El valor de los humedales artificiales: el caso de la laguna de Meco

Póster presentado en el XXII Congreso Español de Ornitología, celebrado en Madrid en diciembre de 2014.La pérdida progresiva de humedales naturales ha hecho que las aves acuáticas usen cada vez más hábitats alternativos de origen antrópico, como graveras, balsas de riego o embalses. La laguna de Meco, de origen artificial y situada en el noreste de la Comunidad de Madrid, se ha convertido en uno de los humedales de mayor importancia de la región. Se llevaron a cabo censos quincenales durante la migración e invernada de 2011- 2012 y la reproducción de 2014 para describir el patrón de variación temporal en la abundancia y riqueza de especies y de los principales grupos taxonómicos y la diversidad (índice inverso de Simpson).Peer reviewe

Frailty in community-dwelling older adults : association with adverse outcomes

The study of frailty is important to identify the additional needs of medical long-term care and prevent adverse outcomes in community dwelling older adults. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of frailty and its association with adverse outcomes in community dwelling older adults. A cross-sectional study was carried out from April to September 2014. The population sample was 1,252 older adults (≥60 years) who were beneficiaries of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) in Mexico City. Data were derived from the database of the "Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults" (COSFOMA). Operationalization of the phenotype of frailty was performed using the criteria of Fried et al (weight loss, self-report of exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait, and weakness). Adverse outcomes studied were limitation in basic activities of daily living (ADLs), falls and admission to emergency services in the previous year, and low quality of life (WHOQOL-OLD). Frailty was identified in 20.6% (n=258), pre-frailty in 57.6% (n=721), and not frail in 21.8% (n=273). The association between frailty and limitations in ADL was odds ratio (OR) =2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-3.2) and adjusted OR =1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.4); falls OR =1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.1) and adjusted OR =1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.9); admission to emergency services OR =1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.1) and adjusted OR =1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.4); low quality of life OR =3.4 (95% CI 2.6-4.6) and adjusted OR =2.1 (95% CI 1.5-2.9). Approximately 2 out of 10 older adults demonstrate frailty. This is associated with limitations in ADL, falls, and admission to emergency rooms during the previous year as well as low quality of life

Risk factors for the development of cervical cancer: analysis of the evidence

IntroductionCervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most prevalent female cancer globally. Understanding its epidemiology is crucial for devising practical strategies suited to geographic and social contexts to attain the global eradication of CC. Hence, this study examined the latest evidence of risk factors contributing to CC development.MethodsAn independent literature search was conducted on PubMed using MESH terms. The primary sources were meta-analyses published from 2010 to 2023, which detail updated evidence on risk factors associated with CC. Additionally, the quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system and recommendations were made accordingly.ResultsThe main risk factors related to the cause of CC include co-infections with other sexually transmitted infections, genetic markers, cervicovaginal microbiota, nutritional factors, comorbidities that affect the immune response, smoking, and the use of hormonal contraceptives with a quality evidence based on the GRADE scale moderate.ConclusionsSince the necessary cause for CC is persistent cervicovaginal HPV, all the risk factors implicated in the causality of CC act as non-independent cofactors that increase the risk of CC. Thus, changes in public policies aimed at addressing these risk factors are highly recommended and can substantially decrease the risk of CC

Diversity of HLA Class I and Class II blocks and conserved extended haplotypes in Lacandon Mayans.

Here we studied HLA blocks and haplotypes in a group of 218 Lacandon Maya Native American using a high-resolution next generation sequencing (NGS) method. We assessed the genetic diversity of HLA class I and class II in this population, and determined the most probable ancestry of Lacandon Maya HLA class I and class II haplotypes. Importantly, this Native American group showed a high degree of both HLA homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium across the HLA region and also lower class II HLA allelic diversity than most previously reported populations (including other Native American groups). Distinctive alleles present in the Lacandon population include HLA-A*24:14 and HLA-B*40:08. Furthermore, in Lacandons we observed a high frequency of haplotypes containing the allele HLA-DRB1*04:11, a relatively frequent allele in comparison with other neighboring indigenous groups. The specific demographic history of the Lacandon population including inbreeding, as well as pathogen selection, may have elevated the frequencies of a small number of HLA class II alleles and DNA blocks. To assess the possible role of different selective pressures in determining Native American HLA diversity, we evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 and pathogen richness for a global dataset and for Native American populations alone. In keeping with previous studies of such relationships we included distance from Africa as a covariate. After correction for multiple comparisons we did not find any significant relationship between pathogen diversity and HLA genetic diversity (as measured by polymorphism information content) in either our global dataset or the Native American subset of the dataset. We found the expected negative relationship between genetic diversity and distance from Africa in the global dataset, but no relationship between HLA genetic diversity and distance from Africa when Native American populations were considered alone

Direct medical cost of COVID-19 in children hospitalized at a tertiary referral healthcare center in Mexico City

IntroductionDespite the end of the COVID-19 pandemic being declared by the WHO, the economic consequences are far from over. One of these implications was the cost of inpatient care for health institutions. To date, some studies have examined the economic burden of COVID-19 in the adult population but only a few have focused on child populations.ObjectiveTo estimate the direct medical costs of COVID-19, focusing on children in Mexico.MethodData about resources consumed during hospital stays were extracted from the medical records of patients hospitalized at a Mexican tertiary healthcare institution. Other sources of information were the unit prices of inputs and the salaries of health personnel. A micro-costing methodology was used to obtain cost results by age group over different hospital areas. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and regression models to evaluate the predictors of total cost.ResultsOne hundred and ten medical records were reviewed of which 57.3% corresponded to male patients and the mean age was 7.2 years old. The estimated average cost per patient was US$5,943 (95$4,249–7,637). When the costs of the three clinical areas were summed, only the 5–10 years old group showed a maximum cost of US$14,000. The regression analysis revealed the following factors as significant: sex, age, staying at an emergency room, having a positive bacterial culture, and having comorbidities.DiscussionThe cost results were somewhat similar to those reported in children from the USA, but only regarding low severity COVID-19 cases. However, comparability between these types of studies should be done with caution due to the huge differences between the healthcare systems of countries. The study cost results may help public decision-makers in budget planning and as inputs for future cost-effectiveness studies about interventions regarding COVID-19

The late Early Pleistocene site of Fuente Nueva-3 (Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain): a hyena latrine developed on a quicksand trap for megaherbivores?

The late Early Pleistocene archaeological site of Fuente Nueva-3 (FN3), which lies in the Guadix-Baza Depression (SE Spain) and is dated to ~ 1.4 Ma, contributes some of the oldest evidence of hominin presence in Western Europe, including a huge tool assemblage of Oldowan tradition, manuports (i.e., unmodified stones used as percussion tools) and abundant fossils of large mammals, some of which preserve anthropogenic marks related to defleshing, butchering and marrow processing. In addition, there are bones with tooth marks produced by scavenging carnivores. The fertile layers of the FN3 section have been grouped in a lower archaeological level (LAL) and an upper archaeological level (UAL). Both levels preserve abundant skeletal remains and lithic tools. However, the LAL shows a high density of manuports, which suggests that hominin activity was more intense at this level, while the UAL preserves many remains of megaherbivores, particularly proboscideans (Mammuthus meridionalis), and almost all coprolites unearthed from the site, which points to a greater involvement of the giant hyenas (Pachycrocuta brevirostris). In this paper, we (i) test for statistical differences in the composition of the faunal assemblages preserved in the UAL and LAL; and (ii) analyze particle size in the fertile layers of both archaeological levels. Our results show that megaherbivores are comparatively overrepresented in the UAL, specially by young elephants, while other medium-to-large and large-sized ungulates, particularly equids, are more abundant in the LAL, showing a predominance of adult individualsFounding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Distribución espacial de bracónidos (Hymenoptera) reportados en el estado de Oaxaca

Se presenta un listado de 300 morfoespecies, de las cuales se determinaron 83 especies y 146 géneros de Braconidae en el estado de Oaxaca. Se analizó la distribución espacial de los bracónidos registrados y se georreferenciaron los datos. Elaborándose un Sistema de Información Geográfica con los datos de cada especie registrada en literatura y material depositado en colecciones científicas. Las regiones con mayor abundancia de géneros fueron Costa, Valles Centrales e Istmo y las subfamilias más diversas fueron Agathidinae y Doryctinae. Para la selva mediana subperennifolia, se registró el mayor número de géneros (81), entre los más representativos se encontraron Heterospilus, Opius y Bracon.  En zonas con temperaturas cálidas se registró el 85 % de los géneros, incluyendo representantes de las subfamilias Alysiinae, Euphorinae, Doryctinae y Microgastrinae. El clima con mayor presencia de bracónidos fue el cálido subhúmedo y las subfamilias más abundantes fueron Doryctinae y Microgastrinae. En el clima semicálido subhúmedo se encontraron especialmente especímenes de Agathidinae. Los parasitoides se distribuyeron desde los 20 a 2900 msnm, pero el mayor número de registros se encontró a una altitud de 736 m y el género Heterospilus fue el mejor representado

