SPECTRUMS OF SUPERCONDUCTING STATES AND TRIPLET EFFECTS IN SUPERCONDUCTOR/FERROMAGNET MULTILAYERS

We report the results of studies of triplet superconductivity in structures with alternating superconductor and ferromagnet layers, as a part of the general problem of the properties of the spectra of superconductivity states depending on the magnetic state of the multilayer structure. Ferromagnetic layers are assumed monodomain and possessing inplane magnetic moments. In numerical examples, we used the parameters of the well-studied Nb/PdNi system. The critical temperatures and distributions of singlet and triplet currents depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers are calculated in the formalism of the Usadel equations for 5- and 3-layer irregular structures. The following results are obtained. (1) The channeling effect of triplet pairs by a narrow central layer of a superconductor with complete suppression of the singlet component in it was confirmed. (2) The “0–1”-transition between the phases of a superconducting condensate of opposite symmetry induced by the transport current is predicted. (3) The effect of a double crossover of states on the dependence of the critical temperature, Tc, versus the angle θ between the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers adjacent to the central layer of the superconductor in a 3-layer structure is predicted. The crossovers are reflected by a sharp turns in the Tc (θ) curve, while the infinitely small asymmetry of the structure eliminates the non-analyticity of this characteristic.We report the results of studies of triplet superconductivity in structures with alternating superconductor and ferromagnet layers, as a part of the general problem of the properties of the spectra of superconductivity states depending on the magnetic state of the multilayer structure. Ferromagnetic layers are assumed monodomain and possessing inplane magnetic moments. In numerical examples, we used the parameters of the well-studied Nb/PdNi system. The critical temperatures and distributions of singlet and triplet currents depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers are calculated in the formalism of the Usadel equations for 5- and 3-layer irregular structures. The following results are obtained. (1) The channeling effect of triplet pairs by a narrow central layer of a superconductor with complete suppression of the singlet component in it was confirmed. (2) The “0–1”-transition between the phases of a superconducting condensate of opposite symmetry induced by the transport current is predicted. (3) The effect of a double crossover of states on the dependence of the critical temperature, Tc, versus the angle θ between the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers adjacent to the central layer of the superconductor in a 3-layer structure is predicted. The crossovers are reflected by a sharp turns in the Tc (θ) curve, while the infinitely small asymmetry of the structure eliminates the non-analyticity of this characteristic

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ОПЫТ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ГЕНДЕРНОГО РАВЕНСТВА

Проаналізовано міжнародний досвід законодавчого забезпечення гендерної рівності з метою імплементації міжнародно-правових норм в у українське національне законодавство. Наголошено на тому, що досягнення гендерної рівності більшою чи меншою мірою охоплює процеси реформування національних законодавств, а практичні результати можливі лише через створення правового забезпечення рівності, відповідних державних механізмів правового забезпечення та через активну участь громадянського суспільства в цих процесах.The research of international guarantees of women rights is of great importance for Ukraine both in terms of the most complete performance of its international and legal obligations under their observance, and in terms of making possible propositions to improve these standards and the formation of effective measures for their implementation at the national level. Therefore, in order to implement international and legal norms into Ukrainian national legislation the author of the article has analyzed international experience of legislative provision of gender equality. The author has emphasized on the fact that gender equality more or less covers the processes of the reform of national legislations and the practical results are only possible through the establishment of legal equality guaranteeing, appropriate legal mechanisms of legal provision and through the active participation of civil society in these processes. All legal systems were primarily formed due to the great division of labor (increase of its productivity, the creation of excess product and the need of its fixing by certain holders, etc.). Best practices of more or less coherent scheme, structure of directions of implementing the gender principle within the norms of labor law, its compliance in real social relations and determining the measures to improve legal mechanisms of its provision requires the building of a system of views, their general model, the concept of forming the legal mechanism for the compliance with the principle of equal opportunities within the employment relationships, as the best achievements of mankind in the sphere of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens are developed.Проанализирован международный опыт законодательного обеспечения гендерного равенства с целью имплементации международно-правовых норм в украинское национальное законодательство. Отмечено, что достижение гендерного равенства в большей или меньшей степени охватывает процессы реформирования национальных законодательств, а практические результаты возможны только через создание правового обеспечения равенства, соответствующих государственных механизмов правового обеспечения и через активное участие гражданского общества в этих процессах

Сучасні напрями вдосконалення реалізації принципу гендерної рівності у трудовому праві України

The modern organizational and legal directions for improving the implementation of the principle of gender equality in new economic conditions have been studied. Nowadays, Ukraine according to the legislation has established equality of women and men, but legally defined equality is in conflict with the actual circumstances of women’s life. They continue to feel discrimination in almost all spheres of public activity. To eliminate this problem, the author has suggested: a) to increase the level of employment of the population, to reduce the growth of unemployment, to reduce segregation at the labor market; b) to stimulate the employer’s interest in hiring women, establishing flexible working hours, the possibility of working at home, etc.; c) to give preference to the contractual method of establishing working conditions, as well as to the collective and contractual method of ensuring their implementation; d) to pay special attention to the labor migration of women with a view to provide them with legal and social protection abroad. It has been stated that the construction of a democratic, legal and social state in Ukraine also depends on the principles of equal partnership between a man and a woman, mutual responsibility in the family and society. Nowadays, Ukraine needs to develop a system of political and legal, organizational measures to implement gender equality in all spheres of society’s life, and especially in the implementation of the constitutional right to work.Розглянуто сучасні організаційно-правові напрями вдосконалення реалізації принципу гендерної рівності в нових умовах господарювання

Design of the educational environment for STEM-oriented learning

The article examines the impact of market requirements on the educational system, technological development of society and changes in the economic development of the country. The main directions of changes in European educational policy and their formalization in the framework of competences have been reviewed. The considered practices of organizing educational space in Ukraine and other countries allowed determining the structure of the interaction of participants in the educational environment of STEM-oriented training: administrative and managerial component, cooperation between education and business structures, scientific and methodological support, technological factor, popularization and human factor. The article gives a definition of the educational environment of STEM-oriented learning. According to each of the points of this structure, the peculiarities of their implementation in Ukraine have been presented: steps to implementation at legislative level have been taken, a list of measures aimed at popularizing and supporting STEM-education has been developed, a way of the dissemination of these ideas has been outlined and the list of already existing developments and implementation practices has been made. The conditions required for the development of educational STEM-environment have been defined. The article presents the model of the educational environment of STEM-oriented learning developed at the STEM-school of Kherson State University. The description of the project activity of the teacher and students in the context of the creation of educational environment of STEM-oriented learning is given. Also, the article offers examples of interdisciplinary projects. Their implementation requires that the teacher have a good theoretical foundation in mathematics, physics, technology and programming

Comparative dynamics of self-consciousness of schizophrenic patients and patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders in the process of compulsory treatment.

Article presents the materials of empirical research of life sense orientations, self-relation and level of claims of schizophrenic patients and patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders, who have committed socially hazardous actions and to whom forced measures of medical character are temporarily applied. Changes in the self- consciousness of patients with schizophrenia in dynamics were examined: in com­paring the results obtained at first and fourth stages of patients' stay in mental hospital with strict supervision (the first stage – adaptation and diagnostics, the fourth stage – the consolidation of treatment results and preparation of patient to be discharged). Research was done by D. Leontiev’s test of life sense orientations (LSO), by S. Pantileyev – V. Sto­lin’s techniques and by Shwarzlander’s “Motor test”. Statistical processing of the obtained results of differences by indices of life sense orientations, of selfattitude and level of claims between the group under study with Student's t-criterion was used

СОСТОЯНИЯ СПИНОВЫХ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАТЕЛЕЙ НА ОСНОВЕ МНОГОСЛОЙНЫХ СТРУКТУР СВЕРХПРОВОДНИК/ФЕРРОМАГНЕТИК

The critical temperatures and wave functions of superconducting critical states in the superconductor/ferromagnet structures have investigated on the base of Usadel equation formalism for full configuration sets of spin quantization axes parallel or opposite to the fixed direction. The overturn effect of quantization axes on the critical state amplitude and phase characteristics has established.В формализме уравнений Узаделя рассчитаны критические температуры и функции критических состояний сверхпроводимости многослойных структур сверхпроводник/ферромагнетик для полных наборов конфигураций осей квантования спина {Mn }, параллельных или антипараллельных заданному направлению. Определен эффект переключения для реализуемых состояний многослойных спиновых переключателей. Дана трактовка эффекту переключения на языке функций критического состояния

ТРИПЛЕТНЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ И КРИТИЧЕСКИЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ СВЕРХПРОВОДИМОСТИ В МНОГОСЛОЙНЫХ СТРУКТУРАХ СВЕРХПРОВОДНИК/ФЕРРОМАГНЕТИК

The precise matrix solution of the linearized Usadel equations for the multilayered Superconductor/Ferromagnet structures has given for arbitrary in-plane magnetization vectors of ferromagnet layers and an arbitrary layer number.Построено точное матричное решение линеаризованных уравнений диффузионного предела микроскопической теории сверхпроводимости, описывающих критическое состояние многослойных структур сверхпроводник/ферромагнетик при неколлинеарных, компланарных векторах намагниченности ферромагнитных слоев

ПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ СПИН-ВЕНТИЛЬНЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ В СТРУКТУРАХ NB/HO

In the formalism of equations of the diffusive limit of the microscopic theory of superconductivity, the results of experimental investigations of the spin-valve effect in epitaxial Nb/Ho structures are explained. The mechanism of the “quasi-metal” behavior of their critical dependences is established.В формализме уравнений диффузионного предела микроскопической теории сверхпроводимости дана трактовка результатов экспериментов по исследованию спин-вентильного эффекта в эпитаксиальных структурах Nb/Ho; установлена причина «квазиметаллического» поведения их критических зависимостей

What does it mean when people say that they have received expressions of concern about their drinking or advice to cut down on the AUDIT scale?

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a commonly used scale to measure severity of alcohol consumption that contains an item asking if anyone has expressed concern about your drinking or suggested you cut down. What does it mean when a participant says yes to this question? Participants who were 18 or older and who drank at least weekly were recruited to complete a survey about their drinking from the Mechanical Turk platform. Comparisons were made between at risk (n = 2565) and high risk drinkers (n = 581) who said that someone had expressed concern about their drinking regarding who had expressed concern. If the person expressing concern was a health professional, the participant was also asked what type of support was provided. Expressions of concern about drinking were received more often by high risk than at risk drinkers. The most common type of person to have expressed concern was a relative, followed by a friend, or a marital partner. About one quarter of participants had received expressions of concern from a medical doctor or other health professional. All health professionals' expressions of concern were accompanied by a suggestion to cut down and about half provided some additional support (the most common type of support was brief advice). Expressions of concern come from a variety of sources and the likelihood of their occurrence is partially related to amount of alcohol intake