Antimicrobial resistance spectrum conferred by pRErm46 of emerging macrolide (multidrug)-resistant Rhodococcus equi

Clonal multidrug resistance recently emerged in Rhodococcus equi, complicating the therapeutic management of this difficult-to-treat animal- and human-pathogenic actinomycete. The currently spreading multidrug-resistant (MDR) “2287” clone arose in equine farms upon acquisition, and coselection by mass macrolide-rifampin therapy, of the pRErm46 plasmid carrying the erm(46) macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance determinant, and of an rpoB(S531F) mutation. Here, we screened a collection of susceptible and macrolide-resistant R. equi strains from equine clinical cases using a panel of 15 antimicrobials against rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and nocardiae and other aerobic actinomycetes (NAA). R. equi isolates—including MDR ones—were generally susceptible to linezolid, minocycline, tigecycline, amikacin, and tobramycin according to Staphylococcus aureus interpretive criteria, plus imipenem, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for RGM/NAA. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin was borderline according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. Molecular analyses linked pRErm46 to significantly increased MICs for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline, in addition to clarithromycin, within the RGM/NAA panel, and to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and tetracycline resistance. pRErm46 variants with spontaneous deletions in the class 1 integron (C1I) region, observed in ≈30% of erm(46)-positive isolates, indicated that the newly identified resistances were attributable to the C1I’s sulfonamide (sul1) and aminoglycoside (aaA9) resistance cassettes and adjacent tetRA(33) determinant. Most MDR isolates carried the rpoB(S531F) mutation of the 2287 clone, while different rpoB mutations (S531L, S531Y) detected in two cases suggest the emergence of novel MDR R. equi strains

Proffesional teaching practice as an interdisciplinary scenario for students’ skill development

A través de una experiencia docente concreta de articulación interdisciplinar, pretendemos exponer y reflexionar sobre la importancia de la Práctica Profesional Docente como lugar donde convergen los espacios curriculares para que los estudiantes desarrollen sus capacidades, favoreciendo una articulación efectiva y el logro de aprendizajes dentro del primer año de estudios del Profesorado de Educación Primaria del Instituto de Formación Docente y Técnica 9-003. Entre estos espacios coordinados se distinguen: Didáctica General, Prácticas de Lectura Escritura y Oralidad y la Práctica Profesional Docente en cuestión. Destacamos dentro de los resultados, que la experiencia de aprendizaje ha facilitado el desarrollo del ?dominio del saber? que implica: la vinculación entre la teoría y práctica, la relación de conceptos, la transferencia de conocimiento, entre otras; posibilitando que los futuros docentes puedan ensayar su rol como educadores reflexivos.Between these coordinated spaces are distinguished: General Didactics, Writing and Orality Reading Practices and the Teaching Professional Practice in question. We emphasize within the results, that the learning experience has facilitated the development of the "domain of knowledge" that implies: the link between theory and practice, the relation of concepts, the transfer of knowledge, among others; making it possible for future teachers to rehearse their role as reflective educators.Fil: Di Marco, María Elisa. Centro de Investigaciones de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Mariela Natalia. No especifíca

Pangenome and Phylogenomic Analysis of the Pathogenic Actinobacterium Rhodococcus equi

We report a comparative study of 29 representative genomes of the animal pathogen Rhodococcus equi. The analyses showed that R. equi is genetically homogeneous and clonal, with a large core genome accounting for ≈80% of an isolates’ gene content. An open pangenome, even distribution of accessory genes among the isolates, and absence of significant core–genome recombination, indicated that gene gain/loss is a main driver of R. equi genome evolution. Traits previously predicted to be important in R. equi physiology, virulence and niche adaptation were part of the core genome. This included the lack of a phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate transport system (PTS), unique among the rhodococci except for the closely related Rhodococcus defluvii, reflecting selective PTS gene loss in the R. equi–R. defluvii sublineage. Thought to be asaccharolytic, rbsCB and glcP non-PTS sugar permease homologues were identified in the core genome and, albeit inefficiently, R. equi utilized their putative substrates, ribose and (irregularly) glucose. There was no correlation between R. equi whole-genome phylogeny and host or geographical source, with evidence of global spread of genomovars. The distribution of host-associated virulence plasmid types was consistent with the exchange of the plasmids (and corresponding host shifts) across the R. equi population, and human infection being zoonotically acquired. Phylogenomic analyses demonstrated that R. equi occupies a central position in the Rhodococcus phylogeny, not supporting the recently proposed transfer of the species to a new genus

