Farmacoterapia do transtorno do déficit de atenção

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Farmácia.O Transtorno de déficit de atenção é uma doença caracterizada por sintomas persistentes de hiperatividade, de impulsividade e de falta de atenção, acometendo 5% das crianças e 2,5 dos adultos ao redor do mundo. Indivíduos que possuem o transtorno podem apresentar inúmeros problemas ao longo da vida, por exemplo, ansiedade, depressão e baixa auto-estima. Em decorrência disso, algumas medicações são utilizadas para controle dos sintomas. Desta maneira, o tratamento mais utilizado consiste no uso de fármacos estimulantes de primeira linha como o metilfenidato e a lisdexanfetamina, e, como opção não estimulante de segunda linha, há a atomoxetina. Os principais efeitos farmacológicos desses fármacos se dão por meio da inibição dos transportadores de dopamina e de norepinefrina, assim aumenta a concentração desses neurotransmissores nas fendas sinápticas. Dessa forma, ocorre uma diminuição dos sintomas característicos da doença. Para um resultado positivo no controle do TDAH, o indivíduo deve utilizar o fármaco que mais se adeque às suas necessidades o qual possui efeito terapêutico ideal e baixos efeitos colaterais, a fim de obter uma melhor qualidade de vida.Attention deficit disorders a disease characterized by persistent symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention, affecting 5% of children and 2.5 of adults around the world. Individuals who have the disorder may have numerous problems throughout their lives, such as anxiety, depression and low self-esteem, with this, some medications are used to control symptoms. The most used treatment consists of the use of first-line stimulating drugs such as methylphenidate and lysdexamphetamine, and as a second-line non-stimulant option we have atomoxetine. The main pharmacological effects o these drugs occur through the inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine transporters, thus increasing the concentration of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic clefts, thus reducing the characteristic symptoms of the disease. For a positive result in the control of ADHD, the individual must use the drug that best suits his needs, having an ideal therapeutic effect an dlow Side effects, thus obtaining a better quality of life

Mídia e política: Panorama de uma interface sólida

O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a midiatização, processo de representação na política e a utilização do termo espetacularização. Fazendo uma revisão de termos caros à compreensão do tema e adentrando na relevância da midiatização no campo político. Nada, portanto, é mais revelador do que o fato de a mídia não ser apenas um poder auxiliar, conforme pensa quem a chama de quarto poder. Pelo contrário, a mídia não age apenas como mediadora entre os poderes, mas como um dispositivo de produção do próprio poder de nomeação e, no limite, também de funcionamento da própria esfera política

Postharvest conservation of ‘Sunrise Solo’ papaya under cassava starch coatings added with ginger essential oil

The use of biodegradable coatings associated with essential oils with fungicidal action can be an efficient alternative in the conservation and reduction of postharvest losses of papaya, a very perishable fruit susceptible to decay. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the postharvest conservation of papaya under cassava-based starch biodegradable coatings, added with essential oil (EO) of ginger. The experimental design was the completely randomized in a split-plot scheme, with the plot consisting of 5 coatings applied to ‘Sunrise solo’ papaya’ harvested in the light green maturity stage: (control (without coating); 2% cassava starch (S2%); S2% + 0.15% ginger essential oil (EO); S2% + 0.30% EO and S2% + 0.45% EO) and in the subplot the days of storage: (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days), with 4 replications. Papaya coated with S2% + 0.30% EO showed a delay in color evolution, lower weight loss, maintained the levels of soluble solids and ascorbic acid, in addition to reducing the incidence of decay and increasing the purchase intention, thus increasing postharvest life in 4 days as related to control fruits. The use of 2% starch coating added with 0.30% ginger essential oil is a viable, sustainable and low-cost alternative for maintaining the quality and adding value to ‘Sunrise solo’ papaya as a clean technology.As perdas pós-colheita são ocasionadas por diversos fatores, dentre eles a vida útil curta de frutas e hortaliças. A associação de um componente de caráter plastificante e ou emulsionante é de grande valia para conservação desses produtos, principalmente para o mamão, fruto tipicamente climatérico. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de mamão submetido a recobrimentos biodegradáveis a base de fécula de mandioca associados a diferentes concentrações do óleo essencial de gengibre. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo a parcela composta por 5 recobrimentos aplicados nos frutos de mamão: (controle; fécula a 2%; fécula a 2%+0,15% óleo de gengibre; fécula a 2%+0,30% óleo de gengibre e fécula a 2%+0,45% óleo de gengibre) e na subparcela os períodos de armazenamento: (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias), com quatro repetições. O uso de recobrimentos biodegradáveis a base de fécula de mandioca aumenta a vida útil pós-colheita dos frutos de mamão. A concentração de 0,30% do óleo essencial de gengibre reduziu a perda de massa dos frutos de mamão e o óleo essencial de gengibre associado à fécula de mandioca oferece benefícios para o aumento da vida de prateleira do mamão ‘Sunrise solo’

