Spiral-like star-forming patterns in CALIFA early-type galaxies

Based on a combined analysis of SDSS imaging and CALIFA integral field spectroscopy data, we report on the detection of faint (24 < {\mu}$_r$ mag/arcsec$^2$ < 26) star-forming spiral-arm-like features in the periphery of three nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs). These features are of considerable interest because they document the still ongoing inside-out growth of some local ETGs and may add valuable observational insight into the origin and evolution of spiral structure in triaxial stellar systems. A characteristic property of the nebular component in the studied ETGs, classified i+, is a two-radial-zone structure, with the inner zone that displays faint (EW(H\alpha)$\simeq$1{\AA}) low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) properties, and the outer one (3{\AA}<EW(H\alpha)<~20{\AA}) HII-region characteristics. This spatial segregation of nebular emission in two physically distinct concentric zones calls for an examination of aperture effects in studies of type i+ ETGs with single-fiber spectroscopic data.Comment: Accepted to A&A, 5 pages, 1 figur

Spectroscopic aperture biases in inside-out evolving early-type galaxies from CALIFA

Integral field spectroscopy studies based on CALIFA data have recently revealed the presence of ongoing low-level star formation (SF) in the periphery of ~10% of local early-type galaxies (ETGs), witnessing a still ongoing inside-out galaxy growth process. A distinctive property of the nebular component in these ETGs, classified i+, is a two-radial-zone structure, with the inner zone displaying LINER emission with a H\alpha equivalent width EW~1{\AA}, and the outer one (3{\AA}<EW<~20{\AA}) showing HII-region characteristics. Using CALIFA IFS data, we empirically demonstrate that the confinement of nebular emission to the galaxy periphery leads to a strong aperture (or, redshift) bias in spectroscopic single-fiber studies of type i+ ETGs: At low redshift (<~0.45), SDSS spectroscopy is restricted to the inner (SF-devoid LINER) zone, thereby leading to their erroneous classification as "retired" galaxies (systems lacking SF and whose faint emission is powered by pAGB stars). Only at higher z's the SDSS aperture can encompass the outer SF zone, permitting their unbiased classification as "composite SF/LINER". We also demonstrate that the principal effect of a decreasing aperture on the classification of i+ ETGs via standard BPT emission-line ratios consists in a monotonic up-right shift precisely along the upper-right wing of the "seagull" distribution. Motivated by these insights, we also investigate theoretically these biases in aperture-limited studies of inside-out growing galaxies as a function of z. To this end, we devise a simple model, which involves an outwardly propagating SF process, that reproduces the radial extent and two-zone EW distribution of i+ ETGs. By simulating on this model the spectroscopic SDSS aperture, we find that SDSS studies at z<~1 are progressively restricted to the inner LINER-zone, and miss an increasingly large portion of the H\alpha-emitting periphery.Comment: Accepted to A&A, 6 pages, 4 figure

CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey: IV. Third public data release

