181 research outputs found
The Petrophytic Steppes of the Urals: Diversity and Ecological Drivers
The diversity and main compositional patterns of the petrophytic steppes of the Urals were studied. Two questions were considered in detail: (i) How rich is the phytocoenotic diversity of the petrophytic steppes? and (ii) What kind of ecological drivers determine its differentiation? A dataset of 1,025 relevΓ©s was compiled,representing communities of different climatic and geological conditions. Using formalized classification (TWINSPAN algorithm), eight vegetation types on the petrophytic steppes were defined. DCA-ordination was used to determine the main ecological drivers (both climatic and edaphic) of plant communitiesβ diversity. Among them are mean annual temperature and precipitation, aridity, rockiness and local habitat moisture. The interaction of different ecological and geographical factors leads to high levels of floristic and coenotic diversity of vegetation in dry rocky habitats.
Keywords: petrophytic steppes, ecological drivers, ordination, Southern Ural
Creation of the territory of the advancing socio-economic development as a way to diversify the economy of a single-industry city
In the scientific work the definition of the concept of βsingle-industry cityβ is given, its criteria and characteristics are highlighted.The necessity of state support in the development of single-industry towns is substantiated. It is proved that one of the main ways to assist in the diversification of the economy of single-industry towns is the creation of territories of advanced socio-economic development in them, which are characterized by special conditions and have their own characteristic
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Π±Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ (ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅)
Massive lymphorrhea can cause severe dysfunction of organs and systems and result in death due to loss of vital metabolites from the bodyAim. To demonstrate low efficacy of conservative therapy and late lymph duct ligation in continuous massive postoperative lymphorrhea.Results. We treated a patient with previous subtotal gastric resection with single-plane pancreatic resection, D2 lymph node dissection, peritoneal draining due to poorly differentiated carcinoma in the lower third of stomach and total hysterectomy who developed external lymphorrhea through peritoneal drainage tubes 3 days after surgery. A fat-rich diet, endolymphatic sodium etamsylate administration, and lymphatic duct ligation were not successful in terminating the lymph leakage. Despite the intensive care including extracorporeal detoxification, the multi-organ failure progressed and on day 28 after the surgery the patient was pronounced dead.Conclusion. Damage to lymph ducts and lymph nodes can be complicated by massive lymphorrhea. If the source of lymphorrhea can be identified, an urgent surgical intervention is warranted to stop the lymph leakage, as well as the restoration of homeostasis to replenish the lost metabolites and prevent death of the patient.ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ D2, Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° (T4aNoMo) ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 3 Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΆΠΈ Π² Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎΡ-Π³Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° 28-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ.
In this paper, we present nomenclatural novelties required in the course of the preparation of the second, revised version of the checklist of vascular plants of Asian Russia. The first version was published in 2012 (Baikov 2012). At the family level, we accepted the modern classification systems (APG IV for flowering plants, PPG I for lycophytes and ferns, and GPG for gymnosperms). At the genus level, we follow the generic concepts applied for particular taxonomic groups according to the Catalogue of Life (COL; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/), version COL23.5. At the species level, we consistently apply the monotypic species concept (also known in Russia as Komarovβs concept). In total, this paper presents one new nothogenus name (Γ Sibirotrisetokoeleria Chepinoga nom. nov., Poaceae) and 156 new names in the rank of species, in 28 families: Amaranthaceae Juss. (1 name), Amaryllidaceae J.Β St.-Hil. (1), Apiaceae Lindl. (2), Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl (12), Boraginaceae Juss. (4), Caryophyllaceae Juss. (11), Crassulaceae J.Β St.-Hill. (3), Cyperaceae Juss. (8), Ericaceae Juss. (2), Fabaceae Lindl. (16), Gentianaceae Juss. (1), Geraniaceae Juss. (1), Juncaceae Juss. (1), Lamiaceae Martinov (1), Menyanthaceae Dumort. (1), Orchidaceae Juss. (1), Orobanchaceae Vent. (1), Papaveraceae Juss. (4), Plantaginaceae Juss. (1), Poaceae Barnhart (49), Polygonaceae Juss. (4), Primulaceae Batsch. ex Borkh. (6), Ranunculaceae Juss. (4), Rosaceae Juss. (5), Salicaceae Mirb. (2), Saxifragaceae Juss. (11), Vitaceae Juss. (1), Zygophyllaceae R.Β Br. (2 names)
ΠΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Purpose:Β to evaluate the influence of postoperative lymphatic leakage volume and duration on homokinesis and incidence of postoperative complications in oncosurgury patients underwent different operative interventions.Material and methods.Β The results of treatment of 310 patients subjected to standard elective surgical intervention for a malignant pathology of different organs with regional lymph node dissection were evaluated. The selection criterion was prolonged (more than 7 days) and prominent (over 50 ml a day) lymphatic leakage during the postoperative period. The fluid discharged during the postoperative period was identified as a lymph by cytology. The diagnosis of a malignant pathology was verified in all patients after histological examination and patients were distributed according to established diagnosis.Results.Β The duration of lymphatic leakage including the outpatient treatment stage varied from 9 days to 1 year and 2 months depending on the type of surgery. The longest lymphatic leakage occurred in 2 patients after radical mastectomy. During the 1st week of observation in patients with daily lymph losses up to 100 ml, no changes in the blood composition were noted. Prolonged lymphatic leakage (1β2 weeks after operation) in a volume over 100 ml a day resulted in reduced protein content in blood plasma, severe lymphocytopenia, increased platelet count. During the postoperative period, complications were detected in 31 patients; at that, during the 1st week of observation, 27 patients experienced initial lymphatic leakage over 100 ml a day. Analysis of fatal outcomes (7 patients) showed that in all patients the lymphatic leakage exceeded 150 ml a day and lasted 1 to 2 weeks. The longest inpatient time was typical for patients after Wertheim's hysterectomy and cystectomy, whereas the longest outpatient treatment was experienced by patients after radical mastectomy and inguinofemoral lymph node dissection.Conclusion.Β In case of lymphatic leakage over 100 ml a day in oncosurgury patients, it was necessary to make up protein losses and after 7 days of persistent lymphatic leakage it became necessary to consider use of active surgical tactics aimed at liquidation of lymph losses.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ:Β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Π· ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ.Β ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 310 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 7 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ) ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ (Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50 ΠΌΠ» Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ) Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ.Β ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΎΡ 9 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 1 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° 2 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Ρ 2-Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1-ΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 100 ΠΌΠ» ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ (1β2 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 100 ΠΌΠ» Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ 31 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ 27 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1-ΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 100 ΠΌΠ» Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (7 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° 150 ΠΌΠ» Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 2 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.Β ΠΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 100 ΠΌΠ» Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 7 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ
Thermal Conductivity of Methane-Hydrate
The thermal conductivity of the methane hydrate CH4 (5.75 H2O) was measured
in the interval 2-140 K using the steady-state technique. The thermal
conductivity corresponding to a homogeneous substance was calculated from the
measured effective thermal conductivity obtained in the experiment. The
temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is typical for the thermal
conductivity of amorphous solids. It is shown that after separation of the
hydrate into ice and methane, at 240 K, the thermal conductivity of the ice
exhibits a dependence typical of heavily deformed fine-grain polycrystal. The
reason for the glass-like behavior in the thermal conductivity of clathrate
compounds has been discussed. The experimental results can be interpreted
within the phenomenological soft-potential model with two fitting parameters.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
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