Constructing the legitimacy of a financial cooperative in the cultural sector : a case study using textual analysis

This paper investigates the foundations of cooperative identity and how it is constructed by the organisation. More specifically, our research focuses on a financial cooperative in the simultaneously emerging and consolidating cultural sector. The originality of this paper lies in the methodology used—textual analysis. We use the Economies of Worth model developed by Boltanski & Thévenot (2006), which accounts for a plurality of legitimate forms of evaluation used in the processes of critique and justification.COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE;ECONOMIES OF WORTH;ORGANIZATIONAL VALUE;SOCIAL ECONOMY

Comparaison de techniques d’identification des Erwinia et des Pseudomonas responsables de la pourriture molle

Trois méthodes, soit la caractérisation physiologique, l'utilisation de systèmes miniaturisés d'identification (API 20E, API NFT et Biolog) et l'analyse du profil électrophorétique des protéines sécrétées, ont été expérimentées afin de déterminer une technique précise et rapide d'identification des Pseudomonas et des Erwinia responsables de la pourriture molle. L'analyse des patrons électrophorétiques des protéines sécrétées est une méthode très efficace pour identifier les différentes espèces pectinolytiques de Pseudomonas fluorescents. Le système Biolog reconnaît efficacement le P. marginalis et le P. viridiflava. Le système API NFT est efficace pour l'identification du P. marginalis, du P. viridiflava et du P. syringae. C'est le système API 20E qui s'est avéré le plus efficace pour l'identification des Erwinia. L'électrophorèse des protéines sécrétées et le système API NFT permettent une identification rapide et efficace des Pseudomonas, tandis que pour les Erwinia, seul le système API20E est performant.Three methods, namely physiological characterization, the use of miniaturized identification Systems (API 20E, API NFT, and Biolog) and the analysis of the electrophoretic profile of proteins secreted by the bacteria, were used in order to determine a precise and quick identification technique for the Pseudomonas and Erwinia species causing soft rots in several plant species. The analysis of the electrophoretic profile of the proteins secreted is a very efficient method of identification for the various pectinolytic species of fluorescent Pseudomonas. The Biolog System accurately recognizes P. marginalisand P. viridiflava. The API NFT System is efficient for the identification of P. marginalis, P. viridiflava and P. syringae. The API 20E System was found to be the most reliable System for identifying Erwinia species. The electrophoresis of proteins secreted and the API NFT system allow a quick and efficient identification of Pseudomonas species, while for Erwinia species, only the API 20E System is efficient

Le régime juridique applicable aux ouvrages de retenue des eaux au Québec

Les inondations survenues dans plusieurs régions du Québec au cours de l'été 1996 ont amené une remise en question du régime juridique applicable à l'implantation, à l'érection, à l'exploitation et à la surveillance de nombreux ouvrages de retenue des eaux en existence au Québec. Dans le présent article, les auteurs examinent quatre aspects de ce régime juridique afin d'en évaluer l'efficacité à l'égard de la sécurité des ouvrages de retenue. Ils retracent d'abord l'évolution des dispositions législatives consacrant le droit d'ériger des ouvrages de retenue des eaux. L'érection de tels ouvrages nécessitant dans plusieurs cas l'occupation du domaine public hydrique, les auteurs abordent ensuite les régimes de concession de ces droits d'occupation et des droits d'utilisation des forces hydrauliques. La troisième section porte sur les mécanismes de contrôle imposés lors de la construction et de l'exploitation des ouvrages. Enfin, les auteurs font un survol des principes concernant la responsabilité civile prévue dans le Code civil du Québec et s'attardent particulièrement sur le régime de responsabilité propre aux ouvrages de retenue des eaux établi dans la Loi sur le régime des eaux.Severe flooding in several regions throughout Québec during the summer of 1996 has raised questions regarding the legal regime underlying the implementation, construction, operation and supervision of the many dams found in Québec. In this paper, the authors examine four aspects of the legal regime in force to assess its effectiveness as regards the safety of dams. They begin by reviewing the evolution of legal provisions granting the right to build dams. Since in many cases the construction of such works requires the occupation of public watercourses, the authors then address the issue of the legal granting of rights to occupy the beds and banks of public watercourses and use their hydraulic power. The third section deals with inspections required during construction and operations. Lastly, the authors provide an overview of the principles governing legal liability as set forth in the Civil Code of Québec and devote special attention to those liabilities specific to dams as laid down in the Watercourses Act

Sleep, diet and physical activity among adults living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Objective: To document sleep/insomnia, fruit and vegetables (FV) consumption and physical activity (PA) according to diabetes presence and type and biological sex, as these three lifestyle habits may influence glycemic control and prevention of diabetes-related complications. Method: Adults between 18-64 years of age were invited to complete validated Web-based self-reported questionnaires assessing sleep, insomnia, FV consumption and PA. Pregnant women and shift workers were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 151 adults (80.1% women), of which 54 had diabetes (type 1 [T1D]: 30 and type 2 [T2D]: 24), completed the questionnaires. Sleep quality scores were significantly higher, indicating poorer sleep quality, according to diabetes presence (diabetes: 7.2±3.5 vs. no diabetes: 5.4±3.5, p=0.0024) and type (T1D: 6.1±2.9 vs. T2D: 8.7±3.8, p=0.0072). Sleep duration was significantly shorter among adults living with diabetes (diabetes: 7.0±1.7 hours/night vs. no diabetes: 7.8±1.3 hours/night, p=0.0019), regardless of type. More adults living with diabetes had moderate to severe clinical insomnia (diabetes: 25.9% vs. no diabetes: 10.4%, p=0.0129), especially those with T2D (T1D: 13.3% vs. T2D: 41.7%, p = 0.0182). FV consumption and PA did not significantly vary according to diabetes presence and type. Only PA differed by biological sex with lower PA among women. Discussion: The results suggest that adults living with diabetes, especially those with T2D, are at higher risk for short and poor sleep quality, and clinical insomnia. Conclusions: Adults living with diabetes, especially those with T2D, should have access to effective sleep interventions to prevent complications associated with elevated glucose levels.Objectifs L’objectif de nos travaux était de documenter le sommeil et l’insomnie, la consommation de fruits et de légumes (FL) et l’activité physique (AP) en fonction de la présence et du type de diabète, et du sexe biologique, puisque ces 3 habitudes de vie peuvent influencer la régulation de la glycémie et la prévention des complications liées au diabète. Méthodes Nous avons invité des adultes âgés de 18 à 64 ans à remplir des questionnaires valides d’autoévaluation en ligne qui portaient sur le sommeil, l’insomnie, la consommation de FL et l’AP. Nous avons exclu de l’étude les femmes enceintes et les travailleurs de quart. Résultats Un total de 151 adultes (80,1 % de femmes), parmi lesquels 54 avaient le diabète (type 1 [DT1], n = 30; type 2 [DT2], n = 24), ont rempli les questionnaires. Les scores sur la qualité du sommeil étaient significativement plus élevés, c’est-à-dire qu’ils indiquaient une moins bonne qualité de sommeil, en fonction de la présence de diabète (diabète, 7,2 ± 3,5; aucun diabète, 5,4 ± 3,5; p = 0,0024) et du type de diabète (DT1, 6,1 ± 2,9; DT2, 8,7 ± 3,8; p = 0,0072). La durée du sommeil était significativement plus courte chez les adultes qui vivaient avec le diabète (diabète, 7,0 ± 1,7 heures/nuit; aucun diabète, 7,8 ± 1,3 heures/nuit; p = 0,0019), indépendamment du type. Davantage d’adultes qui vivaient avec le diabète avaient une insomnie clinique modérée à importante (diabète, 25,9 %; aucun diabète, 10,4 %; p = 0,0129), particulièrement ceux atteints du DT2 (DT1, 13,3 %; DT2, 41,7 %; p = 0,0182). La consommation de FL et l’AP ne variaient pas de façon significative en fonction de la présence et du type de diabète. Seule l’AP différait selon le sexe biologique, c’est-à-dire une AP moindre chez les femmes. Conclusions Les résultats montrent que les adultes qui vivent avec le diabète, particulièrement le DT2, sont exposés à un risque plus élevé de courte durée de sommeil et de mauvaise qualité de sommeil, et d’insomnie clinique. Les adultes qui vivent avec le diabète, particulièrement ceux qui vivent avec le DT2, devraient avoir accès à des interventions efficaces sur le sommeil pour prévenir les complications associées à une glycémie élevée

Family physician involvement in cancer care follow-up: the experience of a cohort of patients with lung cancer.

PURPOSE There has been little research describing the involvement of family physicians in the follow up of patients with cancer especially during the primary treatment phase We undertook a prospective longitudinal study of patients with lung cancer to assess their family physician s involvement in their follow up at the different phases of cancer METHODS In 5 hospitals in the province of Quebec Canada patients with a recent diagnosis of lung cancer were surveyed every 3 to 6 months whether they had metastasis or not, for a maximum of 18 months to assess aspects of their family physician s involvement in cancer care RESULTS Of the 395 participating patients 92% had a regular family physician but only 60% had been referred to a specialist by him/her or a colleague for the diagnosis of their lung cancer A majority of patients identified the oncology team or oncologists as mainly responsible for their cancer care throughout their cancer journey except at the advanced phase where a majority attributed this role to their family physician At baseline only 16% of patients perceived a shared care pattern between their family physician and oncologists but this pro portion increased with cancer progression Most patients would have liked their family physician to be more involved in all aspects of cancer care CONCLUSIONS Although patients perceive that the oncology team is the main party responsible for the follow up of their lung cancer they also wish their family physicians to be involved Better communication and collaboration between family physicians and the oncology team are needed to facilitate shared care in cancer follow u

Ambient temperature does not affect fuelling rate in absence of digestive constraints in long-distance migrant shorebird fuelling up in captivity

Pre-flight fuelling rates in free-living red knots Calidris canutus, a specialized long-distance migrating shorebird species, are positively correlated with latitude and negatively with temperature. The single published hypothesis to explain these relationships is the heat load hypothesis that states that in warm climates red knots may overheat during fuelling. To limit endogenous heat production (measurable as basal metabolic rate BMR), birds would minimize the growth of digestive organs at a time they need. This hypothesis makes the implicit assumption that BMR is mainly driven by digestive organ size variation during pre-flight fuelling. To test the validity of this assumption, we fed captive knots with trout pellet food, a diet previously shown to quickly lead to atrophied digestive organs, during a fuelling episode. Birds were exposed to two thermal treatments (6 and 24°C) previously shown to generate different fuelling rates in knots. We made two predictions. First, easily digested trout pellet food rather than hard-shelled prey removes the heat contribution of the gut and would therefore eliminate an ambient temperature effect on fuelling rate. Second, if digestive organs were the main contributors to variations in BMR but did not change in size during fuelling, we would expect no or little change in BMR in birds fed ad libitum with trout pellets. We show that cold-acclimated birds maintained higher body mass and food intake (8 and 51%) than warm-acclimated birds. Air temperature had no effect on fuelling rate, timing of fuelling, timing of peak body mass or BMR. During fuelling, average body mass increased by 32% while average BMR increased by 15% at peak of mass and 26% by the end of the experiment. Our results show that the small digestive organs characteristic of a trout pellet diet did not prevent BMR from increasing during premigratory fuelling. Our results are not consistent with the heat load hypothesis as currently formulated

Sickness presenteeism determines job satisfaction via affective-motivational states

Research on the consequences of sickness presenteeism, or the phenomenon of attending work whilst ill, has focused predominantly on identifying its economic, health, and absenteeism outcomes, neglecting important attitudinal-motivational outcomes. A mediation model of sickness presenteeism as a determinant of job satisfaction via affective-motivational states (specifically engagement with work and addiction to work) is proposed. This model adds to the current literature, by focusing on (i) job satisfaction as an outcome of presenteeism, and (ii) the psychological processes associated with this. It posits presenteeism as psychological absence and work engagement and work addiction as motivational states that originate in that. An online survey was completed by 158 office workers on sickness presenteeism, work engagement, work addiction, and job satisfaction. The results of bootstrapped mediation analysis with observable variables supported the model. Sickness presenteeism was negatively associated with job satisfaction. This relationship was fully mediated by both engagement with work and addiction to work, explaining a total of 48.07% of the variance in job satisfaction. Despite the small sample, the data provide preliminary support for the model. Given that there is currently no available research on the attitudinal consequences of presenteeism, these findings offer promise for advancing theorising in this area

DMSP synthesis and exudation in phytoplankton:a modeling approach

In the marine environment, phytoplankton are the fundamental producers of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of the climatically active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS). DMSP is released by exudation, cell autolysis, and zooplankton grazing during phytoplankton blooms. In this study, we developed a model of phytoplankton DMSP and DMS production allowing quantification of the exudation rates of these compounds during different growth phases. The model was tested on published data from axenic cultures of Prorocentrum minimum and Phaeocystis sp.; DMSP exudation rates vary considerably between the 2 species. Model results show that P. minimum exudes around 1% d(-1) of its DMSP quota during the latent, exponential and senescent phases. This is comparable to the average exudation rate estimated from previous laboratory experiments. However, Phaeocystis sp. exudes from 3 to 11% d(-1) of its DMSP quota. For this species, DMSP exudation rates apparently show an inverse relationship with the population growth rate. The maximum DMSP exudation rate in Phaeocystis sp. is 10 times higher than previously reported DMSP or DMS exudation rates. Our results suggest that exudation may be as important as cell autolysis in the release of DMSP during Phaeocystis sp. blooms. We conclude that exudation should be incorporated in models of DMS cycling in the marine environment. Moreover, our results for Phaeocystis sp. suggest that a low and constant exudation rate, as sometimes used in models, is not suitable for all conditions