Retos educativos en tiempos de COVID-19: Perspectiva del docente de la Universidad de Colima, México

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly interrupted the face-to-face educational modality, and teachers had to adapt to a new form of technology-mediated teaching in response to the imminent confinement. In this regard, the University of Colima in Mexico launched an Academic Continuity Program to guarantee student attention at the high school, undergraduate and postgraduate educational levels. Objective: The study describes the technological, pedagogical-didactic and socio-emotional situation faced by higher level teachers in the development of this university program, as well as the training needs and the main challenges of teachers in intermediate education. Methodology: A mixed exploratory study was carried out, the result of applying a questionnaire to 1 587 teachers, of which 1 195 responses were obtained. Results and discussion: The investigation showed that 63% of the teachers faced didactic-pedagogical complications; 17% technological and logistical and 7% emotional at the time of conducting the “new” way of teaching. Conclusions: The challenges of the teacher in the face of the pandemic make it possible to visualize the demands for training, qualification, updating and development of teacher skills, as well as the appropriation of technological resources that limits the development of teaching-learning processes in accordance with the expected educational quality. Likewise, it is proposed to continue with this line of research aimed at identifying creative practices and teacher training needs, from the students' perspective, and thus strengthen the academic offerings of the Institutional Teacher Training Program in order to improve the performance of university professors.Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 interrumpió abruptamente la modalidad educativa presencial, los docentes se adaptaron a una nueva forma de enseñanza mediada con tecnología como respuesta al confinamiento. Al respecto, la Universidad de Colima, en México, ejecutó un Programa de Continuidad Académica para garantizar la atención del estudiantado en bachillerato, licenciatura y posgrado. Objetivo: El articulo describe la situación tecnológica, pedagógica-didáctica y socioemocional que enfrentaron los docentes del nivel superior, en el desarrollo de este programa universitario, así como las necesidades de capacitación y los principales retos del profesorado en la enseñanza mediada. Metodología: Estudio mixto de tipo exploratorio, resultado de la aplicación de un cuestionario a 1 587 docentes, de los cuales se obtuvieron 1 195 respuestas. R­esultados y discusión: En la investigación se evidenció que, el 63% de los docentes enfrentó complicaciones de tipo didácticas-pedagógicas; el 17% tecnológicas y de logística y el 7% de tipo emocional al tiempo de conducir la «nueva» forma de enseñanza. Conclusiones: Los retos del docente ante la pandemia permiten visualizar las demandas de formación, capacitación, actualización y desarrollo de habilidades del profesorado, así como la apropiación de los recursos tecnológicos que limita el desarrollo de los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje acordes a la calidad educativa esperada. Asimismo, se propone continuar con esta línea de investigación orientada a identificar prácticas creativas y necesidades de capacitación docente, desde la perspectiva del estudiantado, y con ello, fortalecer la oferta académica del Programa Institucional de Formación Docente en función de la mejora del desempeño del profesorado universitario

Identificación de habilidades Socioemocionales y salud mental en profesores de Educación Superior: Validez de constructo

