Gutachterliche Risikoeinschätzung bei Sexualstraftätern: Anwendbarkeit von PCL-SV, HCR-20+3 und SVR-20

Zusammenfassung: Relativ hohe Rezidivraten bei Sexualstraftätern, steigender Bedarf an forensischen Prognosegutachten und generelle Zweifel an der Validität gutachterlicher Prognosen sowie ein fortbestehender Mangel an qualifizierten Gutachtern verlocken zur Anwendung vermeintlich einfach anwendbarer Prognoseinstrumente wie PCL-SV, HCR-20+3 oder SVR-20. Sie liefern einen numerischen Wert zur Quantifizierung des Rückfallrisikos und finden vermehrt Eingang in forensische Gutachten. Dabei birgt die Anwendung dieser Instrumente bei Kollektiven, für die bisher keine Überprüfung der Praktikabilität oder Validität vorliegt, erhebliche Fehlerquellen. Die hier vorgestellte Studie ist Teil einer größeren Kohortenstudie zur forensisch-psychiatrischen Risikoprognose und dient unter anderem der Untersuchung der Differenzialindikation der "Psychopathy Checklist Screening Version"(PCL-SV), des HCR-20+3 sowie des "Sexual Violence Risk 20" (SVR-20). Es wurden bei 64 strafrechtlichen Gutachten über Sexualstraftäter retrospektiv PCL-SV, HCR-20+3 und SVR-20 erhoben, nachdem primär die Risikoeinschätzung mit dem Basler "Kriterienkatalog zur Beurteilung des Rückfallrisikos besonders gefährlicher Straftäter" erfolgt war. PCL-SV, HCR-20+3 und SVR-20 wurden danach mit den auf dem Basler Kriterienkatalog basierenden gutachterlichen Beurteilungen verglichen, welche ihrerseits an Hand von Auszügen aus dem Strafregister validiert wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie lassen die Anwendung dieser Prognoseinstrumente (PCL-SV, HCR-20+3 und SVR-20) im deutschsprachigen Raum bei Sexualstraftätern angesichts des gegenwärtigen Wissensstands primär als wissenschaftliches Instrument sinnvoll erscheinen. Darüber hinaus spricht nichts gegen eine Anwendung als Checkliste im eigentlichen Sinne, ohne dabei eine Zuordnung zu einer Risikokategorie vorzunehmen. Eine Verwendung zur eigentlichen Quantifizierung der Risikoeinschätzung sollte aufgrund unserer Resultate auf die Gruppe der dissozialen und aggressiven Sexualstraftäterbeschränkt bleibe

Minimization of the receiver cost in an all-optical ring with a limited number of wavelengths

A new all-optical node architecture, known as \emph{Packet Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer} (POADM), may lead to a considerable cost reduction for the infrastructure of the all-optical metropolitan rings if associated with proper dimensioning studies. We present a dimensioning problem which consists of minimizing the total number of receivers located in POADMs for a metropolitan all-optical ring with a fixed number of wavelengths and a given traffic matrix. We prove that this problem is NP-complete and provide a heuristic. The heuristic principle is to match and to group transmissions instead of considering them independently. We justify the transmission group matching approach by confronting the results of our algorithm with its simplified version. The results obtained allow us to recommend the heuristic in the planning of POADM configurations in all-optical rings with a limited number of wavelengths

Bures volume of the set of mixed quantum states

We compute the volume of the N^2-1 dimensional set M_N of density matrices of size N with respect to the Bures measure and show that it is equal to that of a N^2-1 dimensional hyper-halfsphere of radius 1/2. For N=2 we obtain the volume of the Uhlmann 3-D hemisphere, embedded in R^4. We find also the area of the boundary of the set M_N and obtain analogous results for the smaller set of all real density matrices. An explicit formula for the Bures-Hall normalization constants is derived for an arbitrary N.Comment: 15 revtex pages, 2 figures in .eps; ver. 3, Eq. (4.19) correcte

Ionization by bulk heating of electrons in capacitive radio frequency atmospheric pressure microplasmas

