386 research outputs found

    Ophiolitic pyroxenites record boninite percolation in subduction zone mantle

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    © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Le Roux, V., & Liang, Y. Ophiolitic pyroxenites record boninite percolation in subduction zone mantle. Minerals, 9(9), (2019): 565, doi: 10.3390/min9090565.The peridotite section of supra-subduction zone ophiolites is often crosscut by pyroxenite veins, reflecting the variety of melts that percolate through the mantle wedge, react, and eventually crystallize in the shallow lithospheric mantle. Understanding the nature of parental melts and the timing of formation of these pyroxenites provides unique constraints on melt infiltration processes that may occur in active subduction zones. This study deciphers the processes of orthopyroxenite and clinopyroxenite formation in the Josephine ophiolite (USA), using new trace and major element analyses of pyroxenite minerals, closure temperatures, elemental profiles, diffusion modeling, and equilibrium melt calculations. We show that multiple melt percolation events are required to explain the variable chemistry of peridotite-hosted pyroxenite veins, consistent with previous observations in the xenolith record. We argue that the Josephine ophiolite evolved in conditions intermediate between back-arc and sub-arc. Clinopyroxenites formed at an early stage of ophiolite formation from percolation of high-Ca boninites. Several million years later, and shortly before exhumation, orthopyroxenites formed through remelting of the Josephine harzburgites through percolation of ultra-depleted low-Ca boninites. Thus, we support the hypothesis that multiple types of boninites can be created at different stages of arc formation and that ophiolitic pyroxenites uniquely record the timing of boninite percolation in subduction zone mantle.This study was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-1220440 to V.L.R. and EAR-1624516 to Y.L. We thank the reviewers for their helpful suggestions, as well as Taylor Hough, Gretchen Swarr, Alberto Saal, Soumen Mallick, and Nilanjan Chatterjee for help with LA-ICP-MS and EPMA analyses, and Mark Kurz for help with sample collection

    Characterization of dispersion mechanisms of agglomerated fillers in an elastomer matrix under shear by in-situ observations

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    International audienceThe mixing of carbon black or silica fillers and a polymer matrix in an internal mixer implies two processes: dispersion and distribution. To disperse implies to reduce the filler initial size (a hundred microns) down to the aggregate size (a few tens of nanometers). This size is necessary to ensure the reinforcement of the matrix. Although the mixing of a filler and a matrix is an usual operation, elementary mechanisms and key parameters responsible for the size reduction of the filler are not fully understood. The rheo-optical technique (counter-rotating shear cell coupled with an optical microscope) is an efficient technique to observe in-situ during shear the filler dispersion mechanisms. Kinetics and criteria of dispersion mechanisms such as erosion or rupture can be determined. The present work compares the shear-induced dispersion mechanisms and criteria of different grades of carbon black and silica in a common polymer matrix (styrene-butadiene rubber). The objective was to determine the role of the intrinsic parameters of the filler (specific area) on dispersion. This study shows differences in the dispersion mechanisms of silica and carbon black. The data will be discussed in terms of internal organisation of the fillers

    Dispersion de charges agglomérées dans une matrice polymÚre sous l'action d'un champ de cisaillement

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    International audienceUne cellule contra-rotative transparente couplée à un microscope optique a été utilisée pour étudier les mécanismes de dispersion d'une charge agglomérée dans une matrice soumise à un cisaillement. Le comportement d'un noir de carbone et de deux silices de précipitation dans une matrice élastomÚre commune est comparé. Différents mécanismes de dispersion sont observés en fonction des caractéristiques de la charge. L'origine de ces différences de comportement mécanique est discutée

    Glaciers, calottes polaires, climat et environnement

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    CrĂ©Ă© en 1958 par Louis Lliboutry, le Laboratoire de glaciologie et gĂ©ophysique de l’environnement (LGGE) a bĂąti sa renommĂ©e scientifique sur l’étude du climat et de la composition de l’atmosphĂšre au travers d’archives que constituent la neige et la glace accumulĂ©es au cours du temps sur les glaciers et calottes polaires. Paul Duval et VĂ©ronique Roux reviennent sur cette institution cinquantenaire.Created by Louis Lliboutry in 1958, LGGE has built its scientific reputation on its research dealing with the past climate and the composition of the atmosphere. The various fields of research at LGGE are presented by Paul Duval and VĂ©ronique Roux

    L'enseignement bilingue pour sourds en France vu sous l'angle de la didactique des langues

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    En France, il existe un dispositif particulier d’enseignement dans lequel toutes les fonctions de l’école sont assurĂ©es et qui donne accĂšs aux programmes nationaux officiels grĂące Ă  une autre langue que le français : ce sont les classes immersives en langue rĂ©gionale. La mĂȘme dĂ©marche peut ĂȘtre appliquĂ©e Ă  la LSF. En effet, l’accĂšs au français seul suppose une dĂ©pense cognitive considĂ©rable pour les enfants dĂ©ficients auditifs, pour leur famille et mĂȘme pour les enseignants.En faire une condition d’accĂšs Ă  l’écrit dĂ©tourne le passage par l’école de ses fonctions essentielles : la transmission des connaissances, l'accompagnement mĂ©tacognitif, la socialisation et la rĂ©gulation des Ă©changes, diverses activitĂ©s langagiĂšres dont le travail mĂ©talinguistique indispensable Ă  la lecture, etc. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de regarder la scĂšne scolaire avec l’éclairage de la didactique des langues, et de faire en sorte que la rĂ©Ă©ducation du français ne soit pas le seul projecteur allumĂ© dans la scolaritĂ© des enfants sourds.Mot  clĂ©s : enseignement bilingue, LSF, classes immersives, oralisme, langue d’enseignement, langue premiĂšre, sourd, dĂ©ficience auditive

