15,022 research outputs found
Is it possible to accommodate massive photons in the framework of a gauge-invariant electrodynamics?
The construction of an alternative electromagnetic theory that preserves
Lorentz and gauge symmetries, is considered. We start off by building up
Maxwell electrodynamics in (3+1)D from the assumption that the associated
Lagrangian is a gauge-invariant functional that depends on the electron and
photon fields and their first derivatives only. In this scenario, as
well-known, it is not possible to set up a Lorentz invariant gauge theory
containing a massive photon. We show nevertheless that there exist two
radically different electrodynamics, namely, the Chern-Simons and the Podolsky
formulations, in which this problem can be overcome. The former is only valid
in odd space-time dimensions, while the latter requires the presence of
higher-order derivatives of the gauge field in the Lagrangian. This theory,
usually known as Podolsky electrodynamics, is simultaneously gauge and Lorentz
invariant; in addition, it contains a massive photon. Therefore, a massive
photon, unlike the popular belief, can be adequately accommodated within the
context of a gauge-invariant electrodynamics.Comment: 10 page
Spatial-temporal evolution of the current filamentation instability
The spatial-temporal evolution of the purely transverse current filamentation
instability is analyzed by deriving a single partial differential equation for
the instability and obtaining the analytical solutions for the spatially and
temporally growing current filament mode. When the beam front always encounters
fresh plasma, our analysis shows that the instability grows spatially from the
beam front to the back up to a certain critical beam length; then the
instability acquires a purely temporal growth. This critical beam length
increases linearly with time and in the non-relativistic regime it is
proportional to the beam velocity. In the relativistic regime the critical
length is inversely proportional to the cube of the beam Lorentz factor
. Thus, in the ultra-relativistic regime the instability
immediately acquires a purely temporal growth all over the beam. The analytical
results are in good agreement with multidimensional particle-in-cell
simulations performed with OSIRIS. Relevance of current study to recent and
future experiments on fireball beams is also addressed
Berry phases and zero-modes in toroidal topological insulator
An effective Hamiltonian describing the surface states of a toroidal
topological insulator is obtained, and it is shown to support both bound-states
and charged zero-modes. Actually, the spin connection induced by the toroidal
curvature can be viewed as an position-dependent effective vector potential,
which ultimately yields the zero-modes whose wave-functions harmonically
oscillate around the toroidal surface. In addition, two distinct Berry phases
are predicted to take place by the virtue of the toroidal topology.Comment: New version, accepted for publication in EPJB, 6 pages, 1 figur
R-matrices of three-state Hamiltonians solvable by Coordinate Bethe Ansatz
We review some of the strategies that can be implemented to infer an
-matrix from the knowledge of its Hamiltonian. We apply them to the
classification achieved in arXiv:1306.6303, on three state -invariant
Hamiltonians solvable by CBA, focusing on models for which the -matrix is
not trivial.
For the 19-vertex solutions, we recover the -matrices of the well-known
Zamolodchikov--Fateev and Izergin--Korepin models. We point out that the
generalized Bariev Hamiltonian is related to both main and special branches
studied by Martins in arXiv:1303.4010, that we prove to generate the same
Hamiltonian. The 19-vertex SpR model still resists to the analysis, although we
are able to state some no-go theorems on its -matrix.
For 17-vertex Hamiltonians, we produce a new -matrix.Comment: 22 page
Electron trapping and acceleration by the plasma wakefield of a self-modulating proton beam
It is shown that co-linear injection of electrons or positrons into the
wakefield of the self-modulating particle beam is possible and ensures high
energy gain. The witness beam must co-propagate with the tail part of the
driver, since the plasma wave phase velocity there can exceed the light
velocity, which is necessary for efficient acceleration. If the witness beam is
many wakefield periods long, then the trapped charge is limited by beam loading
effects. The initial trapping is better for positrons, but at the acceleration
stage a considerable fraction of positrons is lost from the wave. For efficient
trapping of electrons, the plasma boundary must be sharp, with the density
transition region shorter than several centimeters. Positrons are not
susceptible to the initial plasma density gradient.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, 44 reference
Long-time evolution of magnetic fields in relativistic GRB shocks
We investigate the long-time evolution of magnetic fields generated by the
two-stream instability at ultra- and sub-relativistic astrophysical
collisionless shocks. Based on 3D PIC simulation results, we introduce a 2D toy
model of interacting current filaments. Within the framework of this model, we
demonstrate that the field correlation scale in the region far downstream the
shock grows nearly as the light crossing time, lambda(t) ~ ct, thus making the
diffusive field dissipation inefficient. The obtained theoretical scaling is
tested using numerical PIC simulations. This result extends our understanding
of the structure of collisionless shocks in gamma-ray bursts and other
astrophysical objects.Comment: 5 pages. 2 figures. Submitted to ApJ
Whirling Waves and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect for Relativistic Spinning Particles
The formulation of Berry for the Aharonov-Bohm effect is generalized to the
relativistic regime. Then, the problem of finding the self-adjoint extensions
of the (2+1)-dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian, in an Aharonov-Bohm background
potential, is solved in a novel way. The same treatment also solves the problem
of finding the self-adjoint extensions of the Dirac Hamiltonian in a background
Aharonov-Casher
Determinação da época de colheita de linhagens de arroz irrigado desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento da Embrapa.
Esse trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o momento ideal de colheita de quatro linhagens de arroz irrigado desenvolvidas pela Embrapa em processo final de avaliação.bitstream/CNPAF-2009-09/27594/1/comt_152.pd
Magnetically assisted self-injection and radiation generation for plasma based acceleration
It is shown through analytical modeling and numerical simulations that
external magnetic fields can relax the self-trapping thresholds in plasma based
accelerators. In addition, the transverse location where self-trapping occurs
can be selected by adequate choice of the spatial profile of the external
magnetic field. We also find that magnetic-field assisted self-injection can
lead to the emission of betatron radiation at well defined frequencies. This
controlled injection technique could be explored using state-of-the-art
magnetic fields in current/next generation plasma/laser wakefield accelerator
experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Plasma Physics and
Controlled Fusio
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