PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF MEDICALLY SIGNIFICANT CRUDE EXTRACT USING GC-MS ANALYSIS

Objective: The objective of this research is to identify the phytochemical constitutions present in Natural crude extract which obtained from Thumlappati district.Methods: Kidney stone is one of the most clinical disorder arising nowadays. They are existing due to the depletion of the urine and disproportionate execration of the components such as oxalate, phosphate, uric, cysteine, and struvite. Many alopathy medicine are not effectively curable in the case of kidney stone, consequently people are in need of traditional medicine system. Thus there is a great demand for research on potential inhibitor from natural products for dissolving kidney stone. In present work deals with an unknown crude extract collected from G. Thumlappati, Battalagundu Dindugal district Tamil Nadu. The crude extract of phytochemical are analyzed by using GCMS method.Results: Thus the sample has some bioactive compound to discharge the stone particles. So we subjected the crude extract sample to GC-MS process which reveals 210 compounds in 21 different peaks.Conclusion: This studies forms a basis for the biological characterization and importance of bioactive compounds were identified

HOPX functions as a tumour suppressor in head and neck cancer.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is generalized term that encompasses a diverse group of cancers that includes tumours of the oral cavity (OSCC), oropharynx (OPSCC) and nasopharynx (NPC). Genetic alterations that are common to all HNSCC types are likely to be important for squamous carcinogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the role of the homeodomain-only homeobox gene, HOPX, in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. We show that HOPX mRNA levels are reduced in OSCC and NPC cell lines and tissues and there is a general reduction of HOPX protein expression in these tumours and OPSCCs. HOPX promoter methylation was observed in a subset of HNSCCs and was associated with a worse overall survival in HPV negative tumours. RNAseq analysis of OSCC cells transfected with HOPX revealed a widespread deregulation of the transcription of genes related to epithelial homeostasis and ectopic over-expression of HOPX in OSCC and NPC cells inhibited cell proliferation, plating efficiency and migration, and enhanced sensitivity to UVA-induced apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that HOPX functions as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC and suggest a central role for HOPX in suppressing epithelial carcinogenesis

Analysis of repairable M[X]/(G1,G2)/1 - feedback retrial G-queue with balking and starting failures under at most J vacations

In this paper, we discuss the steady state analysis of a batch arrival feedback retrial queue with two types of services and negative customers. Any arriving batch of positive customers finds the server is free, one of the customers from the batch enters into the service area and the rest of them get into the orbit. The negative customer, is arriving during the service time of a positive customer, will remove the positive customer in-service and the interrupted positive customer either enters the orbit or leaves the system. If the orbit is empty at the service completion of each type of service, the server takes at most J vacations until at least one customer is received in the orbit when the server returns from a vacation. While the busy server may breakdown at any instant and the service channel may fail for a short interval of time. The steady state probability generating function for the system size is obtained by using the supplementary variable method. Numerical illustrations are discussed to see the effect of the system parameters

Analysis of repairable M[X]/(G1,G2)/1 - feedback retrial G-queue with balking and starting failures under at most J vacations

In this paper, we discuss the steady state analysis of a batch arrival feedback retrial queue with two types of service and negative customers. Any arriving batch of positive customers finds the server is free, one of the customers from the batch enters into the service area and the rest of them join into the orbit. The negative customer, arriving during the service time of a positive customer, will remove the positive customer in-service and the interrupted positive customer either enters into the orbit or leaves the system. If the orbit is empty at the service completion of each type of service, the server takes at most J vacations until at least one customer is received in the orbit when the server returns from a vacation. The busy server may breakdown at any instant and the service channel will fail for a short interval of time. The steady state probability generating function for the system size is obtained by using the supplementary variable method. Numerical illustrations are discussed to see the effect of system parameters

5′-Inositol phosphatase SHIP2 recruits Mena to stabilize invadopodia for cancer cell invasion

Invadopodia are specialized membrane protrusions that support degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cancer cells, allowing invasion and metastatic spread. Although early stages of invadopodia assembly have been elucidated, little is known about maturation of invadopodia into structures competent for ECM proteolysis. The localized conversion of phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-triphosphate and accumulation of phosphatidylinositol(3,4)-bisphosphate at invadopodia is a key determinant for invadopodia maturation. Here we investigate the role of the 5′-inositol phosphatase, SHIP2, and reveal an unexpected scaffold function of SHIP2 as a prerequisite for invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation. Through biochemical and structure-function analyses, we identify specific interactions between SHIP2 and Mena, an Ena/VASP-family actin regulatory protein. We demonstrate that SHIP2 recruits Mena, but not VASP, to invadopodia and that disruption of SHIP2–Mena interaction in cancer cells leads to attenuated capacity for ECM degradation and invasion in vitro, as well as reduced metastasis in vivo. Together, these findings identify SHIP2 as a key modulator of carcinoma invasiveness and a target for metastatic disease

Analysis of an M[X]/G/1 Feedback Retrial Queue with Two Phase Service, Bernoulli Vacation, Delaying Repair and Orbit Search