This paper describes the third public data release (DR3) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. Science-grade quality data for 667 galaxies are made public, including the 200 galaxies of the second public data release (DR2). Data were obtained with the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. Three different spectral setups are available: i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the wavelength range 3745-7500 Å (4240-7140 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å (FWHM) for 646 galaxies, ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the wavelength range 3650-4840 Å (3650-4620 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 2.3 Å (FWHM) for 484 galaxies, and iii) the combination of the cubes from both setups (called COMBO) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å and a wavelength range between 3700-7500 Å (3700-7140 Å unvignetted) for 446 galaxies. The Main Sample, selected and observed according to the CALIFA survey strategy covers a redshift range between 0.005 and 0.03, spans the color-magnitude diagram and probes a wide range of stellar masses, ionization conditions, and morphological types. The Extension Sample covers several types of galaxies that are rare in the overall galaxy population and are therefore not numerous or absent in the CALIFA Main Sample. All the cubes in the data release were processed using the latest pipeline, which includes improved versions of the calibration frames and an even further improved image reconstruction quality. In total, the third data release contains 1576 datacubes, including ~1.5 million independent spectra. © 2016 ESO.SFS thanks the CONACYT-125180 and DGAPA-IA100815 projects for providing him support in this study. R.G.B., R.G.D., and E.P. are supported by grants AYA2014-57490-P and JA-FQM-2828. SZ is supported by the EU Marie Curie Integration Grant >SteMaGE> No. PCIG12-GA-2012-326466 (Call Identifier: FP7-PEOPLE-2012 CIG). J. F.-B. from grant AYA2013-48226-C3-1-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), as well as from the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission, via the Initial Training Network DAGAL under REA grant agreement 289313 B.G-L- acknowledges financial support by the Spanish MINECO under grants AYA2013-41656-P and AYA2015-68217-P Support for L.G. is provided by the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC12009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS. L.G. also acknowledges support by CONICYT through FONDECYT grant 3140566, and AYA2013-42227-P from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and TIC 114 and PO08-TIC-3531 from Junta de Andalucia. AG acknowledges support from the FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement no. 267251 (AstroFIt). RAM was funded by the Spanish programme of International Campus of Excellence Moncloa (CEI). JMA acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild). I.M. and A.d.O. acknowledge the support by the projects AYA2010-15196 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and TIC 114 and PO08-TIC-3531 from Junta de Andalucia. AMI acknowledges support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the STILISM project (ANR-12-BS05-0016-02). M.M. acknowledges financial support from AYA2010-21887-004-02 from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. PSB acknowledges support from the Ramon y Cajal program, grant ATA2010-21322-C03-02 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). C.J.W. acknowledges support through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant 303912. V.W. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDMorph P.I. V. Wild) and European Career Re-integration Grant (Phiz-Ev P.I. V. Wild). YA acknowledges financial support from the Ramon y Cajal programme (RyC-2011-09461) and project AYA2013-47742-C4-3-P, both managed by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, as well as the >Study of Emission-Line Galaxies with Integral Field Spectroscopy> (SELGIFS) programme, funded by the EU (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES-612701) within the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions scheme. ROM acknowledges support from CAPES (Brazil) through a PDJ fellowship from project 88881.030413/2013-01, program CSF-PVE.Peer Reviewe

Registro Español de Trasplante Cardiaco: XXXI Informe Oficial de la Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología

[Abstract] Introduction and objectives. The present report describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants in Spain and updates the data to 2019. Methods. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants performed in Spain in 2019, as well as trends in this procedure from 2010 to 2018. Results. In 2019, 300 transplants were performed (8794 since 1984; 2745 between 2010 and 2019). Compared with previous years, the most notable findings were the decreasing rate of urgent transplants (38%), and the consolidation of the type of circulatory support prior to transplant, with an almost complete disappearance of counterpulsation balloon (0.7%), stabilization in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (9.6%), and an increase in the use of ventricular assist devices (29.0%). Survival from 2016 to 2018 was similar to that from 2013 to 2015 (P=.34). Survival in both these periods was better than that from 2010 to 2012 (P=.002 and P=.01, respectively). Conclusions. Heart transplant activity has remained stable during the last few years, as have outcomes (in terms of survival). There has been a trend to a lower rate of urgent transplants and to a higher use of ventricular assist devices prior to transplant.[Resumen] Introducción y objetivos. Se presentan las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en España con la actualización correspondiente a 2019. Métodos. Se describen las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en 2019, así como las tendencias de estos en el periodo 2010-2018. Resultados. En 2019 se realizaron 300 trasplantes (8.794 desde 1984; 2.745 entre 2010 y 2019). Respecto a años previos, los cambios más llamativos son el descenso hasta el 38% de los trasplantes realizados en código urgente, y la consolidación en el cambio de asistencia circulatoria pretrasplante, con la práctica desaparición del balón de contrapulsación (0,7%), la estabilización del uso del oxigenador extracorpóreo de membrana (9,6%) y el aumento de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (29%). La supervivencia en el trienio 2016-2018 es similar a la del trienio 2013-2015 (p=0,34), y ambas mejores que la del trienio 2010-2012 (p=0,002 y p=0,01 respectivamente). Conclusiones. Se mantienen estables tanto la actividad del trasplante cardiaco en España como los resultados en supervivencia en los últimos 2 trienios. Hay una tendencia a realizar menos trasplantes urgentes, la mayoría con dispositivos de asistencia ventricular

Cold ischemia >4 hours increases heart transplantation mortality. An analysis of the Spanish heart transplantation registry

[Abstract] Background. Cold ischemia time (CIT) has been associated to heart transplantation (HT) prognosis. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the CIT cutoff value that might have relevant clinical implications. Methods. We analyzed all adults that received a first HT during the period 2008–2018. CIT was defined as the time between the cross-clamp of the donor aorta and the reperfusion of the heart. Primary outcome was 1-month mortality. Results. We included 2629 patients, mean age was 53.3 ± 12.1 years and 655 (24.9%) were female. Mean CIT was 202 ± 67 min (minimum 20 min, maximum 600 min). One-month mortality per CIT quartile was 9, 12, 13, and 19%. One-year mortality per CIT quartile was 16, 19, 21, and 28%. CIT was an independent predictor of 1-month mortality, but only in the last quartile of CIT >246 min (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.49–3.08, p < .001). We found no relevant differences in CIT during the study period. However, the impact of CIT in 1-month and 1-year mortality decreased with time (p value for the distribution of ischemic time by year 0.01), particularly during the last 5 years. Conclusions. Although the impact of CIT in HT prognosis seems to be decreasing in the last years, CIT in the last quartile (>246 min) is associated with 1-month and 1-year mortality. Our findings suggest the need to limit HT with CIT > 246 min or to use different myocardial preservation systems if the expected CIT is >4 h

Registro Español de Trasplante Cardiaco: XXIX Informe Oficial de la Sección de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (1984-2017)

[Resumen] Introducción y objetivos. Se actualizan las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en España en el periodo 2008-2017. Métodos. Se describen las características de los receptores, los donantes, los procedimientos quirúrgicos y los resultados de los trasplantes realizados en 2017 y se ponen en contexto respecto a los del periodo 2008-2016. Resultados. En 2017 se realizaron 304 trasplantes. Desde 1984, se han realizado 8.173 trasplantes, 2.689 de ellos desde 2008. Para el periodo 2008-2017, se observan tendencias temporales significativas en las características del receptor (menores resistencias vasculares pulmonares, menos ventilación mecánica previa al trasplante, mayor tasa de diabéticos y cirugía cardiaca previa), el donante (de más edad, más donantes mujeres y más donantes con parada cardiaca) y el procedimiento (menos tiempo de isquemia). En 2017, el 27% de los trasplantes se realizaron previa asistencia ventricular mecánica (p < 0,001 para la tendencia). En la última década, se observa una tendencia a una mejor supervivencia. Conclusiones. La actividad de trasplante cardiaco se estabiliza en alrededor de 300 procedimientos al año. Se extiende el uso de dispositivos de asistencia ventricular antes del trasplante, con tendencia a la mejora de la supervivencia

Impacto de la edad del donante-receptor en la supervivencia al trasplante cardiaco. Subanálisis del Registro Español de Trasplante Cardiaco

[Abstract] Introduction and objectives. The age of heart transplant recipients and donors is progressively increasing. It is likely that not all donor-recipient age combinations have the same impact on mortality. The objective of this work was to compare survival in transplant recipients according to donor-recipient age combinations. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of transplants performed between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2017 in the Spanish Heart Transplant Registry. Pediatric transplants, retransplants and combined transplants were excluded (6505 transplants included). Four groups were considered: a) donor < 50 years for recipient < 65 years; b) donor < 50 years for recipient ≥ 65 years; c) donor ≥ 50 years for recipient ≥ 65 years, and d) donor ≥ 50 years for recipient < 65 years. Results. The most frequent group was young donor for young recipient (73%). There were differences in the median survival between the groups (P < .001): a) younger-younger: 12.1 years, 95%CI, 11.5-12.6; b) younger-older: 9.1 years, 95%CI, 8.0-10.5; c) older-older: 7.5 years, 95%CI, 2.8-11.0; d) older-younger: 10.5 years, 95%CI, 9.6-12.1. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of mortality were the age of the donor and the recipient (0.008 and 0.001, respectively). The worst combinations were older-older vs younger-younger (HR, 1.57; 95%CI, 1.22-2.01; P < .001) and younger-older vs younger-younger (HR, 1.33; 95%CI, 1.12-1.58; P = .001). Conclusions. Age (of the donor and recipient) is a relevant prognostic factor in heart transplant. The donor-recipient age combination has prognostic implications that should be identified when accepting an organ for transplant.[Resumen] Introducción y objetivos. La edad de receptores y donantes cardiacos se está incrementando progresivamente. Es probable que no todas las combinaciones tengan el mismo impacto en la mortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la supervivencia de los pacientes trasplantados según la combinación de edades de donante y receptor. Métodos. Análisis retrospectivo del Registro Español de Trasplante Cardiaco de los trasplantes realizados entre el 1 de enero de 1993 y el 31 de diciembre de 2017. Se excluyeron los pediátricos, los retrasplantes y los trasplantes combinados (se incluyeron 6.505 trasplantes). Se consideraron 4 grupos: a) donante menor de 50 años para receptor menor de 65 años; b) donante menor de 50 años para receptor de edad ≥ 65 años; c) donante de edad ≥ 50 años para receptor de 65 o más, y d) donante de edad ≥ 50 años para receptor menor de 65. Resultados. El grupo más frecuente fue el de donante joven para receptor joven (73%). Hubo diferencias en la mediana de supervivencia entre los grupos (p < 0,001): a) joven-joven: 12,1 años (IC95%, 11,5-12,6); b) joven-mayor: 9,1 años (IC95%, 8,0-10,5); c) mayor-mayor: 7,5 años (IC95%, 2,8-11,0), y d) mayor-joven: 10,5 años (IC95%, 9,6-12,1). En el análisis multivariante, las edades del donante y del receptor resultaron predictoras independientes de la mortalidad (0,008 y 0,001 respectivamente). Las peores combinaciones fueron mayor-mayor frente a joven-joven (HR = 1,57; IC95%, 1,22-2,01; p < 0,001) y joven-mayor frente a joven-joven (HR = 1,33; IC95%, 1,12-1,58; p = 0,001). Conclusiones. La edad (del donante y del receptor) es un factor pronóstico relevante en el trasplante cardiaco. La combinación de edades de donante y receptor posee implicaciones pronósticas que se debe conocer a la hora de aceptar un órgano para trasplante

Malignancy following heart transplantation: differences in incidence and prognosis between sexes – a multicenter cohort study

[Abstract] Male patients are at increased risk for developing malignancy postheart transplantation (HT); however, real incidence and prognosis in both genders remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess differences in incidence and mortality related to malignancy between genders in a large cohort of HT patients. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated for all tumors, skin cancers (SCs), lymphoma, and nonskin solid cancers (NSSCs) as well as survival since first diagnosis of neoplasia. 5865 patients (81.6% male) were included. Total incidence rates for all tumors, SCs, and NSSCs were lower in females [all tumors: 25.7 vs. 44.8 per 1000 person‐years; rate ratio (RR) 0.68, (0.60–0.78), P < 0.001]. Mortality rates were also lower in females for all tumors [94.0 (77.3–114.3) vs. 129.6 (120.9–138.9) per 1000 person‐years; RR 0.76, (0.62–0.94), P = 0.01] and for NSSCs [125.0 (95.2–164.0) vs 234.7 (214.0–257.5) per 1000 person‐years; RR 0.60 (0.44–0.80), P = 0.001], albeit not for SCs or lymphoma. Female sex was associated with a better survival after diagnosis of malignancy [log‐rank p test = 0.0037; HR 0.74 (0.60–0.91), P = 0.004]. In conclusion, incidence of malignancies post‐HT is higher in males than in females, especially for SCs and NSSCs. Prognosis after cancer diagnosis is also worse in males

Clinical Practice Guideline on Melanoma From the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV)

El diagnóstico y tratamiento del melanoma en atención especializada es un campo en el que se han producido numerosos cambios. El objetivo de esta guía es ofrecer a los dermatólogos españoles una referencia para resolver las dudas clínicas más frecuentes basándose en la evidencia actual. Para la realización de esta guía se escogió a miembros del Grupo Español de Dermato-Oncología y Cirugía con experiencia en el tratamiento de estos tumores y con interés en participar en la elaboración de la guía. Se hizo una adaptación de las guías de práctica clínica existentes mediante el método ADAPTE: inicialmente se resumió el proceso de atención y se elaboraron las preguntas clínicas relevantes. Se seleccionaron las guías mejor puntuadas mediante el instrumento AGREE II, realizando la búsqueda de las respuestas en dichas guías y elaborando las recomendaciones. Finalmente se sometió la guía a revisión externa. La guía se estructuró a partir de 21 preguntas clínicas que fueron seleccionadas por su relevancia, dado que se centran en aspectos que pueden plantear decisiones difíciles en el manejo del melanoma, y se han respondido empleando la evidencia obtenida de las mejores guías existentes. Entre las limitaciones de esta guía merece reseñarse que la evidencia es escasa para responder a algunas preguntas. En algunos aspectos el cambio es rápido y exige una actualización frecuente de la guía. Esta guía responde a preguntas habituales sobre el manejo del melanoma en la práctica clínica diaria, sirviendo a los dermatólogos como referencia en la toma de decisiones, siempre teniendo presente los recursos y preferencias del paciente