded their number not only in healthy donors, but also in patientsΒ with DTB and drug-sensitive TB (DS TB), respectively. In addition, an increase in CD86 expression on the surfaceΒ of macrophages was registered in patients with ITB and DR TB after adding IFNΞ³ (M1-activation inducer) to theΒ suspension culture. In contrast, in patients with DTB and DS TB, the number of macrophages with expression ofΒ B7 family co-stimulating molecules decreased or remained within the normal values in the absence of a reaction toΒ cytokines during cytokine induction. Deficiency of HLA-DR-positive macrophages was found in all TB patients.Β The minimal number of macrophages expressing HLA-DR was found in patients with DTB and DS TB after cellΒ incubation with IL-4 (M2-activation inducer).Conclusion. Evaluation of the expression of B7 (CD80/86) and HLA-DR membrane molecules on macrophages inΒ TB patients allows to conclude that anti-TB immune response is impaired at stages of antigen presentation (in allΒ examined patients with TB) and co-stimulation (in DTB and DS TB). An increase in the expression of macrophageΒ surface molecules CD80 (with M1- and M2-stimulation) and CD86 (with M1-stimulation) in patients with ITB andΒ DR TB indicates an increase in cell reactivity in these forms of TB. In addition, deficit of expression of HLA-DRΒ (a key marker of pro-inflammatory cell activation) on the surface of macrophages in TB can be considered as aΒ general (independent of the clinical form of the disease and drug sensitivity of the pathogen) pathogenetic factor ofΒ immune imbalance in pulmonary tuberculosis.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π½Π°Β ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Ρ
in vitro Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 40 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (36 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 4 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ): 18Β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(ΠΠ’Π) (16 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 2 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ,Β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ (44,56 Β± 8,10) Π»Π΅Ρ) ΠΈΒ 22 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(ΠΠ’Π) (20 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 2 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΒ (46,54 Β± 5,24) Π»Π΅Ρ) c ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π’Π). ΠΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ 30 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
MycobacteriumΒ tuberculosis (MBT), ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ (ΠΠ’Π‘), ΠΈ 10 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
MBT, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΒ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 15 Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΒ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΒ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΒ 1,077 Π³/ΡΠΌ3 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ CD14+ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ X-VIVO 10 Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² (M-CSF)Β (5 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ») Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 1Γ106 ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ/ΠΌΠ» ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ: ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (IL) 4 (10 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ») ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΒ (IFN) Ξ³ (100 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ»).Β ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊ CD80, CD86, HLA-DR Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Beckman Coulter CytoFLEX LX (Beckman Coulter,Β Π‘Π¨Π). ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ CytExpert 2.0Β (Beckman Coulter, Π‘Π¨Π). ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (IL-4 ΠΈ IFNΞ³) CD80- ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ Π’Π (ΠΠ£ Π’Π)Β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Β Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π’Π (ΠΠ§ Π’Π) ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ ΠΠ£ Π’Π ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ CD86 Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ IFNΞ³ (ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π1-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ). Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ ΠΠ§ Π’Π ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²Β Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π7 ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ², ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ HLA-DR-ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Β ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π’Π. ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Β HLADR, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ ΠΠ§ Π’Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ IL-4 (ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΒ Π2-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» B7 (CD80/86) ΠΈ HLA-DR Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Ρ
Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β Π’Π ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π° (Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π’Π) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ ΠΠ§ Π’Π). Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» CD80 (ΠΏΡΠΈ Π1- ΠΈ Π2-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΈΒ CD86 (ΠΏΡΠΈ Π1-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ) ΡΒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ ΠΠ£ Π’Π ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π’Π.Β ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Ρ
HLA-DR (ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ) ΠΏΡΠΈ Π’Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ (Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΒ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
.
Thermochemistry of heteroatomic compounds X. The thermochemistry of solution and solvation of substituted alkylphosphonic derivatives
The enthalpies of vaporization of different classes of phosphorylated alcohols and amines were determined from their enthalpies of solution in hexane and carbon tetrachloride. The enthalpies of specific (hydrogen-bond) interaction with the solvents (chloroform and pyridine) of derivatives containing X-H groups (X=O or N) in the Ξ±-position to the P=O group were detemined. The results were explained in terms of the spatial structure of such compounds
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