A Novel Channel Estimation Technique in MIMO-OFDM Mobile Communication Systems

4G Wireless communication systems have the inherent capability to foster the multimedia services in terms of bandwidth and data rate. These systems have very high integrity compared to the conventional wireless communication systems. It can fully support extended multimedia services with High Definition quality, audio and video files. Wireless internet and other broad band services provided superior quality signal transmission and reception. The degree of freedom enjoyed by the technology in terms of scalability and reliability is highly commendable. Any basic wireless transmitter sends information by varying the phase of the signal. In the receiver end, the desired signal can be decoded by appropriate decoding algorithm. The degradation occurs at the conventional receivers due to lack of Channel State Information. The efficiency of 4G system purely relies on the performance of receiver and is purely dependent on the synchronization of estimated instantaneous channel. In any wireless terminal, channel state information provides the in and around status of the channel. It provides the following parameters of the propagating signal (ie) Scattering, Fading and Attenuation. The dynamic estimation of channel state information can be obtained through Enhanced Least Squares channel estimation algorithm. It is based on Multi Carrier Filter Bank Transmission system. This  kind of dynamic estimation can be done with a set of well-known sequence of  coded unique bits .For a transmitter the information propagation is initiated in the form of frame bursts. It enhances the throughput of the system to the required level

Polygamy and child mortality: Historical and modern evidence from Nigeria’s Igbo

We use historical and modern data on the Igbo ethnic group in Nigeria to assess the relationship between polygamy and child mortality. We examine several possible channels for this correlation, and test its sensitivity to observable characteristics of individuals, households, and regions in order to infer the scope for selection on unobservables to drive the polygamy-child mortality correlation. We find a statistically significant positive relationship between polygamy and child mortality in the modern period, and a statistically insignificant positive relationship in the historical data. Although there is a limited role for polygamist-specific intra-household dynamics and behavioral practices in shaping the mortality of children in such households, the sensitivity of the polygamy-child mortality correlation is consistent with an important role for selection into polygamy, particularly on unobservable characteristics

Enhancement of agronomic traits and yield of rice var. ADT 43 grown in typic ustifluvent soil through silicon fertilization

Rice is a rich accumulator of silicon and its supply is essential for the growth and economic yield of rice. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil belonging to Padugai series (Typic ustifluvent) at farmers holding in Kuttalam block, Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu to assess the role of silicon in improving agronomic characters and yield of rice ADT 43, Oryza sativa. The treatments included  T1 -  Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T2 - RDF + Potassium silicate (FS) - 0.25%, T3- RDF + FS - 0.50%, T4 - RDF +FS - 1.00%, T5­ -RDF + FS - 0.25%, T6 - RDF + FS - 0.50%,  T7­ - RDF + FS - 1.00%,  T8 - RDF + SA - 50 kg ha-1, T9 - RDF + SA - 100 kg ha-1 and T10 - RDF + SA- 150 kg ha-1. From T2 to T4, the foliar spray was done at tillering stage and from T5 to T7, the foliar spray was done at tillering and panicle initiation stage.  The silicon was applied through FS with the rice crop. The soil application of silicon relatively recorded higher growth and yield compared to foliar application. Besides improving different agronomic characters of the rice, the soil application of 50 kg Si ha-1 registered the highest grain yield (6183.3 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6740 kg ha-1) and was comparable with a single foliar spray of 1% Si.  Growth and rice yield increased with Si concentration of 0.25% to 1%.  Thus, the soil application of silicon @50 kg ha-1 through potassium silicate is advocated to realize maximum rice yield

Mitigation of human-nature estrangement through pro-environmental behavior in Barbara Kingsolver’s Prodigal Summer

Humans are designed to live in harmony with nature. As time pass by, people have become increasingly disconnected from nature and have begun to control it, considering it an entirely other entity. Man’s environment-destructive behavior is the reason for the human-nature estrangement in this Anthropocene. Bridging and healing the divide is critical because if it is neglected, the ramifications are unimaginable. Focusing on mitigating the human-nature divide, this article is interested in sketching new directions in Barbara Kingsolver’s Prodigal Summer through pro-environmental behavioral analysis. Pro-environmental behavior is the attitude of humans that promotes a healthy and sustainable environment. It is pertinent to have environmentally responsible behavior for the betterment of the planet because people fail to understand that exploiting nature for their benefit often backfires. There are many approaches to mitigate human-nature estrangement, but using pro-environmental behavior to diminish the dichotomy is feasible and practical. Various studies have analyzed this novel from various perspectives but the present study analyzes the pro-environmental aspects of the novel to blur the human-nature dichotomy