In this paper, we considered a batch arrival feedback retrial queue with two phase of service under Bernoulli vacation schedule and orbit search. At the arrival epoch of a batch, if the server is busy, under repair or on vacation then the whole batch joins the orbit. Where as if the server is free, then one of the arriving customers starts his service immediately and the rest join the orbit. At the completion epoch of each service, the server either goes for a vacation or may wait for serving the next customer. While the server is working with any phase of service, it may breakdown at any instant and the service channel will fail for a short interval of time. The repair process does not start immediately after a breakdown and there is a delay time for repair to start. After vacation completion, the server searches for the customers in the orbit (i.e. customer in the orbit, if any taken for service immediately) or remains idle. The probability generating function of the number of customers in the system and orbit are found using the supplementary variable technique. The mean numbers of customers in the system/orbit and special cases are analyzed. The effects of various parameters on the performance measure are illustrated numerically. Keywords: Feedback, retrial queue, Bernoulli vacation, delaying repair, orbit searc

Insights into the ceria-catalyzed ketonization reaction for biofuels applications

The ketonization of small organic acids is a valuable reaction for biorenewable applications. Ceria has long been used as a catalyst for this reaction; however, under both liquid and vapor phase conditions, it was found that given the right temperature regime of about 150-300 °C, cerium oxide, which was previously believed to be a stable catalyst for ketonization, can undergo bulk transformations. This result, along with other literature reports, suggest that the long held belief of two separate reaction pathways for either bulk or surface ketonization reactions are not required to explain the interaction of cerium oxide with organic acids. X-ray photon spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and temperature programmed decomposition results supported the formation of metal acetates and explained the occurrence of cerium reduction as well as the formation of cerium oxide/acetate whiskers. After thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry and FT-IR experiments, a single reaction sequence is proposed that can be applied to either surface or bulk reactions with ceria

Current scenario of insect pests on jackfruit in Tamil Nadu

Studies on the seasonal incidence of pests and natural enemies in different Jackfruit cultivars revealed the presence of various pests and predators in the Jackfruit ecosystem. The major pests identified included the fruit and shoot borer (SFB), stem borer, mealybug, whitefly, spittle bug, bud weevil and fruit fly. At the same time, predatory coccinellid beetles were the key natural enemies. The fruit and shoot borer (8.92%), stem borer (0.21%), mealybugs (1.48%), bud weevil (19.28%) and whiteflies (17.78%) were less in Muttam varikkai followed by Palur 1- SFB (27.57%), stem borer (1.35%), mealybug (1.14%), whiteflies (18.21%) and bud weevil (17.92%). The Jackfruit cultivar, Muthandikuppam, was found to be more susceptible to insect pests, which recorded SFB (37.85%), mealybugs (2.42%), whitefly (35.50%) and bud weevil (26.42%). The chrysopa and coccinellids population was high in AH2 Muthandikuppam (4.00 and 17.68/tree) followed by AH15 Muthandikuppam (3.21 and 17.17/tree). Comparatively, the spiders were found high in Pechiparai 1 (11.78/tree), but in AH2 Muthandikuppam it was 7.35 per tree. The SFB, stem borer, mealybugs, whiteflies and bud weevil were more during hot weather and were positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature. In contrast, they are negatively correlated with other weather parameters, viz., rainfall, wind speed and relative humidity. The SFB incidence was recorded as high during maximum temperature (0.479) with high wind speed (0.502) and minimum temperature (0.577). The population of coccinellids beetles increased with maximum temperature (0.71), minimum temperature (0.706), high wind speed (0.312) and relative humidity (0.514)

Crk adaptor proteins act as key signaling integrators for breast tumorigenesis

INTRODUCTION: CT10 regulator of kinase (Crk) adaptor proteins (CrkI, CrkII and CrkL) play a role in integrating signals for migration and invasion of highly malignant breast cancer cell lines. This has important implications, as elevated CrkI/II protein levels were observed in a small cohort of breast cancer patients, which identified a potential role for Crk proteins in breast cancer progression. Numerous in vitro studies identified a role for Crk proteins in cell motility, but little is known about how Crk proteins contribute to breast cancer progression in vivo. METHODS: The clinical significance of Crk proteins in human breast cancer was assessed by analyzing published breast cancer datasets using a gene expression signature that was generated following CrkII over-expression and by examining Crk protein expression in tissue microarrays of breast tumors (n = 254). Stable knockdown of Crk (CrkI/CrkII/CrkL) proteins was accomplished using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated approach in two basal breast cancer cell lines, MDA-231 1833TR and SUM1315, where the former have a high affinity to form bone metastases. Both in vitro assays (cell migration, invasion, soft agar growth) and in vivo experiments (intra-cardiac, tibial and mammary fat pad injections) were performed to assess the functional significance of Crk proteins in breast cancer. RESULTS: A gene signature derived following CrkII over-expression correlated significantly with basal breast cancers and with high grade and poor outcome in general. Moreover, elevated Crk immunostaining on tissue microarrays revealed a significant association with highly proliferative tumors within the basal subtype. RNAi-mediated knockdown of all three Crk proteins in metastatic basal breast cancer cells established a continued requirement for Crk in cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastatic growth in vivo. Furthermore, Crk ablation suppressed anchorage independent growth and in vivo orthotopic tumor growth. This was associated with diminished cell proliferation and was rescued by expression of non-shRNA targeted CrkI/II. Perturbations in tumor progression correlated with altered integrin signaling, including decreased cell spreading, diminished p130Cas phosphorylation, and Cdc42 activation. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight the physiological importance of Crk proteins in regulating growth of aggressive basal breast cancer cells and identify Crk-dependent signaling networks as promising therapeutic targets