Quasi-Two-Dimensional Dynamics of Plasmas and Fluids

In the lowest order of approximation quasi-twa-dimensional dynamics of planetary atmospheres and of plasmas in a magnetic field can be described by a common convective vortex equation, the Charney and Hasegawa-Mirna (CHM) equation. In contrast to the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation, the CHM equation admits "shielded vortex solutions" in a homogeneous limit and linear waves ("Rossby waves" in the planetary atmosphere and "drift waves" in plasmas) in the presence of inhomogeneity. Because of these properties, the nonlinear dynamics described by the CHM equation provide rich solutions which involve turbulent, coherent and wave behaviors. Bringing in non ideal effects such as resistivity makes the plasma equation significantly different from the atmospheric equation with such new effects as instability of the drift wave driven by the resistivity and density gradient. The model equation deviates from the CHM equation and becomes coupled with Maxwell equations. This article reviews the linear and nonlinear dynamics of the quasi-two-dimensional aspect of plasmas and planetary atmosphere starting from the introduction of the ideal model equation (CHM equation) and extending into the most recent progress in plasma turbulence.U. S. Department of Energy DE-FG05-80ET-53088Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of JapanFusion Research Cente

Stakeholders’ views on effective employment support strategies for autistic university students and graduates entering the world of work

Purpose This paper aims to examine effective support strategies for facilitating the employment of autistic students and graduates by answering the following research question: What constitutes effective employment support for autistic students and graduates? Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using the method of empathy-based stories (MEBS) as part of a multinational European project's Web-based survey. The data consisted of 55 writings about effective strategies and 55 writings about strategies to ]avoid when working with autistic students and graduates. The material was analysed using qualitative inductive content analysis. Narratives were created to illustrate desirable and undesirable environments and processes as they would be experienced by students, supported by original excerpts from the stories. Findings The analysis revealed that effective employment support for autistic students and graduates comprised three dimensions of support activity: practices based on the form and environment of support, social interaction support and autism acceptance and awareness. These dimensions were present in both recommended and not recommended support strategy writings. Originality/value The results add to the literature on autism and employment with its focus on the novel context of autistic university students and graduates. Effective strategies will be based on person-centred planning, to include not only the individual impact of autism but also individual career goals, workplace characteristics in the chosen field, employer needs and allocation of the right support. There is no one-size-fits-all strategy, but rather an individualized process is needed, focused on the identification of strengths, the adaptation of employment and work processes and improved understanding and acceptance of autism by management, colleagues and administration in the workplace.Peer reviewe

GYRO Simulations of Core Momentum Transport in DIII-D and JET Plasmas

Momentum, energy, and particle transport in DIII-D and JET ELMy H-mode plasmas is simulated with GYRO and compared with measurements analyzed using TRANSP. The simulated transport depends sensitively on the nabla(T(sub)i) turbulence drive and the nabla(E(sub)r) turbulence suppression inputs. With their nominal values indicated by measurements, the simulations over-predict the momentum and energy transport in the DIII-D plasmas, and under-predict in the JET plasmas. Reducing |nabla(T(sub)i)| and increasing |nabla(E(sub)r)| by up to 15% leads to approximate agreement (within a factor of two) for the DIII-D cases. For the JET cases, increasing |nabla(T(sub)i)| or reducing |nabla(E(sub)r)| results in approximate agreement for the energy flow, but the ratio of the simulated energy and momentum flows remains higher than measurements by a factor of 2-4

Опыт применения гексэтидина у детей с острым тонзиллофарингитом

We observed 50 children aged 3 to 15 years, admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of acute respiratory disease, occurring in all children with clinical manifestations of acute tonsillopharyngitis, half of the children — with symptoms of rhinitis and laryngotracheitis, tracheobronchitis and bronchitis. In the group of children receiving hexetidine (25) had a significantly faster compared to the control group (25), reducing the duration of symptoms such as redness and pain in the throat. The presence of hexetidine antiviral and antibacterial activity allows the physician to refrain from the immediate purpose of the course of antibiotic therapy, and allows time for her studies.Под наблюдением находилось 50 детей в возрасте от 3-х до 15 лет, госпитализированных в стационар с диагнозом «острое респираторное заболевание», протекавшее у всех детей с клиническими проявлениями острого тонзиллофарингита, у половины детей — с явлениями ринита, а также ларинготрахеита, трахеобронхита и бронхита. В группе детей, получающих гексэтидин (Гексорал®) (25), отмечалось достоверно более быстрое, по сравнению с контрольной группой (25), уменьшение продолжительности таких симптомов как гиперемия и боль в горле. Наличие у гекcэтидина противовирусной и антибактериальной активности позволяет врачу воздержаться от немедленного назначения курса антибактериальной терапии и дает время для ее обоснования (бак. посев на БГСА, Streptatest, АСЛ-О)

Do international institutions matter? Socialization and international bureaucrats

A key component of (neo-)functionalist and constructivist approaches to the study of international organizations concerns staff socialization. Existing analyses of how, or indeed whether, staff develop more pro-internationalist attitudes over time draw predominantly on cross-sectional data. Yet, such data cannot address (self-)selection issues or capture the inherently temporal nature of attitude change. This article proposes an innovative approach to the study of international socialization using an explicitly longitudinal design. Analysing two waves of a large-scale survey conducted within the European Commission in 2008 and 2014, it examines the beliefs and values of the same individuals over time and exploits exogenous organizational changes to identify causal effects. Furthermore, the article theorizes and assesses specified scope conditions affecting socialization processes. Showing that international institutions do, in fact, influence value acquisition by individual bureaucrats, our results contest the widely held view that international organizations are not a socializing environment. Our analysis also demonstrates that age at entry and gender significantly affect the intensity of such value change

Значение индукторов интерферона в лечении и профилактике респираторных инфекций

The data on the causal effects of interferons (IFN) and interferon inductors on a wide range of respiratory viruses and stimulate the immune system. The mechanism of action of interferon inductors, provides an assessment of the efficacy and safety of domestic drug Amixin® (tiloron) for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza in adults and children over 7 years. Application of Amixin® reduced the duration of the main symptoms of the disease contributed to the normalization of the immune status, reduced the incidence of SARS and influenza complications. Appointment of Amixin® in children older than 7 years with chronic herpes virus infection, has contributed to the clinical and laboratory remission and improvement of lymphocyte subpopulation composition.Представлены данные о этиотропном воздействии интерферонов (ИФН) и индукторов интерферона на широкий спектр респираторных вирусов и стимуляции иммунитета. Показан механизм действия индуктора интерферона, представлена оценка эффективности и безопасности отечественного препарата Амиксин® (тилорон) для лечения и профилактики ОРВИ и гриппа у взрослых и детей старше 7 лет. Применение Амиксина сокращало длительность основных симптомов заболевания, способствовало нормализации иммунного статуса, снижало частоту развития осложнений ОРВИ и гриппа. Назначение Амиксина при хронической герпесвирусной инфекции у детей старше 7 лет способствовало возникновению клинико-лабораторной ремиссии и улучшению субпопуляционного состава лимфоцитов