Tacit Knowledge and Innovation Capacity: Evidence from the Indian Livestock Sector

To cope and compete in this rapidly-changing world, organisations need to access and apply new knowledge. While explicit knowledge is important, what is often critical is an organisation's ability to create, access, share and apply the tacit or un-codified knowledge that exists among its members, its network and the wider innovation system of which it is a part. This discussion paper explores the role of tacit knowledge in livestock sector innovation capacity though the case of Visakha Dairy, one of the most progressive producer-owned milk marketing companies in India. Analysis of two episodes in Visakha's evolution clearly illustrates how it used tacit knowledge to innovate around challenges. The paper concludes that while tacit knowledge is clearly a major resource that organisations rely on to cope with change, it does not follow that knowledge management approaches that rely on codifying this knowledge are the way forward. Instead, what it does suggest is that better management of the learning processes, through which tacit knowledge is generated, would be a more useful contribution to innovation and innovation capacity - in other words, a shift from knowledge management to learning management.Innovation Systems, Innovation Capacity, Tacit Knowledge, Livestock, India Journal

Effect of feed supplemented exogenous bacteria, Lactobacillus sporogenes on the growth and body composition of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings

Probiotics are known to improve the growth rate of aquatic organisms. Little experimentation has focused on supplementation of live colony forming units ofL.sporogenes in Cirrhinus mrigala to access the growth performance. A feeding trial was conducted for 50 days to study the effects of Lactobacillus sporogenes on growth and body composition of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton-Buchnan, 1822) fingerlings. Fishes were fed with five experimental feeds containing 3.31x105 colony forming units (CFU)/100g-1 of L. sporogenes in diet D2 , 1.65×106 CFU/ 100g-1 in diet D3, 3.31×106 CFU/100g-1 in diet D4 and 4.96×106 CFU/100g-1 in diet D5. Control diet D1 was kept devoid of L. sporogenes. The diets prepared were containing 0.0% (D1), 0.1% (D2), 0.5% (D3), 1.0% (D4) and 1.5%(D5) of live cells of L. sporogenes CFU/100gm-1 of feed. Increasing trend of weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) improved food conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in treatments fed with probiotic added feeds than control feed. Best growth performance was found in the treatment fed with D4 of L. sporogenes containing 3.31×106 CFU 100g-1 of feed. At increased level 4.96×106 CFU 100g-1 of L. sporogenes inclusion the growth performance was dropped. Tissue protein content was also observed to be higher in animals fed with D4 feed. The lipid content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in fingerlings fed with control feed (D1). In short, L. sporogenes addition to a level of 3.31×106 CFU 100g-1 in feed improved growth performance of C. mrigala fingerlings. Therefore, it is evident that 3.31×106 CFU 100g-1 of feed of L. sporogenes can be considered as suitable concentration for attaining good growth in C.mrigala fingerlings

A close call: does the location of incision at cesarean delivery matter in patients with vasa previa? A case report.

We present here a case of vasa previa in a multipara, diagnosed at the time of her late second trimester ultrasonogram. The patient subsequently underwent an elective cesarean section after 37 weeks gestation, giving birth to a healthy child with an uneventful post-partum, neonatal and infant course. At the time of cesarean section, the incision was gradually deepened in layers through the myometrium by utmost care allowing the amniotic sac to protrude through the uterine incision hereby avoiding laceration of the vasa previa and its branches. Fetal exsanguination and a need for blood transfusion as well as a possible adverse neonatal course were therefore avoided

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT & VALIDATION OF ARTEMETHER IN BULK DRUG BY RP- HPLC METHOD AS PER ICH GUIDELINES