In the educational sector, socio-emotional skills (HSE) are skills for managing emotions and behaviors that benefit social relationships and the achievement of educational objectives, having them can favor mental health (MH) and the well-being in higher education teachers who affect the training of future professionals, for this reason it is considered essential have instruments that assess these aspects reliably. The objective was to carry out the construct validity analysis of the Inventory of Socioemotional Skills and Mental Health for Teachers "IHSM-P" of higher education. The sample was made up of 282 professors and the analysis of validity was through exploratory factor analysis. The validity of construct was carried out using the exploratory factorial analysis technique (AFE) and the verification of the pertinence of the data was through the test Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's sphericity. The results showed correspondence with the theoretical proposal by recognizing six factors, integrating 60% of proposed items. Reliability was optimal (Alpha of Cronbach: 0.907), and relevant for the different factors found (Cronbach's Alpha >0.70). It is concluded that the IHSM-P is an instrument that has adequate psychometric characteristics.En el sector educativo las habilidades socioemocionales (HSE) son capacidades de gestión de emociones y conductas que benefician las relaciones sociales y el logro de objetivos educativos. Contar con ellas puede favorecer la salud mental (SM) y el bienestar en los profesores de educación superior quienes inciden en la formación de futuros profesionistas, por tal motivo se considera fundamental contar con instrumentos que evalúen estos aspectos de manera confiable. El objetivo fue realizar el análisis de validez de constructo del Inventario de Habilidades Socioemocionales y Salud Mental para Profesores “IHSM-P” de Educación Superior. La muestra se integró por 282 profesores y el análisis de validez fue mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio. La validez de constructo se efectuó mediante la técnica de análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y la verificación de la pertinencia de los datos fue mediante la prueba de Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) y la esfericidad de Barlett. Los resultados mostraron correspondencia con la propuesta teórica al reconocerse seis factores, integrándose el 60% de ítems propuestos. La confiabilidad fue óptima (Alfa de Cronbach: 0.907), y pertinente para los diferentes factores encontrados (Alfa de Cronbach >0.70). Se concluye que el IHSM-P es un instrumento que cuenta con adecuadas características psicométricas

The Latin American experience of allografting patients with severe aplastic anaemia: real-world data on the impact of stem cell source and ATG administration in HLA-identical sibling transplants

We studied 298 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) allografted in four Latin American countries. The source of cells was bone marrow (BM) in 94 patients and PBSCs in 204 patients. Engraftment failed in 8.1% of recipients with no difference between BM and PBSCs (P = 0.08). Incidence of acute GvHD (aGvHD) for BM and PBSCs was 30% vs 32% (P = 0.18), and for grades III–IV was 2.6% vs 11.6% (P = 0.01). Chronic GvHD (cGvHD) between BM and PBSCs was 37% vs 59% (P = 0.002) and extensive 5% vs 23.6% (P = 0.01). OS was 74% vs 76% for BM vs PBSCs (P = 0.95). Event-free survival was superior in patients conditioned with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-based regimens compared with other regimens (79% vs 61%, P = 0.001) as excessive secondary graft failure was seen with other regimens (10% vs 26%, P = 0.005) respectively. In multivariate analysis, aGvHD II–IV (hazard ratio (HR) 2.50, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–5.6, P = 0.02) and aGvHD III–IV (HR 8.3 CI 3.4–20.2, Po0.001) proved to be independent negative predictors of survival. In conclusion, BM as a source of cells and ATG-based regimens should be standard because of higher GvHD incidence with PBSCs, although the latter combining with ATG in the conditioning regimen could be an option in selected high-risk patient

Decision Support Systems for Weed Management

Editors: Guillermo R. Chantre, José L. González-Andújar.Weed management Decision Support Systems (DSS) are increasingly important computer-based tools for modern agriculture. Nowadays, extensive agriculture has become highly dependent on external inputs and both economic costs, as well the negative environmental impact of agricultural activities, demands knowledge-based technology for the optimization and protection of non-renewable resources. In this context, weed management strategies should aim to maximize economic profit by preserving and enhancing agricultural systems. Although previous contributions focusing on weed biology and weed management provide valuable insight on many aspects of weed species ecology and practical guides for weed control, no attempts have been made to highlight the forthcoming importance of DSS in weed management. This book is a first attempt to integrate 'concepts and practice' providing a novel guide to the state-of-art of DSS and the future prospects which hopefully would be of interest to higher-level students, academics and professionals in related areas

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Precariedad, exclusión social y modelo de sociedad: lógicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporáneo (IV). Innovación docente en Filosofía

El PIMCD “Precariedad, exclusión social y modelo de sociedad: lógicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporáneo (IV). Innovación docente en Filosofía” constituye la cuarta edición de un PIMCD que ha recibido financiación en las últimas convocatorias de PIMCD UCM, de los que se han derivado actividades de formación para estudiantes de Grado, Máster y Doctorado y al menos 3 publicaciones colectivas publicadas por Ediciones Complutense, Siglo XXI y Palgrave McMillan

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso