237 research outputs found
On the dynamics of bubbles in boiling water
We investigate the dynamics of many interacting bubbles in boiling water by
using a laser scattering experiment. Specifically, we analyze the temporal
variations of a laser intensity signal which passed through a sample of boiling
water. Our empirical results indicate that the return interval distribution of
the laser signal does not follow an exponential distribution; contrariwise, a
heavy-tailed distribution has been found. Additionally, we compare the
experimental results with those obtained from a minimalist phenomenological
model, finding a good agreement.Comment: Accepted for publication in Chaos, Solitons & Fractal
Computational simulation of one-dimensional waves with the Multigrid Method / Simulação computacional de ondas unidimensionais com o Método Multigrid
Several Engineering problems are modeled computationally, these simulations involve large systems, which are commonly difficult to solve. This paper deals with the simulation of one-dimensional waves, where the system resulting from the discretization by the Finite Difference Method is solved using the Multigrid Method with the conventional Gauss-Seidel solver, in order to decrease the computational time. Temporal discretization using the Time-Stepping method, where the system of equations is solved at each time step sequentially
Automatic Milking Systems in the Production of Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese: Effects on the Milk Quality and on Cheese Characteristics
The adoption of innovative processes, such as the automatic milking system (AMS), in the production of typical PDO cheeses, such as Parmigiano Reggiano, needs to be evaluated and tested, to verify its influence on milk quality and the typicality of the product. The present research was aimed to study the effect of the introduction of the AMS on the cheesemaking characteristics of the milk and the ripening process and the sensory properties of the Parmigiano Reggiano PDO cheese. Six cheesemaking trials were performed and, in each trial, two different separated pools of milk were submitted to the cheesemaking process in parallel, one from AMS and the other from a traditional milking parlor (TMP). AMS milk, in comparison with TMP one, showed higher content of lactose and calcium and lower contents of somatic cells, thermophilic lactic acid bacteria and chloride. Nevertheless, these changes were too small to influence the efficiency of the cheesemaking process and the cheese composition and its sensory profile. Moreover, cheeses made with AMS milk fully complied with the sensory characteristics of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese PDO, as defined by the PDO rules
Logarithmic diffusion and porous media equations: a unified description
In this work we present the logarithmic diffusion equation as a limit case
when the index that characterizes a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, in its
diffusive term, goes to zero. A linear drift and a source term are considered
in this equation. Its solution has a lorentzian form, consequently this
equation characterizes a super diffusion like a L\'evy kind. In addition is
obtained an equation that unifies the porous media and the logarithmic
diffusion equations, including a generalized diffusion equation in fractal
dimension. This unification is performed in the nonextensive thermostatistics
context and increases the possibilities about the description of anomalous
diffusive processes.Comment: 5 pages. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Dynamics of tournaments: the soccer case
A random walk-like model is considered to discuss statistical aspects of
tournaments. The model is applied to soccer leagues with emphasis on the
scores. This competitive system was computationally simulated and the results
are compared with empirical data from the English, the German and the Spanish
leagues and showed a good agreement with them. The present approach enabled us
to characterize a diffusion where the scores are not normally distributed,
having a short and asymmetric tail extending towards more positive values. We
argue that this non-Gaussian behavior is related with the difference between
the teams and with the asymmetry of the scores system. In addition, we compared
two tournament systems: the all-play-all and the elimination tournaments.Comment: To appear in EPJ
Correlation between micro and macrostructural biaxial behavior of ascending thoracic aneurysm: a novel experimental technique
Mechanical properties and microstructural modifications of vessel tissues are strongly linked, as established in the state of the art of cardiovascular diseases. Techniques to obtain both mechanical and structural information are reported, but the possibility to obtain real-time microstructural and macrostructural data correlated is still lacking. An experimental approach to characterize the aortic tissue is presented. A setup integrating biaxial traction and Small Angle Light Scattering (SALS) analysis is described. The system was adopted to test ex-vivo aorta specimens from healthy and aneusymatic (aTAA) cases. A significant variation of the fiber dispersion with respect to the unloaded state was encountered during the material traction. The corresponding microstructural and mechanical data were successfully used to fit a given anisotropic constitutive model, with satisfactory R2 values (0.97±0.11 and 0.96±0.17, for aTAA and healthy population, respectively) and fiber dispersion parameters variations between the aTAA and healthy populations (0.39±0.23 and 0.15±0.10). The method integrating the biaxial/SALS technique was validated, allowing for real-time synchronization between mechanical and microstructural analysis of anisotropic biological tissues
SOLE Project – Demonstration of a Multistatic and Multiband Coherent Radar Network
The aim of the NATO-SPS SOLE project is demonstrating the feasibility and the high performance of a radar network thanks to photonics. Indeed, the coherence offered by photonics makes the proposed distributed radar system capable of an efficient implementation of MIMO processing and ISAR imaging, enhancing the performance in terms of resolution and precision. The advantage of a fully coherent, multistatic radar system here is experimentally proven by a 5-time cross-range resolution enhancement thanks to MIMO processing, and in an efficient focusing in ISAR imaging
Nonlinear equation for anomalous diffusion: unified power-law and stretched exponential exact solution
The nonlinear diffusion equation is analyzed here, where , and , and are real parameters.
This equation unifies the anomalous diffusion equation on fractals ()
and the spherical anomalous diffusion for porous media (). Exact
point-source solution is obtained, enabling us to describe a large class of
subdiffusion (), normal diffusion () and
superdiffusion (). Furthermore, a thermostatistical basis
for this solution is given from the maximum entropic principle applied to the
Tsallis entropy.Comment: 3 pages, 2 eps figure
Variational Principle underlying Scale Invariant Social Systems
MaxEnt's variational principle, in conjunction with Shannon's logarithmic
information measure, yields only exponential functional forms in
straightforward fashion. In this communication we show how to overcome this
limitation via the incorporation, into the variational process, of suitable
dynamical information. As a consequence, we are able to formulate a somewhat
generalized Shannonian Maximum Entropy approach which provides a unifying
"thermodynamic-like" explanation for the scale-invariant phenomena observed in
social contexts, as city-population distributions. We confirm the MaxEnt
predictions by means of numerical experiments with random walkers, and compare
them with some empirical data
Average Entropy of a Subsystem from its Average Tsallis Entropy
In the nonextensive Tsallis scenario, Page's conjecture for the average
entropy of a subsystem[Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 71}, 1291(1993)] as well as its
demonstration are generalized, i.e., when a pure quantum system, whose Hilbert
space dimension is , is considered, the average Tsallis entropy of an
-dimensional subsystem is obtained. This demonstration is expected to be
useful to study systems where the usual entropy does not give satisfactory
results.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.
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