Electron heating and ionization dynamics in capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) atmospheric pressure microplasmas operated in helium are investigated by Particle in Cell simulations and semi-analytical modeling. A strong heating of electrons and ionization in the plasma bulk due to high bulk electric fields are observed at distinct times within the RF period. Based on the model the electric field is identified to be a drift field caused by a low electrical conductivity due to the high electron-neutral collision frequency at atmospheric pressure. Thus, the ionization is mainly caused by ohmic heating in this "Omega-mode". The phase of strongest bulk electric field and ionization is affected by the driving voltage amplitude. At high amplitudes, the plasma density is high, so that the sheath impedance is comparable to the bulk resistance. Thus, voltage and current are about 45{\deg} out of phase and maximum ionization is observed during sheath expansion with local maxima at the sheath edges. At low driving voltages, the plasma density is low and the discharge becomes more resistive resulting in a smaller phase shift of about 4{\deg}. Thus, maximum ionization occurs later within the RF period with a maximum in the discharge center. Significant analogies to electronegative low pressure macroscopic discharges operated in the Drift-Ambipolar mode are found, where similar mechanisms induced by a high electronegativity instead of a high collision frequency have been identified

A team approach to the indication for gender reassignment surgery in transsexuals resulting in long-term outcome improvement

At the University of Basel (Switzerland), a multidisciplinary team was established for pre-operative selection and treatment of patients with gender dysphoria. As a result, the indications for surgical gender reassignment could be judged with considerably greater accuracy than previously possible. In the 9-year period of this prospective study only 14 of 57 patients with gender dysphoria were selected for surgical treatment. At the time of this survey, six patients are still under psychiatric preoperative evaluation, and six further male-to-female transsexuals are under hormonal treatment awaiting surgery. Following the operation, only one of nine male-to-female patients is socially unstable and that patient's quality of life is worse than prior to gender reassignment. Of the female-to-male transsexuals, all four are stable in their professional and family relations. In conclusion, a comprehensive evaluation of patients with gender dysphoria and the conclusive indications established within the team considerably improved the postoperative outcome of gender reassignmen

Hall Normalization Constants for the Bures Volumes of the n-State Quantum Systems

We report the results of certain integrations of quantum-theoretic interest, relying, in this regard, upon recently developed parameterizations of Boya et al of the n x n density matrices, in terms of squared components of the unit (n-1)-sphere and the n x n unitary matrices. Firstly, we express the normalized volume elements of the Bures (minimal monotone) metric for n = 2 and 3, obtaining thereby "Bures prior probability distributions" over the two- and three-state systems. Then, as an essential first step in extending these results to n > 3, we determine that the "Hall normalization constant" (C_{n}) for the marginal Bures prior probability distribution over the (n-1)-dimensional simplex of the n eigenvalues of the n x n density matrices is, for n = 4, equal to 71680/pi^2. Since we also find that C_{3} = 35/pi, it follows that C_{4} is simply equal to 2^{11} C_{3}/pi. (C_{2} itself is known to equal 2/pi.) The constant C_{5} is also found. It too is associated with a remarkably simple decompositon, involving the product of the eight consecutive prime numbers from 2 to 23. We also preliminarily investigate several cases, n > 5, with the use of quasi-Monte Carlo integration. We hope that the various analyses reported will prove useful in deriving a general formula (which evidence suggests will involve the Bernoulli numbers) for the Hall normalization constant for arbitrary n. This would have diverse applications, including quantum inference and universal quantum coding.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, 6 postscript figures. Revised version to appear in J. Phys. A. We make a few slight changes from the previous version, but also add a subsection (III G) in which several variations of the basic problem are newly studied. Rather strong evidence is adduced that the Hall constants are related to partial sums of denominators of the even-indexed Bernoulli numbers, although a general formula is still lackin

Infrared Yang-Mills theory as a spin system. A lattice approach

To verify the conjecture that Yang-Mills theory in the infrared limit is equivalent to a spin system whose excitations are knot solitons, a numerical algorithm based on the inverse Monte Carlo method is proposed. To investigate the stability of the effective spin field action, numerical studies of the renormalization group flow for the coupling constants are suggested. A universality of the effective spin field action is also discussed.Comment: Latex 12 pages, no figures, references added, some comments added, to appear in Phys.Lett.