Effect of replacement of coated barley grain with hulless barley in diet on growth, carcass and meat quality traits of fattening pigs

Received: January 31st, 2021 ; Accepted: May 27th, 2021 ; Published: June 1st, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] amount of experimental pigs were 40 crossbred pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace). The initial body weight of pigs were average 27.0 kg. The goal of research was to assess the effect of replacement of coated barley grain with hulless barley in diet on pig growth, carcass and pork quality indices. Experimental groups of pigs on the holding were conducted according to age and sex. For trial group of pigs, a compound feed with hulless barley (38.9–45.4%) was prepared, for the control with coated barley (39.3–43.3%). The feed recipes made according the pigs age. The other feed ingredients were not changed and were wheat, soybean meal and oil, premivit, and from 20 till 70 kg liveweight also fish meal. Diets were formulated with the same of metabolizable energy and crude protein content. During the study the live weight of pigs was monitored and the feed consumption was counted. At the end of the study all pigs slaughtered, determined carcasses traits and took samples of loin muscle for chemical analyses. The results showed that pig fattening indices (daily liveweight gain were in control pig group 0.686 ± 0.183 and trial 0.716 ± 0.174) did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05), although its were slightly lower in the control group pigs by 4.37%. Feed consumption for live weight gain in both groups ranged from 3.14 to 3.25 kg. Carcasses scores showed significant differences in lean meat and chops (P < 0.05). There were also differences in the backfat thickness. The thickness of backfat was 2.62 mm less in the control pig group, which indicates that when feeding coated barley to fattening pigs, the carcasses have a higher proportion of lean meat (62.1 ± 0.7%). Pigs were slaughtered reaching a live weight of 110 to 114 kg. The meat yield 71.7% and moisture level (70.2–75.2%), as well as protein (22.3–22.9%) indicators showed that fattening pigs are sold at the optimal age. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that feeding hulless barley to fattening pigs results in higher live weight gain. Carcass indicators showed a significantly higher proportion of lean meat and weight of chops when pigs eating coated barley. Chemical composition of pork in groups without significant differences

Influence of local extruded soybean cake and imported soybean meal on fattening pig productivity and pork quality

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of feeding local and imported soybean protein feeds to fattening pigs and examining it impact on the quality of pork. The trial was created with 40 pigs divided in two groups (20 in each). Pigs in the control group received imported soybean meal, in the trial group local farm grown in Latvia extruded soybean cake mixed in the compound feed. The diets were designed to be nutritionally equivalent. For fattening pigs each diet were available on an ad libitum basis to pens. During the study pigs were weighed three times at 84, 140 and 190 days at age. Feed consumption, pig carcass traits and meat chemical composition were determined. The final live weight in control group was 108.33 ± 2.904 kg and in trial group was 111.88 ± 2.793 kg there were no significant difference (P > 0.05). Average daily live weight gain in the all experimental period in control group was 0.779 ± 0.096 kg and in trial group was 0.822 ± 0.103 kg, there were no significant difference (P > 0.05). Feed consumption per kg of live weight in control group was 2.39 kg in trial group was 2.24 kg. Pig carcass traits and meat chemical composition were similar for both groups without significant differences (P > 0.05). Soybeans grown and processed in Latvia were equivalent to imported soybeans and gives good rates of pig growth and quality of pork

The nutrition value of soybeans grown in Latvia for pig feeding

ArticleSoybean products are excellent sources of protein for pigs because their amino acid profiles complement those of cereal grains. Soy protein is rich in the limiting amino acids lysine, threonine, and tryptophan that are present in relatively low concentrations in the most commonly fed cereal grains. Amino acids in soy protein are more digestible than amino acids in most other plants proteins, which results in less nitrogen being excreted in the manure from pigs fed diets containing soybean meal than if other protein sources are used. The phosphorus in soy products is bound to phytic acid, which has a low digestibility to pigs, but the digestibility of phosphorus in soy products may be increased to more than 60% if diets are supplemented with microbial phytase. There are no much results about nutrition value of soybean growing in Latvia. Therefore the aim of study was determined chemical composition of soybeans growing in Latvia and evaluates their potential in pig feeding. Research object were soybeans growing in Latvia. In the studied samples content of protein, fat, ash, fibre, composition of amino acids were determined and metabolizable energy were calculated. Evaluated that protein content varied from 32.7 till 40.7%, fat content was from 18.4–21.4% and significantly differed (p < 0.05) among growing places, but the sum of essential amino acids in the soy beans determined 115–125 g kg-1 , and were not differed significantly by varieties. The content of lysine in protein were determined 5.1–5.5 g 100 g -1 . Concluded that soy bean growing in Latvia provides equilibrium high metabolizable energy for pigs – from 13.2 to 17.6 MJ kg-1 and could be used in feed

Intra-annual height growth dynamics of Scots and lodgepole pines and its relationship with meteorological parameters in central Latvia

The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the second-most widely used tree species in forestry in Latvia and is the only species used for afforestation on nutrient poor soils that cover considerable forest land in Latvia. Several studies have shown that, in such conditions, the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) may be more productive in terms of biomass and yield. It is important to consider climate change studies to assess the potential for a larger-scale use of the lodgepole pine in forestry. The aim was to assess the intra-annual height growth patterns of both species, the differences between them, and the influence of meteorological parameters on their height growth. Their height growth was monitored on a weekly basis in two sampling sites in central Latvia, and the height increment curves were described by Gompertz’s model. The height growth dynamics of individual trees and species differed notably, indicating the potential for the selection of the best-adapted genotypes. Our results indicate that the early onset of the active growth phase might be the most important factor determining the total height increment for both species. Temperature-related meteorological parameters were the only ones with a statistically significant influence on pines height growth and only when at least one of the variables were standardised prior to the analysis. A temperature increase had a slightly stronger positive effect on the growth of the lodgepole pine, indicating that it might be suitable for more intensive use in forestry under the climate change scenarios for Latvia

Regional variations in diffuse nitrogen losses from agriculture in the Nordic and Baltic regions

International audienceThis paper describes nitrogen losses from, and the characteristics of, 35 selected catchments (12 to 2000 ha) in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Average annual losses of N in 1994?1997 ranged from 5 to 75 kg ha-1, generally highest and characterised by significant within-country and interannual variations, in Norway and the lowest losses were observed in the Baltic countries. An important finding of the study is that the average nutrient losses varied greatly among the studied catchments. The main explanations for this variability were water runoff, fertiliser use (especially the amount of manure), soil type and erosion (including stream bank erosion). However, there were several exceptions, and it was difficult to find general relationships between the individual factors. For example, there was poor correlation between nitrogen losses and surpluses. Therefore, the results suggest that the observed variability in N losses cannot have been due solely to differences in farm management practices, although the studied catchments do include a wide range of nutrient application levels, animal densities and other relevant elements. There is considerable spatial variation in the physical properties (soil, climate, hydrology, and topography) and the agricultural management of the basins, and the interaction between and relative effects of these factors has an important impact on erosion and nutrient losses. In particular, hydrological processes may have a marked effect on N losses measured in the catchment stream water. The results indicate that significant differences in hydrological pathways (e.g. the relationship between fast- and slow-flow processes) lead to major regional differences in N inputs to surface waters and therefore also in the response to changes in field management practices. Agricultural practices such as crop rotation systems, nutrient inputs and soil conservation measures obviously play a significant role in the site-specific effects, although they cannot explain the large regional differences observed in this study. The interactions between agricultural practices and basic catchment characteristics, including hydrological processes, determine the final losses of nitrogen to surface waters, hence it is necessary to understand these interactions to manage diffuse losses of agricultural nutrients efficiently. Keywords: agriculture, catchments, diffuse sources, nitrogen, losses, Baltic, Nordi

LABAS LAUKSAIMNIECĪBAS PRAKSES (LLP) IZSTRĀDE LATVIJAI

LLP nosacījumu izstrādes nepieciešamību nosaka:Latvijas lauku perspektīvā attīstība;ES nitrātu direktīva (EEC/91/676) ar mērķi samazināt un turpmāk novērst ūdens piesārņošanu no lauksaimniecības avotiem;« Baltijas jūras vides aizsardzības Helsinku konvencijas (HELCOM) pielikums III par lauksaimniecības izraisīto piesārņojumu. Tiek prasīts dalībvalstīm izstrādāt ieviešanas programmu līdz 2Q02.g. un paredzētos pasākumus izvērst līdz 2011.gadam