Closed-Form Exact Solutions for the Unforced Quintic Nonlinear Oscillator

Closed-form exact solutions for the periodic motion of the one-dimensional, undamped, quintic oscillator are derived from the first integral of the nonlinear differential equation which governs the behaviour of this oscillator. Two parameters characterize this oscillator: one is the coefficient of the linear term and the other is the coefficient of the quintic term. Not only the common case in which both coefficients are positive but also all possible combinations of positive and negative values of these coefficients which provide periodic motions are considered. The set of possible combinations of signs of these coefficients provides four different cases but only three different pairs of period-solution. The periods are given in terms of the complete elliptic integral of the first kind and the solutions involve Jacobi elliptic function. Some particular cases obtained varying the parameters that characterize this oscillator are presented and discussed. The behaviour of the periods as a function of the initial amplitude is analysed and the exact solutions for several values of the parameters involved are plotted. An interesting feature is that oscillatory motions around the equilibrium point that is not at x = 0 are also considered.This work was supported by the “Generalitat Valenciana” of Spain, under Project PROMETEOII/2015/015 and by the Universidad de Alicante, Spain, under Project GITE-09006-UA

Efecto de la consistencia de microestacas y diferentes concentraciones de AIB (Ácido indolbutírico) y ANA (Ácido naftalenacético) en el enraizamiento de Macleania rupestris bajo condiciones controladas

Macleania rupestris, conocida comúnmente como Joyapa, es una especie de la familia Ericaceae que muestra un alto potencial de uso y comercialización por los múltiples beneficios que ofrece, pero que presenta un escaso enraizamiento al momento de su propagación. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de la consistencia de microestacas de M. rupestris (herbácea y semileñosa) y de dos tipos de auxinas 1) ácido indolbutírico (AIB) y 2) ácido naftalenacético (ANA) aplicadas en 4 concentraciones (0, 500, 1000 y 2000 mg/l) en el enraizamiento de M. rupestris bajo condiciones controladas. Los tratamientos se evaluaron en sustrato líquido (agua) y se mantuvieron dentro de bandejas cubiertas durante 90 días, registrando temperatura y humedad relativa. Se evaluó el porcentaje de enraizamiento, el número de raíces por estaca, la longitud de las raíces y el porcentaje de microestacas vivas. Los resultados mostraron que las microestacas semileñosas respondieron mejor al enraizamiento (6,67%) en comparación con las de consistencia herbácea (0,83%). Respecto al tipo de auxina, las microestacas tratadas con ANA presentaron mayor enraizamiento en comparación con las tratadas con AIB. Con ANA, la concentración baja (500 mg/l) obtuvo el mayor número de microestacas enraizadas (13,3%), sin embargo, el porcentaje alcanzado sigue siendo muy bajo e insuficiente para un proceso de propagación masiva.Macleania rupestris, commonly known as Joyapa, is a species of the Ericaceae family that shows a high potential for use and commercialization due to the multiple benefits it offers, but it has little rooting at the time of its propagation. In this research, the effect of the consistency of microcuttings of M. rupestris (herbaceous and semi-woody) and of two types of auxins 1) indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 2) naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applied at 4 concentrations (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/l) in the rooting of M. rupestris under controlled conditions. Treatments were evaluated in liquid substrate (water) and kept inside covered trays for 90 days, recording temperature and relative humidity. The rooting percentage, the number of roots per cutting, the length of the roots and the percentage of living microcuttings were evaluated. The results showed that the semi-woody microcuttings responded better to rooting compared to those of herbaceous consistency. Regarding the type of auxin, the microcuttings treated with ANA showed greater rooting compared to those treated with AIB. With the low concentration of ANA (500 mg/l) the highest number of rooted microcuttings was obtained, however, the percentage reached is still very low and insufficient for a massive propagation process.0000-0002-7285-264

Exact and approximate solutions for the anti-symmetric quadratic truly nonlinear oscillator

The exact solution of the anti-symmetric quadratic truly nonlinear oscillator is derived from the first integral of the nonlinear differential equation which governs the behavior of this oscillator. This exact solution is expressed as a piecewise function including Jacobi elliptic cosine functions. The Fourier series expansion of the exact solution is also analyzed and its coefficients are computed numerically. We also show that these Fourier coefficients decrease rapidly and, consequently, using just a few of them provides an accurate analytical representation of the exact periodic solution. Some approximate solutions containing only two harmonics as well as a rational harmonic representation are obtained and compared with the exact solution.This work was supported by the “Generalitat Valenciana” of Spain (projects PROMETEO/2011/021 and ISIC/2012/013), and by the “Vicerrectorado de Tecnologías de la Información” of the University of Alicante, Spain (project GITE-09006-UA)