    Ecoulement dans une géométrie plan-plan confinée: validité de la géométrie pour l'étude de fluides viscoélastiques et application à la dispersion du noir de carbone

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    CongrĂšs Annuel de la sociĂ©tĂ© EuropĂ©enne de RhĂ©ologie (AERC 2010), Göteborg , SuĂšde (07/04/2010)International audienceSi avoir un Ă©coulement stable est une condition nĂ©cessaire pour faire des mesures de rhĂ©ologie en rĂ©gime continu, il en est de mĂȘme lors d'Ă©tudes rhĂ©o-optiques oĂč des observations d'Ă©volution de structure ou de comportement de particules ou inclusions en suspension dans une matrice sont rĂ©alisĂ©es in-situ pendant le cisaillement. Dans cet article, nous montrons comment l'installation d'une bague de confinement autour d'une cellule de cisaillement plan-plan contra-rotative transparente permet de rĂ©duire le dĂ©veloppement d'instabilitĂ©s d'Ă©coulement dans une matrice polymĂšre viscoĂ©lastique pendant le cisaillement, sans modifier l'Ă©coulement sur une zone relativement large de la cellule. Des mesures de pĂ©riodes de rotation de billes de verre et de rhĂ©ologie en rĂ©gime continu ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es pour montrer la validitĂ© de cette gĂ©omĂ©trie d'Ă©coulement. Cette cellule a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer les conditions de dispersion d'une charge de noir de carbone dans une matrice polymĂšre sous l'action d'un champ de cisaillement. La dĂ©termination des conditions de rupture d'un noir de carbone en suspension dans une matrice polymĂšre dans deux gĂ©omĂ©tries d'Ă©coulement diffĂ©rentes (avec et sans bague de confinement) permet de montrer que le critĂšre de rupture s'exprime bien en terme de contrainte hydrodynamique. L'utilisation de la bague a permis d'atteindre des taux de cisaillement plus Ă©levĂ©s dans des conditions stables d'Ă©coulement

    Prevention of post-mastectomy neuropathic pain with memantine: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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    International audienceBackground: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists are potential therapies for neuropathic pain, and memantine has a good tolerance profile. A preclinical study recently reported that presurgery memantine may prevent neuropathic pain development and cognition dysfunction. Considering the high prevalence of breast cancer and of post-mastectomy neuropathic pain, a clinical trial is carried out to evaluate if memantine may prevent neuropathic pain development and maintain cognitive function and quality of life in cancer patients. Methods/Design: A randomized clinical trial (NCT01536314) includes 40 women with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy at the Oncology Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Memantine (5 to 20 mg/day; n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) is administered for 4 weeks starting 2 weeks before surgery. Intensity of pain, cognitive function, quality of life and of sleep, anxiety and depression are evaluated with questionnaires. The primary endpoint is pain intensity on a 0 to 10) numerical scale at 3 months post-mastectomy. Data analysis is performed using mixed models and the tests are two-sided, with a type I error set at α = 0.05. Discussion: The hypothesis of this translational approach is to confirm in patients the beneficial prophylactic effect of memantine observed in animals. Such a protective action of memantine against neuropathic pain and cognitive dysfunction would greatly improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01536314 on 16 February 201

    New Rickettsiae in ticks collected in territories of the former soviet union.

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    Dermacentor nuttallii from Siberia, Rhipicephalus sanguineus from Crimea, and Rh. pumilio from the Astrakhan region were infected with Rickettsia sibirica (12%), R. conorii (8%), and the Astrakhan fever agent (3%), respectively. Three new Rickettsiae of the R. massiliae genogroup were identified in ticks by 16S rDNA, gltA, and ompA sequencing

    Sources of dehydration fluids underneath the Kamchatka arc

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    © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Shu, Y., Nielsen, S. G., Le Roux, V., Wörner, G., Blusztajn, J., & Auro, M. Sources of dehydration fluids underneath the Kamchatka arc. Nature Communications, 13(1), (2022): 4467, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32211-5.Fluids mediate the transport of subducted slab material and play a crucial role in the generation of arc magmas. However, the source of subduction-derived fluids remains debated. The Kamchatka arc is an ideal subduction zone to identify the source of fluids because the arc magmas are comparably mafic, their source appears to be essentially free of subducted sediment-derived components, and subducted Hawaii-Emperor Seamount Chain (HESC) is thought to contribute a substantial fluid flux to the Kamchatka magmas. Here we show that Tl isotope ratios are unique tracers of HESC contribution to Kamchatka arc magma sources. In conjunction with trace element ratios and literature data, we trace the progressive dehydration and melting of subducted HESC across the Kamchatka arc. In succession, serpentine (250 km depth) break down and produce fluids that contribute to arc magmatism at the Eastern Volcanic Front (EVF), Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD), and Sredinny Ridge (SR), respectively. However, given the Tl-poor nature of serpentine and lawsonite fluids, simultaneous melting of subducted HESC is required to explain the HESC-like Tl isotope signatures observed in EVF and CKD lavas. In the absence of eclogitic crust melting processes in this region of the Kamchatka arc, we propose that progressive dehydration and melting of a HESC-dominated mĂ©lange offers the most compelling interpretation of the combined isotope and trace element data.This study was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 41903008) and Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2019M660153) to Y.S., NSF (Grant No. EAR-1829546) to S.G.N. and NSF (Grant No. EAR-1855302) to V.L.R
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