4,096 research outputs found
Scaling and Dissipation in the GOY Shell Model
This is a paper about multi-fractal scaling and dissipation in a shell model
of turbulence, called the GOY model. This set of equations describes a one
dimensional cascade of energy towards higher wave vectors. When the model is
chaotic, the high-wave-vector velocity is a product of roughly independent
multipliers, one for each logarithmic momentum shell. The appropriate tool for
studying the multifractal properties of this model is shown to be the energy
current on each shell rather than the velocity on each shell. Using this
quantity, one can obtain better measurements of the deviations from Kolmogorov
scaling (in the GOY dynamics) than were available up to now. These deviations
are seen to depend upon the details of inertial-range structure of the model
and hence are {\em not} universal. However, once the conserved quantities of
the model are fixed to have the same scaling structure as energy and helicity,
these deviations seem to depend only weakly upon the scale parameter of the
model. We analyze the connection between multifractality in the velocity
distribution and multifractality in the dissipation. Our arguments suggest that
the connection is universal for models of this character, but the model has a
different behavior from that of real turbulence. We also predict the scaling
behavior of time correlations of shell-velocities, of the dissipation,Comment: Revised Versio
Solidification of liquid metal drops during impact
Hot liquid metal drops impacting onto a cold substrate solidify during their
subsequent spreading. Here we experimentally study the influence of
solidification on the outcome of an impact event. Liquid tin drops are impacted
onto sapphire substrates of varying temperature. The impact is visualised both
from the side and from below, which provides a unique view on the
solidification process. During spreading an intriguing pattern of radial
ligaments rapidly solidifies from the centre of the drop. This pattern
determines the late-time morphology of the splat. A quantitative analysis of
the drop spreading and ligament formation is supported by scaling arguments.
Finally, a phase diagram for drop bouncing, deposition and splashing as a
function of substrate temperature and impact velocity is provided
Wake-Driven Dynamics of Finite-Sized Buoyant Spheres in Turbulence
Particles suspended in turbulent flows are affected by the turbulence and at
the same time act back on the flow. The resulting coupling can give rise to
rich variability in their dynamics. Here we report experimental results from an
investigation of finite-sized buoyant spheres in turbulence. We find that even
a marginal reduction in the particle's density from that of the fluid can
result in strong modification of its dynamics. In contrast to classical spatial
filtering arguments and predictions of particle models, we find that the
particle acceleration variance increases with size. We trace this reversed
trend back to the growing contribution from wake-induced forces, unaccounted
for in current particle models in turbulence. Our findings highlight the need
for improved multi-physics based models that account for particle wake effects
for a faithful representation of buoyant-sphere dynamics in turbulence.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures,
http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.12450
Transport properties of dense dissipitive hard-sphere fluids for arbitrary energy loss models
The revised Enskog approximation for a fluid of hard spheres which lose
energy upon collision is discussed for the case that the energy is lost from
the normal component of the velocity at collision but is otherwise arbitrary.
Granular fluids with a velocity-dependent coefficient of restitution are an
important special case covered by this model. A normal solution to the Enskog
equation is developed using the Chapman-Enskog expansion. The lowest order
solution describes the general homogeneous cooling state and a generating
function formalism is introduced for the determination of the distribution
function. The first order solution, evaluated in the lowest Sonine
approximation, provides estimates for the transport coefficients for the
Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic description. All calculations are performed in an
arbitrary number of dimensions.Comment: 27 pages + 1 figur
The Kappa in J/Psi -> Kpplus-piminus-Kminus-piplus
BES II data for J/Psi->K*(890)Kpi reveal a strong kappa peak in the Kpi
S-wave near threshold. Both magnitude and phase are determined in slices of Kpi
mass by interferences with strong Ko(1430), K1(1270) and K1(1400) signals. The
phase variation with mass agrees within errors with LASS data for Kpi elastic
scattering. A combined fit is presented to both BES and LASS data. The fit uses
a Breit-Wigner amplitude with an s-dependent width containing an Adler zero.
The kappa pole is at 760+-20(stat)+-40(syst) - i(420+-45+-60syst) MeV. The
S-wave I=0 scattering length a_0 = 0.23+-0.04 (in units of m(pi)) is close to
the prediction 0.19+-0.02 of Chiral Perturbation Theory.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure
Alternative strategies to by-pass the plant-based Azadirachtin-A production
All parts of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) show a broad spectrum efficacy against insect pests including insecticidal, anti-feedant or insect repellent activities. Several studies have shown that plant cell cultures can produce azadirachtins. We induced more than 40 novel Neem cell lines in modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. To enhance the Azadirachtin production from 1 mg/l, it was necessary to optimize the media composition separately for biomass and secondary metabolite production. In light of this complex challenge we used our novel fully automated high-throughput microbioreactor system that allows us a fast and controlled batch and fedbatch screening in 48-well microtiter plates. There is increasing evidence that plants like Azadirachta indica contain endophytes which are able to colonize internal plant tissue without causing visible disease symptoms. The estimated high species diversity of endophytes suggests a rich and almost untapped source of new secondary metabolites. We isolated more than 340 endophytes from various plant tissues and tested if they were able to produce Azadirachtin-A. Here, we present data on isolation of endophytes and induction of callus as well as first results of our microbioreactor system
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