Growing urban anxiety and eco-dystopia in Usha K. R.’s Monkey Man

Urban anxiety is the wretched condition people undergo due to urbanization, and they become apprehensive when thinking about a sustainable future. When a city becomes urban, some people are thrilled to explore the elevated opportunities it provides, while some fear the havoc of urbanization. The following research is based on Usha K.R.’s Monkey Man, which seeks to understand how Bangalore city witnessed a massive transformation due to urbanization from being a pensioner’s paradise to India’s renowned Silicon Valley and India’s giant IT hub. The objectives of this research are two-fold (i) to understand how urbanization makes people’s lives anxious, and (ii) to analyze how urbanization also causes environmental distress leading to eco-dystopia. Monkey Man has been the subject of urban studies, yet the notions of anxiety and dystopia are relevant today. It intends to remind the city dwellers that they can survive with minimal nature exposure but cannot live a wholesome life without it. The objectives of this research could be achieved by combining the idea of urbanization and eco-dystopia with ecocritical theory

Not your average job: Measuring farm labor in Tanzania

Understanding the constraints to agricultural growth in Africa relies on the accurate measurement of smallholder labor. Yet, serious weaknesses in these statistics persist. The extent of bias in smallholder labor data is examined by conducting a randomized survey experiment among farming households in rural Tanzania. Agricultural labor estimates obtained through weekly surveys are compared with the results of reporting in a single end-of-season recall survey. The findings show strong evidence of recall bias: people in traditional recall-style modules reported working up to four times as many hours per person-plot as those reporting labor on a weekly basis. Recall bias manifests both in the intensive and extensive margins of labor reporting: while hours are over-reported in recall, the number of people and plots active in agricultural work are under-reported. The evidence suggests that this recall bias is driven not only by failures in memory, but also by the mental burdens of reporting on highly variable agricultural work patterns to provide a typical estimate. All things equal, studies suffering from this bias would understate agricultural labor productivity

Primary Laryngeal Aspergillosis in the Immunocompetent Patient

Introduction Fungal infections of the larynx are truly rare in immunocompetent people with only a handful of cases reported in the past five decades. Here we present a case series of 3 people (from 2019 to 2021), with no comorbid conditions, who presented with primary laryngeal aspergillosis. Materials and Methods Three patients with primary aspergillosis of the larynx were seen in the ENT outpatient department from 2019 to 2021, aged between 40-50 years of which two were females and one patient was a male. We describe the clinical presentation of each patient. Discussion Aspergillosis of the larynx usually occurs secondary to bronchopulmonary infections in the immunocompromised. The usual etiological factors include prolonged use of inhaled steroids, cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy, smoking, mucosal injury, and antibiotic abuse. Persistent hoarseness of voice is the most common presenting symptom. Video laryngoscopy reveals erythema, oedema, hyperkeratosis, adherent white plaques, shallow ulcerations, and grey or white pseudo membrane formation over the vocal cords. Definitive diagnosis is done by the demonstration of hyphae either by KOH staining, culture in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar at 28 degrees Celsius, or tissue biopsy. Conclusion Primary aspergillosis of the larynx has occurred more frequently in recent times. Aspergillosis of the larynx can often mimic malignant or premalignant lesions. Persistent hoarseness of voice not responding to treatment should also raise a suspicion of fungal laryngitis, in the clinician and relatively simple treatment be done before significant morbidity occurs

The Effects of Apolipoprotein F Deficiency on High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Metabolism in Mice

Apolipoprotein F (apoF) is 29 kilodalton secreted sialoglycoprotein that resides on the HDL and LDL fractions of human plasma. Human ApoF is also known as Lipid Transfer Inhibitor protein (LTIP) based on its ability to inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)-mediated transfer events between lipoproteins. In contrast to other apolipoproteins, ApoF is predicted to lack strong amphipathic alpha helices and its true physiological function remains unknown. We previously showed that overexpression of Apolipoprotein F in mice reduced HDL cholesterol levels by 20–25% by accelerating clearance from the circulation. In order to investigate the effect of physiological levels of ApoF expression on HDL cholesterol metabolism, we generated ApoF deficient mice. Unexpectedly, deletion of ApoF had no substantial impact on plasma lipid concentrations, HDL size, lipid or protein composition. Sex-specific differences were observed in hepatic cholesterol content as well as serum cholesterol efflux capacity. Female ApoF KO mice had increased liver cholesteryl ester content relative to wild type controls on a chow diet (KO: 3.4+/−0.9 mg/dl vs. WT: 1.2+/−0.3 mg/dl, p<0.05). No differences were observed in ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity in either sex. Interestingly, ApoB-depleted serum from male KO mice was less effective at promoting ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from J774 macrophages relative to WT controls