Corrosion Inhibitors for Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced concrete has been widely used in the last century, however, due to aggressive agents such as carbonic gas and chloride ions, it suffers premature deterioration. The concrete is a physical barrier that protects steel from corrosion, and the alkalinity of concrete leads to the formation of a passive layer around the reinforcement, which increases protection against corrosive processes. However, concrete is a porous material and has cracks that allow the entrance of aggressive agents, destabilizing the passive layer and corroding steel. The corrosion is the major cause of deterioration of concrete structures and several methods of protection and repair have been developed to increase the durability of such structures. Corrosion inhibitors, chemical substances that reduce the corrosion rate, have been widely used, both for prevention and correction. Inhibitors are classified according to their method of application, their mechanism of protection and chemical composition. In this chapter, through a literature review the main inhibitors used in reinforced concrete structures and their acting mechanisms are presented, as well as their efficiency and some side effects on concrete. It is very important to know the different types of inhibitors for correct use, thus increasing the life span of reinforced concrete structures

Irrigation water salinity and silicon negatively interfere with the physiology and delay the flowering of ornamental sunflowers

Although silicon is considered a non-essential element for plants, its application can mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the physiological and flowering responses of ornamentalsunflower depending on the application of silicon and irrigation with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with six replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to four electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5; 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1 and silicon doses: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, with potassium silicate as the source. The following were evaluated: internal carbon concentration, transpiration, rate of liquid photosynthesis, instant efficiency of carboxylation, leaf indexes of chlorophyll a, b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total chlorophyll, external and internal diameter of the chapter, number of petals, appearance of floral bud, beginning of flowering and full opening of the floral bud. Salinity negatively affects photosynthetic activity and flowering of ornamental sunflower plants, so that plants irrigated with saline water (3.5 dS m-1) delayed the appearance of the flower bud, the flowering index and the total opening of the floral button. The application of silicon in ornamental sunflower plants is not effective to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity on the plant’s physiology. In addition, the addition of silicon is also not able to repair the losses in terms of flowering caused by salt stress in the species.Although silicon is considered a non-essential element for plants, its application can mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the physiological and flowering responses of ornamentalsunflower depending on the application of silicon and irrigation with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with six replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to four electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5; 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1 and silicon doses: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1, with potassium silicate as the source. The following were evaluated: internal carbon concentration, transpiration, rate of liquid photosynthesis, instant efficiency of carboxylation, leaf indexes of chlorophyll a, b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, total chlorophyll, external and internal diameter of the chapter, number of petals, appearance of floral bud, beginning of flowering and full opening of the floral bud. Salinity negatively affects photosynthetic activity and flowering of ornamental sunflower plants, so that plants irrigated with saline water (3.5 dS m-1) delayed the appearance of the flower bud, the flowering index and the total opening of the floral button. The application of silicon in ornamental sunflower plants is not effective to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity on the plant’s physiology. In addition, the addition of silicon is also not able to repair the losses in terms of flowering caused by salt stress in the species

Growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings under salinity levels and application of biofertilizer

Pitombeira is a native fruit tree from Amazon and is exploited in an extractive way. Currently, there is no commercial cultivation of this crop since there are no technologies for cultivation, propagation methods, fertilization and irrigation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings (Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hill.) Radlk.) under salinity levels with or without bovine biofertilizer. The experiment was performed in a nursery at the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, in Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, from September to December 2015. It was adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 4 repetitions, in factorial arrangement 5 x 2, corresponding to 5 salinity levels: (0,8; 2; 4; 6 e 8 dS m-1) with or without bovine biofertilization. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf area, Dickson quality index, dry mass of root, stem, leaf and the whole plant were analyzed. The increase in salinity provides a decrease in growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings. The use of biofertilizers mitigates the harmful effects of salinity on pitombeira seedlings.Pitombeira is a native fruit tree from Amazon and is exploited in an extractive way. Currently, there is no commercial cultivation of this crop since there are no technologies for cultivation, propagation methods, fertilization and irrigation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings (Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hill.) Radlk.) under salinity levels with or without bovine biofertilizer. The experiment was performed in a nursery at the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, in Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, from September to December 2015. It was adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 4 repetitions, in factorial arrangement 5 x 2, corresponding to 5 salinity levels: (0,8; 2; 4; 6 e 8 dS m-1) with or without bovine biofertilization. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf area, Dickson quality index, dry mass of root, stem, leaf and the whole plant were analyzed. The increase in salinity provides a decrease in growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings. The use of biofertilizers mitigates the harmful effects of salinity on pitombeira seedlings

The origin and branching of cranial mesenteric artery in fetal dogs (Canis familiaris) of breed american Pit Bull Terrier

Estudou-se a origem e ramificações da artéria mesentérica cranial em 30 fetos de cães da raça American Pit Bull Terrier, sendo 12 fêmeas e 18 machos. Estes animais foram provenientes de canis da região do Distrito Federal e originaram-se de abortos ou mortes naturais. As peças coletadas foram preparadas com injeção de Neoprene Latéx “450”, corada com pigmento específico, na aorta torácica descendente, e posteriormente fixada em solução aquosa de formal a 10%. A artéria mesentérica cranial originou-se isoladamente da aorta abdominal caudalmente à artéria celíaca em todos os cães estudados, assim como emitiu as artérias cólicas direita e média, ileocecocólica, cecal, ileocecal, ileal, jejunais e pancraticoduodenal caudal. A artéria mesentérica enviou os seguintes ramos: adrenal esquerdo (56,67%), adrenal direito (50%), pancreático da artéria mesentérica cranial (10%), cólico (80%), duodenal da primeira artéria jejunal (3,33%) e pancreaticoduodenal caudal (90%). Os resultados desse estudo mostraram uma uniformidade nos animais estudados no que se refere à origem da artéria mesentérica e na emissão de alguns ramos. As principais variações foram observadas no que se refere a presença dos ramos adrenal esquerdo e direito, pancreático da artéria mesentérica caudal e duodenal da primeira da primeira artéria jejunal, assim como, no número de ramos emitidos pelas artérias jejunais. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTWere studied the origin and ramifications of the cranial mesenteric artery in 30 fetuses of dogs bred American Pit Bull Terrier, 12 females and 18 males. These animals were from kennels in the region of the Federal District and were derived from natural deaths or abortions. The collected pieces were prepared with an injection of Neoprene 450 latex colored with pigment specific in the descending thoracic aorta, and subsequently fixed in aqueous 10% formal. The cranial mesenteric artery originated separately from the abdominal aorta caudal to the celiac artery in all dogs studied, as well as gave the right and middle colic arteries, ileocecocolic, cecum, ileocecal, ileal, and jejunal pancraticoduodenal flow. The cranial mesenteric sent the following branches: the left adrenal (56.67%), right adrenal (50%), pancreatic of the mesenteric artery (10%), colic (80%), duodenal of the first jejunal artery (3.33%) and caudal pancreaticoduodenal (90%). The results of this study showed a uniformity in the animals studied in relation to the origin of mesenteric artery and the delivery of some branches. The main changes were observed regarding the presence of branches left and right adrenal, pancreatic of the mesenteric artery and duodenal of the first jejunal artery, as well as the number of branches emitted by jejunal arteries

Incidência de enfezamentos em híbridos de milho safrinha em diferentes épocas de semeadura

The objective of this work was to evaluate the incidence of corn stunt disease and its effects on the grain yield of off-season corn (Zea mays) hybrids in different sowing seasons. The experiment was conducted in three sites in the state of Tocantins, in different sowing seasons, in a randomized complete block design, with 30 hybrids (treatments) and three replicates. Corn stunt disease incidence was assessed at 80 days after emergence, varying between hybrids and sowing seasons, with a marked effect of sowing season. The most resistant hybrids were: MG652 PW, Penta VIP, MG600 PW, NS90 PRO2, LG3040 VIP3, MG580 PW, and Defender VIP. The Fórmula VIP2 hybrid was the most susceptible to corn stunt disease. The incidence of the disease increased in the later sowing seasons, causing significant declines in grain yield. The most productive hybrids were: MG580 PW, SYN 5T78 VIP, 2B810 PRO, MG600 PW, Supremo VIP, 2B512 PW, NS92 PRO2, P30S31 VYH, MG652 PW, Penta VIP, SX5371 VIP3, and LG6036 PRO. Corn hybrids vary greatly in their resistance to corn stunt disease, and, the later the sowing season, the higher the disease incidence and the lower the grain yield.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de enfezamentos e os seus efeitos na produtividade de híbridos de milho (Zea mays) safrinha em diferentes épocas de semeadura. O experimento foi conduzido em três locais no Estado do Tocantins, em épocas de semeadura distintas, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 30 híbridos (tratamentos) e três repetições. A incidência de enfezamentos foi avaliada aos 80 dias após emergência, tendo variado entre híbridos e épocas de semeadura, com efeito pronunciado da época de semeadura. Os híbridos mais resistentes foram: MG652 PW, Penta VIP, MG600 PW, NS90 PRO2, LG3040 VIP3, MG580 PW e Defender VIP. O híbrido Fórmula VIP2 foi o mais suscetível aos enfezamentos. A incidência da doença aumentou nas épocas de semeadura mais tardias, com redução significativa da produtividade de grãos. Os híbridos mais produtivos foram: MG580 PW, SYN 5T78 VIP, 2B810 PRO, MG600 PW, Supremo VIP, 2B512 PW, NS92 PRO2, P30S31 VYH, MG652 PW, Penta VIP, SX5371 VIP3 e LG6036 PRO. Os híbridos de milho variam muito na sua resistência aos enfezamentos, e, quanto mais tardia a semeadura, maior a incidência da doença e menor a produtividade de grãos