La diplomacia parlamentaria

En este artículo, el autor describe los órganos y funciones de la Unión Interparlamentaria. Sus actividades están orientadas a aumentar la intervención de los parlamentos en un ejercicio de verdadera democracia. Las caracter ísticas de esta democracia parlamentaria la hacen peculiar en lo que concierne a las actividades realizadas por los representantes de los Estados en la arena internacional. La historia ha demostrado que en varias ocasiones los parlamentos han ayudado a los gobiernos a encontrar soluciones a favor de la paz, la democracia y el desarrollo.In this article the author describes the organs and functions of the Interparliamentary Union. Their activities serve the purpose of increasing the involvement of parliaments in a true exercise of democracy. The characteristics of this parliamentary democracy make it peculiar as regards the activities performed by State representatives in the international arena. History has shown that in many occasions parliaments have helped governments to find solutions for peace, democracy and development.Sección Estudios.Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

La diplomacia parlamentaria

En este artículo, el autor describe los órganos y funciones de la Unión Interparlamentaria. Sus actividades están orientadas a aumentar la intervención de los parlamentos en un ejercicio de verdadera democracia. Las caracter ísticas de esta democracia parlamentaria la hacen peculiar en lo que concierne a las actividades realizadas por los representantes de los Estados en la arena internacional. La historia ha demostrado que en varias ocasiones los parlamentos han ayudado a los gobiernos a encontrar soluciones a favor de la paz, la democracia y el desarrollo.In this article the author describes the organs and functions of the Interparliamentary Union. Their activities serve the purpose of increasing the involvement of parliaments in a true exercise of democracy. The characteristics of this parliamentary democracy make it peculiar as regards the activities performed by State representatives in the international arena. History has shown that in many occasions parliaments have helped governments to find solutions for peace, democracy and development.Sección Estudios.Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

Quantum effective actions from nonperturbative worldline dynamics

We demonstrate the feasibility of a nonperturbative analysis of quantum field theory in the worldline formalism with the help of an efficient numerical algorithm. In particular, we compute the effective action for a super-renormalizable field theory with cubic scalar interaction in four dimensions in quenched approximation (small-$N_f$ expansion) to all orders in the coupling. We observe that nonperturbative effects exert a strong influence on the infrared behavior, rendering the massless limit well defined in contrast to the perturbative expectation. Our numerical method is based on a direct use of probability distributions for worldline ensembles, preserves all Euclidean spacetime symmetries, and thus represents a new nonperturbative tool for an investigation of continuum quantum field theory.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figure

Conexión venosa pulmonar anómala parcial supra cardiaca. Por qué la imagen ecocardiográfica supraesternal es obligatoria

Different from the total connection form, supracardiac partial anomalous venous connection may be asymptomatic for a long time and may be diagnosed accidentally during routine echocardiographic examination. In these cases, performing the suprasternal study is essential for the diagnosis and should be performed in all patients regardless of age, mainly when dilation of the right chambers without associated atrial septal defect is observed.Diferente de la forma de conexión total, la conexión venosa anómala parcial supracardíaca puede ser asintomática durante un tiempo y ser diagnosticada de forma accidental durante un examen ecocardiográfico de rutina. En estos casos, la realización de la aproximación supraesternal en el estudio ecocardiográfico es fundamental para el diagnóstico y debe ser realizado en todos los pacientes independientemente de la edad, principalmente cuando sea observada dilatación de las cámaras derechas sin comunicación interauricular.

Volcano-tectonic deformation of the submarine flank of Cumbre Volcano-tectonic deformation of the submarine flank of Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands

Comunicación presenta a la EGU General Assembly, celebrada en Viena (Austria) entre el 24 y el 28 de abril de 2023.The land and seascape of the Canary Islands witnesses a long history of volcanic growth and volcano-tectonic deformation. This interplay has generated a spectacular morphology that stretches over almost 8 km (vertically) from the foot of the western volcanic islands at 4.000 m water depth to the top of the Pico del Teide at 3.718 m above sea level. On 19th September 2021, Cumbre Vieja volcano on the island of La Palma, experienced its longest eruption in historic times, lasting for three months. The eruption was accompanied by widespread deformation, expressed among others by tens of thousands of earthquakes, meter-scale vertical elevation changes, fractures and eruptive fissures that opened along the onshore flank, and the build-up and collapse of volcanic cones. It is now a major task for researchers to identify and untangle the different deformation patterns in order to learn about volcano-tectonic and related sedimentary processes before, during, and after the eruption. Because the largest volume of the volcano locates underwater, a comprehensive analysis of volcano-tectonic deformation requires marine data. Here we present a synthesis of legacy hydroacoustic data from the last century together with new data collected in recent years and especially after the 2021 eruption. The new data include multibeam bathymetry from VULCANA_1015, VULCANA_0318 and VULCANA_III_LP_0921/1021-0222 cruises which were supported by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC) funds through the VULCANA project. These data cover the submerged flank down to a water depths of 1940 m with a 10x10 m grid spacing. We further collected multibeam and sediment echosounder data from the lower part of the island slope and adjacent abyssal seafloor between the islands of La Palma and El Hierro during RV MARIA S. MERIAN Cruise 113 in January 2023. Together the different data cover the western side of La Palma, which has collapsed repeatedly in a likely catastrophic manner over geologic times, with the Cumbre Nueva debris avalanche at 125¿536 ka representing the youngest event. We use the data to map sedimentary and tectonic structures including fault outcrops, submarine canyons and channels, mass-transport deposits, landslide scars and blocks as well as folded and faulted strata between the coast and about 4500 m water depth. The results add to a land-to-sea analysis of volcano-tectonic deformation at Cumbre Vieja volcano including the spatial extent and outline of the mobile western flank, which seems to be moving into the Atlantic Ocean.Peer reviewe