Objective: An accurate, precise, rapid & economical RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Artemether as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline in pharmaceutical dosage form using ultraviolet (UV) detector. Methods: Elution was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile & Methanol (50:50 v/v) and the flow rate was set to 1.6 ml/min at 216 nm, retention time for Artemether was found to be 1.330 min. Results: The method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 100-600 µg/ml, in the linearity study regression equation was found to be y = 0.199x – 1.133 & correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999. This method was Rugged and Robust in different testing criteria, LOD and LOQ were found to be 23.037µg/ml, 69.809µg/ml respectively. Accuracy study was done in 3 different concentration level i. e 50, 100, 150% & % recovery of the method was found to be 99.4%, 100.4%, 99.7% respectively in 3 different levels & mean recovery was 99.8%, so method was accurate. Conclusion: Results of all validation parameters were within the limits as per ICH guidelines. Â

Removal of malachite green dye from water using orange peel as an adsorbent

The objective of this project work is to study the adsorption of Malachite Green dye using orange peel adsorbent. Cheap and eco-friendly adsorbent has been used for removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. Liquid phase batch operations were carried out to observe the effect of various experimental parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, initial concentration of malachite green, adsorbate dose and the optimum conditions for these parameters were evaluated. Various characteristics of the orange peel sample were also examined. Study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms was carried out and best fitting models for rate kinetics and isotherms were suggested. The kinetic experimental data was analyzed using two kinetic equation-pseudo first order equation and pseudo second order equation. It was observed that it followed the pseudo first order equation. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to fit the equilibrium data and the results showed that the Langmuir isotherm seemed to agree better than the Freundlich isotherm. The Gibbs energy was calculated which showed that it is an exothermic reaction. The results indicated that orange peel can be used as a good low cost alternative for treatment of effluents containing malachite green in water

Structured teaching programme on knowledge about polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common female endocrine disorder affecting 4 – 18% of women in their reproductive age. It is common in adolescent girls. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome affects throughout the life and produce gynaecological and metabolic health problems. The aim of this study to create the awareness about the polycystic ovarian syndrome to the adolescent girls.Methods: A Quantitative approach with pre- experimental design was used to study the effectiveness of STP on Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome. Ninety-four adolescent girls aged between 15 – 18 years were conveniently selected. Data was collected by using Structured Knowledge questionnaire.Results: The mean post-test knowledge score (22.55± 3.57) was higher than that of mean pre-test mean knowledge score (11.13± 3.32) and the mean difference was11.42. The ‘t’ calculated value was 23.45 which is higher than the tabulated value of 1.98 (df 93 at p< 0.05). Therefore, research hypothesis was accepted. So, it can be interpreting that structured teaching programme is effective in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls.Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that STP was effective in enhancing the knowledge of adolescent girls on PCOS. Hence the study concluded that structured teaching programme had a great potentiality to increase the awareness on PCOS

An Enhanced Table Driven Source Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Analysis of MANETs led to the research on network layer. Different routing protocols were designed for numerous objectives and purposes. The way data packets are handled with in a multi-hop wireless network refers to Opportunistic data forwarding. During present research, we propose enhanced table-driven source routing protocol. This protocol maintains additional topology information which is different from Distance Vector (DV) routing protocol. The proposed approach will reduce overhead compared to the ancient Distance Vector based protocols. Base on the test results performed using Computer Simulator (Network Simulator 2) observed that the overhead in the proposed solution is just a fraction of the overhead of the standard proactive protocols. Performance of the current solution is better for transportation of higher information compared to existing proactive routing protocols

Comparative Analysis of Metaheuristic Approaches for Makespan Minimization for No Wait Flow Shop Scheduling Problem

This paper provides comparative analysis of various metaheuristic approaches for m-machine no wait flow shop scheduling (NWFSS) problem with makespan as an optimality criterion. NWFSS problem is NP hard and brute force method unable to find the solutions so approximate solutions are found with metaheuristic algorithms. The objective is to find out the scheduling sequence of jobs to minimize total completion time. In order to meet the objective criterion, existing metaheuristic techniques viz. Tabu Search (TS), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are implemented for small and large sized problems and effectiveness of these techniques are measured with statistical metric