Metodologías Activas para los “Cuidados de enfermería en el adulto con problemas en la eliminación urinaria y digestiva” de la asignatura Enfermería del Adulto III. Realidad Virtual para el marcaje del estoma

Dentro de la asignatura Enfermería de Adulto III hay un contenido denominado “Cuidados de enfermería en el adulto con problemas en la eliminación urinaria y digestiva”. El cuidado del estoma digestivo es una intervención principalmente de enfermería, por lo tanto, su formación y capacitación en este campo es imprescindible para garantizar la autonomía en los pacientes con estoma digestivo. Así pues, se hace necesaria la búsqueda y el establecimiento de las mejores prácticas pedagógicas para mejorar el aprendizaje y potenciar la formación de los alumnos de Grado en Enfermería para un desempeño autónomo y pertinente a las demandas sociales vinculadas al autocuidado de los pacientes con estoma digestivo. Por esta razón se elabora el presente proyecto, cuyo objetivo principal consiste en implementar las metodologías activas (MA) como estrategia didáctica para mejorar el nivel de enseñanza/aprendizaje en los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería en el abordaje de las personas con estoma digestivo y analizar si estas metodologías mejoran su aprendizaje. Dentro de la gran variedad de métodos de aprendizaje activo, se ha seleccionado el Flipped Classroom (aula invertida), la Gamificación y la Realidad Virtual. El interés en estas MA se debe a su carácter innovador y por estar en pleno apogeo didáctico, además de los resultados relevantes mostrados en diferentes acciones formativas y los múltiples beneficios para el desarrollo del aprendizaje del alumno. Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos, se organizará un seminario que se impartirá en los Campus Universitarios de Ceuta, Melilla y Granada. En una primera sesión se presentará el proyecto a los docentes encargados de la asignatura y se tendrá una primera toma de contacto con los alumnos, explicándoles cómo se va a desarrollar la acción formativa, así como la posibilidad de otorgar o no su consentimiento de participación. Tras finalizar la experiencia se llevará a cabo la evaluación de los resultados obtenidos, así como el impacto que han tenido las sesiones en los estudiantes a través de una encuesta de satisfacción

Diseño y desarrollo de un curso de formación en el entorno Moodle sobre el desarrollo de competencias éticas

Se diseñan y desarrollan materiales para dos cursos que se prueban en entorno moodle sobre las competencias éticas de "engañar para aprobar" y "ocultar información"

Native American ancestry significantly contributes to neuromyelitis optica susceptibility in the admixed Mexican population

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease with a higher prevalence in non-European populations. Because the Mexican population resulted from the admixture between mainly Native American and European populations, we used genome-wide microarray, HLA high-resolution typing and AQP4 gene sequencing data to analyze genetic ancestry and to seek genetic variants conferring NMO susceptibility in admixed Mexican patients. A total of 164 Mexican NMO patients and 1,208 controls were included. On average, NMO patients had a higher proportion of Native American ancestry than controls (68.1% vs 58.6%; p = 5 × 10–6). GWAS identified a HLA region associated with NMO, led by rs9272219 (OR = 2.48, P = 8 × 10–10). Class II HLA alleles HLA-DQB1*03:01, -DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*16:02, -DRB1*14:06 and -DQB1*04:02 showed the most significant associations with NMO risk. Local ancestry estimates suggest that all the NMO-associated alleles within the HLA region are of Native American origin. No novel or missense variants in the AQP4 gene were found in Mexican patients with NMO or multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study supporting the notion that Native American ancestry significantly contributes to NMO susceptibility in an admixed population, and is consistent with differences in NMO epidemiology in Mexico and Latin America.Fil: Romero Hidalgo, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Flores Rivera, José. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Rivas Alonso, Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Barquera, Rodrigo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; MéxicoFil: Villarreal Molina, María Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Antuna Puente, Bárbara. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Macias Kauffer, Luis Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Villalobos Comparán, Marisela. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ortiz Maldonado, Jair. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Yu, Neng. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Lebedeva, Tatiana V.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Alosco, Sharon M.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: García Rodríguez, Juan Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: González Torres, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Rosas Madrigal, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ordoñez, Graciela. Neuroimmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Guerrero Camacho, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Treviño Frenk, Irene. American British Cowdray Medical Center; México. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Escamilla Tilch, Monica. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: García Lechuga, Maricela. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Tovar Méndez, Víctor Hugo. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Pacheco Ubaldo, Hanna. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Bortolini, María Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Gallo, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Rothhammer, Francisco. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz Linares, Andrés. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Canizales Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Yunis, Edmond. Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Granados, Julio. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Corona, Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Méxic