Satisfação materna com o cuidado da enfermeira materno-infantil em Campeche, México

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare maternal-satisfaction (global and areas) with maternal-child nursing care (MSMINC) and to explore the relationship of MSMINC with wait time, length of visit, and maternal age and education. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study comprising 213 mothers. Group 1 (n = 84), mothers of children agedEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar la satisfacción materna (global/áreas) con el cuidado de la enfermera materno infantil (MSMINC) y explorar la relación de MSMINC con el tiempo de espera, duración de la visita, edad y educación materna. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal. Participaron 213 madres. Grupo 1, n = 84 madres de niñosOBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a satisfação materna (global e áreas) com o cuidado da enfermeira materno-infantil (SMAEMI) e explorar a relação da SMAEMI com o tempo de espera e duração da visita, idade e educação da mãe. MÉTODOS: ESTUdo descritivo-transversal com a participação de 213 mães. Grupo 1, n = 84 mães de criança

Immunogenic evaluation of collagen and gelatin from marine origin envisioning tissue engineering-related applications

Workshop MicSeaOnMed (EEA GRANT) Blue Biotechnology: from the academy to the entrepreneur sector, Guimarães, Portugal, 24 May 2022N

Study of the immunologic response of marine-derived collagen and gelatin extracts for tissue engineering applications

9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tablesThe host immunologic response to a specific material is a critical aspect when considering it for clinical implementation. Collagen and gelatin extracted from marine sources have been proposed as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications, but there is a lack of information in the literature about their immunogenicity. In this work, we evaluated the immune response to collagen and/or gelatin from blue shark and codfish, previously extracted and characterized. After endotoxin evaluation, bone marrow-derived macrophages were exposed to the materials and a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated both for protein quantification and gene expression. Then, the impact of those materials in the host was evaluated through peritoneal injection in C57BL/6 mice. The results suggested shark collagen as the less immunogenic material, inducing low expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (encoded by Nos2) and high expression of Arginase 1 (encoded by Arg1). Although shark gelatin appeared to be the material with higher pro-inflammatory expression, it also presents a high expression of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) and Arginase (both markers for M2-like macrophages). When injected in the peritoneal cavity of mice, our materials demonstrated a transient recruitment of neutrophil, being almost non-existent after 24 hours of injection. Based on these findings, the studied collagenous materials can be considered interesting biomaterial candidates for regenerative medicine as they may induce an activation of the M2-like macrophage population, which is involved in suppressing the inflammatory processes promoting tissue remodelingThe authors would like to acknowledge to European Union for the financial support under the scope of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the projects 0302_CVMAR_I_1_P and 0474_BLUEBIOLAB_1_E (program INTERREG España-Portugal 2014/2020). Funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the grant of A. L. Alves (Ana Luísa Alves) under Doctoral Programme Do*Mar (PD/BD/127995/2016) is also acknowledgedPeer reviewe

Microarray comparative genomic hybridization detection of chromosomal imbalances in uterine cervix carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Chromosomal Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) has been applied to all stages of cervical carcinoma progression, defining a specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances in this tumor. However, given its limited spatial resolution, chromosomal CGH has offered only general information regarding the possible genetic targets of DNA copy number changes. METHODS: In order to further define specific DNA copy number changes in cervical cancer, we analyzed 20 cervical samples (3 pre-malignant lesions, 10 invasive tumors, and 7 cell lines), using the GenoSensor microarray CGH system to define particular genetic targets that suffer copy number changes. RESULTS: The most common DNA gains detected by array CGH in the invasive samples were located at the RBP1-RBP2 (3q21-q22) genes, the sub-telomeric clone C84C11/T3 (5ptel), D5S23 (5p15.2) and the DAB2 gene (5p13) in 58.8% of the samples. The most common losses were found at the FHIT gene (3p14.2) in 47% of the samples, followed by deletions at D8S504 (8p23.3), CTDP1-SHGC- 145820 (18qtel), KIT (4q11-q12), D1S427-FAF1 (1p32.3), D9S325 (9qtel), EIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, 4q24), RB1 (13q14), and DXS7132 (Xq12) present in 5/17 (29.4%) of the samples. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the presence of a specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances in cervical carcinoma and define specific targets that are suffering DNA copy number changes in this neoplasm