The Euler-Maruyama approximation for the absorption time of the CEV diffusion

A standard convergence analysis of the simulation schemes for the hitting times of diffusions typically requires non-degeneracy of their coefficients on the boundary, which excludes the possibility of absorption. In this paper we consider the CEV diffusion from the mathematical finance and show how a weakly consistent approximation for the absorption time can be constructed, using the Euler-Maruyama scheme

Brain connectivity using geodesics in HARDI

International audienceWe develop an algorithm for brain connectivity assessment using geodesics in HARDI (high angular resolution diffusion imaging). We propose to recast the problem of finding fibers bundles and connectivity maps to the calculation of shortest paths on a Riemannian manifold defined from fiber ODFs computed from HARDI measurements. Several experiments on real data show that out method is able to segment fibers bundles that are not easily recovered by other existing methods

Dynamics of defect formation

A dynamic symmetry-breaking transition with noise and inertia is analyzed. Exact solution of the linearized equation that describes the critical region allows precise calculation (exponent and prefactor) of the number of defects produced as a function of the rate of increase of the critical parameter. The procedure is valid in both the overdamped and underdamped limits. In one space dimension, we perform quantitative comparison with numerical simulations of the nonlinear nonautonomous stochastic partial differential equation and report on signatures of underdamped dynamics.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Revie

FUNKCIONALNO MESO PERADI OBOGAĆENO BIOLOŠKI AKTIVNIM TVARIMA IZ NEUTRALNIH EKSTRAKATA DOBIVENIH OD SMREKOVIH IGLICA

Neutral extractives of spruce needles were produced from forestry by-products: the green biomass of spruce needles. The extractes of spruce needles extract con¬tains a significant amount of natural biologically active substances. In the course of our investigations, the evaluation of biologically active substances obtained from neutral extracts of spruce needles was carried out to assess their effect on quality of broiler chicken meat. The feeding trial was conducted with broiler chickens of the cross ROOS – 308 by adding neutral extract of spruce needles in the form of loose powder to the com¬position of broiler chicken diet. It was found that the loose powder feed additives containing neutral extract of spruce needles (0.05% and 0.10% in pure substance) used to supplement the broiler feed improved the quality of poultry meat. The feed additives containing biologically active substances from spruce needles neutral ex¬tract involved in metabolic processes of the broiler chicken organism, increased the n – 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA) content in meat by 0.59 – 1.05% and the carotenoids’ content in liver by 1.46 – 1.70 mg kg -1, at the same time positively reducing the cholesterol level in meat by 17.18 – 26.16 mg 100 g-1 in comparison with the control group.Neutralni ekstrakti smrekovih iglica proizvedeni su iz smrekovih popratnih proizvoda, zelene biomase smrekovih iglica. Ekstrakti smrekovih iglica sadrže značajnu količinu prirodnih, biološki aktivnih tvari. U tijeku naših istraživanja procijenjene su biološki aktivne tvari dobivene iz neutralnih ekstrakata smrekovih iglica radi ocjene njihovog djelovanja na kakvoću mesa pilića brojlera. Proveden je pokus hranidbe brojlera križanaca Ross-308 dodavanjem neutralnih ekstrakata smrekovih iglica u obliku rasutog praška u smjesu za njihove obroke. Pokazalo se da je rasuti prašak kao dodatak hrani brojlera koji je sadržavao neutralne ekstrakte smrekovih iglica (0,05% i 0,10% čiste tvari) poboljšao kakvoću mesa pilića. Dodaci hrani koji sadrže biološki aktivne tvari iz neutralnog ekstrakta smrekovih iglica uključeni u metaboličke procese brojlera povećali su sadržaj n-3 polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (DHA) u mesu za 0,59-1,05% (P<0,05) i sadržaj karotenoida u jetri za 0,46-1,70 mgkg.-1(P<0,05) te u isto vrijeme pozitivno smanjili razinu kolesterola u mesu za 17,18-26,16 mg.100g-1(P<0,05) u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom