BETAINE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR VARIOUS CLINICAL DISORDERS

  Betaine is distributed widely in animals, plants, and microorganisms and rich dietary sources include seafood, especially marine invertebrates. Betaine is N-trimethylated amino acid called as glycine betaine. It is a by-product. Betaine aldehyde is produced when choline dehydrogenase acts on choline, then betaine aldehyde is oxidized to form betaine by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Metabolic derived betaines possess various functions in our body in which they act as methyl donor which helps in liver function, detoxication, and cellular functions. It plays an important role in fat metabolism. Recent research found that betaine can convert homocysteine to cysteine thus they prevent heart disease. Choline is oxidized to betaine in liver and kidney. Intracellular betaine serves as an osmolyte that regulates cell volume and tissue integrity. Betaine not only plays as an osmolyte but also play a major role in the protection of the liver and other tissues. Consequently, it has been proposed that betaine has significant nutrient for prevention of chronic disease. Betaine has been shown to protect internal organs, improve vascular risk factors, and enhance performance. Databases of betaine content in food are being developed for correlation with population health studies. This review focuses on the aspects of wide research field with emphasis on a recent data relevant to various human diseases

Malicious-URL Detection using Logistic Regression Technique

Over the last few years, the Web has seen a massive growth in the number and kinds of web services. Web facilities such as online banking, gaming, and social networking have promptly evolved as has the faith upon them by people to perform daily tasks. As a result, a large amount of information is uploaded on a daily to the Web. As these web services drive new opportunities for people to interact, they also create new opportunities for criminals. URLs are launch pads for any web attacks such that any malicious intention user can steal the identity of the legal person by sending the malicious URL. Malicious URLs are a keystone of Internet illegitimate activities. The dangers of these sites have created a mandates for defences that protect end-users from visiting them. The proposed approach is that classifies URLs automatically by using Machine-Learning algorithm called logistic regression that is used to binary classification. The classifiers achieves 97% accuracy by learning phishing URLs

Structural and physical properties of SrMn1−xRuxO3SrMn_{1-x}Ru_xO_3 perovskites

We combine the results of magnetic and transport measurements with neutron diffraction data to construct the structural and magnetic phase diagram of the entire family of SrMn$_{1-x}$Ru$_{x}$O$_3$ ($0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1$) perovskites. We have found antiferromagnetic ordering of the C type for lightly Ru-substituted materials ($0.06 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.5$) in a similar manner to $R_{y}$Sr$_{1-y}$MnO$_3$ ($R$=La, Pr), due to the generation of Mn$^{3+}$ in both families of manganite perovskites by either $B$-site substitution of Ru$^{5+}$ for Mn$^{4+}$ or $A$-site substitution of $R^{3+}$ for Sr$^{2+}$. This similarity is driven by the same ratio of $d^4$ / $d^3$ ions in both classes of materials for equivalent substitution level. In both cases, a tetragonal lattice distortion is observed, which for some compositions ($0.06 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.2$) is coupled to a C-type AF transition and results in a first order magnetic and resistive transition. Heavily substituted SrMn$_{1-x}$Ru$_{x}$O$_3$ materials are ferromagnetic due to dominating exchange interactions between the Ru$^{4+}$ ions. Intermediate substitution ($0.6 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.7$) leads to a spin-glass behavior instead of a quantum critical point reported previously in single crystals, due to enhanced disorder.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY OF THE SEA GRASS CYMODOCEACEA FAMILY– A REVIEW

Cymodoceaceae is a family of flowering plants, sometimes known as the manatee-grass family,†the family Cymodoceaceae includes only marine species. The angiosperm phylogeny II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recognize Cymodoceaceae and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. They are marine hydrophytes that grow and complete their life cycle in a submerged condition, in a saline environment. Like terrestrial plant they obtain their energy from light through photosynthesis thus, they grow only in clear and shallow water, and at the suitable condition, they form beds or meadows. The family includes five genera, totalling 16 species of marine plants occurring in tropical seas and oceans (so-called seagrasses). Cymodoceaceae consist of five genera such as Amphibolis, Cymodocea, Halodule, Syringodium, and Thalassodendron. In this genera Cymodocea rotundata Ehrenb. and Hempr. Ex Asch. Cymodocea serrulata, (R.Br.) Asch. and Magnus, Halodule pinifolia (Miki) Hartog, Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Asch and Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) are the species mostly adopted in Indian coastal region. These seagrass species have unique nature and wide application to the environment including human being. In this article botanical aspects, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology of these five seagrass species belong to Cymodoceaceae family will be discussed

DETERMINATION OF PHYTOCOMPONENTS IN ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BRASSICA OLERACEA - USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE

Objectives: Bioactive components determined by plants are known to have a broad application in the medical field. The focus of this study is to recognize the phytochemicals in the ethanol extract of Brassica oleracea by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Methods: B. oleracea was collected, dried, and powdered well. The extraction was done with the solvent ethanol. The extract was exposed to column of GC-MS-QP 2010 (SHIMADZU) column Db 30.0 (0.25 μm in diameter, 0.25 μm thick). Results: GC–MS result provides the chromatogram with different peaks obtained at a different retention time shows the presence of various biocompounds. Some of the identified bioactive compounds are n-hexadecanoic acid (12.99%), phytol (2.40%), Vitamin E (3.38%), tetratetracontane (2.15%), stigmasterol (2.03%), and isophytol. Conclusion: The GC–MS study of the ethanol extract of B. oleracea reveals the existence of many potential compounds that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry, including the use of anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, anticoronary, and antidiabetic agents

Effectiveness of music therapy on postpartum blues among primi postnatal mothers in postnatal ward at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai

Title: Effectiveness of music therapy on postpartum blues among primi postnatal mothers in postnatal ward at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Objectives: To assess the level of postpartum blues score among primi postnatal mothers in postnatal ward. To evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on postpartum blues score among primi postnatal mothers in postnatal ward. To associate the level of the postpartum blues score among primi postnatal mothers with their selected demographic and obstetric variables. Hypotheses: There is a significant difference between postpartum blues score among primi postnatal mothers in experimental and control group in postnatal ward. There is a significant association between the level of postpartum blues among postnatal mothers with their selected socio demographic and obstetric variables in postnatal ward at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Conceptual frame work: Modified Ernestine Widenbech’s model of midwifery practice. Methodology: True Experimental Post test only design was used.60 mothers were selected through Simple random sampling technique by using Flip the coin method from postnatal ward in Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Findings: Music therapy reduced the level of postpartum blues in primi postnatal mother. There was a significant association between post test level of postpartum blues and age in years, weeks of gestation, stressful events during pregnancy, obstetric outcome among primi postnatal mothers.post test showed statistically highly significant at P<0.001 level. Conclusion: This study concluded that music therapy is cost effective, non invasive, non pharmacological complementary and alternative therapy to reduce the level of postpartum blues among primi postnatal mother

Design and Implementation of Image Compression Encoder using Orthogonal Approximation DCT

Image Compression is usually carried out using discrete cosine transform (DCT) because compressed image using DCT will take less memory to store the image and quality of the image will be good compared JPEG and HEVC. But, in this work an attempt is made to achieve compression using Approximation DCT (ADCT). ADCT is useful for reducing its computational complexity without affecting its coding performance. It provides better image and video compression compared to the DCT. ADCT is orthogonal and it has lower structural complexity compared to DCT. The unique feature of the ADCT is that it could be configured for the computation of the 32 point ADCT or for parallel computation of two16 point ADCTs or four 8 points ADCTs. It has many advantages in terms of orthogonality, structural simplicity and lower computational complexity. The proposed ADCT is implemented using Verilog and Simulated by ModelSim and synthesized by Xilinx ISE 9.1i. Results are compared with 16 point ADCT with 16 point DCT implementation. The target device is XC5vtx330t-2ff1738. The 16 point ADCT implementation results in a saving of 28.37% IOBs and 63% of LUTs, compared to existing 16 point DCT implementation

Rhodium Doped Manganites : Ferromagnetism and Metallicity

The possibility to induce ferromagnetism and insulator to metal transitions in small A site cation manganites Ln_{1-x}Ca_xMnO_3 by rhodium doping is shown for the first time. Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) properties are evidenced for a large compositional range (0.35 \leq x < 0.60). The ability of rhodium to induce such properties is compared to the results obtained by chromium and ruthenium doping. Models are proposed to explain this behavior.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Abruptio placenta retrospective study: maternal and fetal outcome

Background: Placental abruption is the most common cause of antepartum haemorrhage. Incidence appears to be increasing due to increase in prevalence of risk factors like age, parity, anaemia, poor nutrition, Preeclampsia, PROM, previous MTP. Abruption may be partial or total. Pain and Vaginal bleeding hallmark of abruption.Methods: Retrospective observational study carried out during period of October 2017 to October 2018 at Govt Theni medical college- tertiary care institute. To investigate incidence, cause, maternal and perinatal outcome. Maternal Data includes incidence, age, parity, gestational age, risk factors, intra-operative events, amount of blood loss. Other causes of APH-Placenta praevia and extra-placental causes are excluded. Neonatal data includes Term/preterm, Birth weight, NICU admission, perinatal morbidity and mortality.Results: Total number of deliveries from October 2017 to September 2018 were 7010. Total number of abruptio placenta cases were 55. This study shows increased incidence of severe preeclampsia with abruption. Increasing age as predisposing factor. Mean age of abruption was 26-30 years mainly seen in term pregnancy. Mode of delivery varied. Major complication were PPH and shock managed with blood products.Conclusions: This study reveals increasing age, parity, severe preeclampsia are risk factors. Routine and regular antenatal checkup early detection and correction of Preeclampsia, anemia helps to deduce no of abruption and improving maternal and fetal outcome though maternal morbidity is reduced with modern management of abruption, Timely diagnosis and intervention is necessary. Team efforts by obstetricians, anesthetist and neonatologist is required for better maternal and fetal outcome

IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN CYMODOCEA SERRULATA-A SEAGRASS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the lead phytocompounds present in the ethanol extract of the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: 1 kg of C. serrulata whole seagrass powder was subjected to extraction on polarity basis using five solvent such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. Since ethanol extract showed a maximum antioxidant property, its phytochemicals were investigated using GCMS technique. The phytocompounds identified through GC were interpreted with mass spectra national institute standard and technology library.Result: The GCMS analysis of ethanol extract of C. serrulata identified peaks of six different compounds they are hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.70%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (4.11%), tetradecanoic acid (62.89%), pentadecanoic acid(62.89%), cholesta4, 6dien3ol (5.88%), and stigmasterol (19.42%).Conclusion: The GCMS study of C. serrulata ethanol extract unveils the presence of bioactive compounds that have a pharmacological and nutraceutical values