Analytical approximate solutions for the cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator in terms of elementary functions

Accurate approximate closed-form solutions for the cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator are obtained in terms of elementary functions. To do this, we use the previous results obtained using a cubication method in which the restoring force is expanded in Chebyshev polynomials and the original nonlinear differential equation is approximated by a cubic Duffing equation. Explicit approximate solutions are then expressed as a function of the complete elliptic integral of the first kind and the Jacobi elliptic function cn. Then we obtain other approximate expressions for these solutions, which are expressed in terms of elementary functions. To do this, the relationship between the complete elliptic integral of the first kind and the arithmetic-geometric mean is used and the rational harmonic balance method is applied to obtain the periodic solution of the original nonlinear oscillator.This work was supported by the “Generalitat Valenciana” of Spain, under Project PROMETEO/2011/021, and by the “Vicerrectorado de Tecnología e Innovación Educativa” of the University of Alicante, Spain, under Project GITE-09006-UA

Effects of solarization on the biological and chemical properties of a substrate

Convenio de Cooperación Técnica entre FCA (UNC) e INTA: “Evaluación de la capacidad biofertilizante, bioprotectora y biocontroladora e bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPR) utilizadas para potenciar los programas de mejoramiento de maní, alfalfa y sorgo” (Nº 28142) 2021-2024Greenhouse experiments and productions require a high-level control of pests and diseases. Nowadays, society demands to find sustainable alternatives to replace agrochemicals in food production. Solarization is one of the most promising tools due to its low installation cost and control efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of solarization on a substrate for a greenhouse experiment in Córdoba, Argentina. At the INTA-Manfredi Agricultural Experimental Station, 12 m3 of substrate underwent the solarization process, being exposed to solar radiation for six months (December 2021-May 2022). In addition, substrate control remained in natural conditions. Soil functional groups using different growth culture media were measured to verify the solarization effect. The solarized substrate showed a reduction in proteolytic microorganisms (90 %), mesophiles (93 %) and fungi (100 %). The ammonifiers and biological nitrogen fixers microorganisms were reduced by 78 % compared to the control treatment, while yeasts and Bacillus spp. showed reductions up to 64 % and 69 %, respectively. Solarization achieved a 99 % reduction of weeds. The pH decreased by 1.9 % and the electrical conductivity (EC) increased by 5.91 % in the solarized substrate. The total dissolved solids increased by 169 % for the solarized substrate.Los ensayos y la producción en invernaderos requieren un alto nivel de control de plagas y enfermedades. La sociedad exige alternativas sostenibles que sustituyan a los agroquímicos. La solarización es una de las herramientas prometedoras debido a su bajo costo y eficiencia de control, para la desinfección de sustratos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la solarización sobre un sustrato en Córdoba, Argentina. En la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA-Manfredi, 12 m3 de sustrato se expusieron a la radiación solar durante seis meses (diciembre 2021 - mayo 2022). El sustrato control no fue solarizado. Se midieron grupos funcionales utilizando diferentes medios de cultivo. El sustrato solarizado mostró una reducción de microorganismos proteolíticos (90 %), mesófilos (93 %) y hongos (100 %). Los microorganismos amonificadores y fijadores biológicos de nitrógeno se redujeron en un 78 % en comparación con el tratamiento de control, mientras que las levaduras y Bacillus spp. mostraron reducciones de hasta el 64 % y el 69 %, respectivamente. Las malezas se redujeron 99 %. El pH disminuyó un 1,9 % y la conductividad eléctrica (CE) aumentó un 5,91% en el sustrato solarizado. Los sólidos disueltos totales (SDT) aumentaron un 169 %.EEA ManfrediFil: Ayoub, Ibrahim. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Bigatton, Ezequiel Darío. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Archilla, Mariela Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Lucini, Enrique Iván. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, María Valeria . Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; Argentin

Effects of solarization on the biological and chemical properties of a substrate

Los ensayos y la producción en invernaderos requieren un alto nivel de control de plagas y enfermedades. La sociedad exige alternativas sostenibles que sustituyan a los agroquímicos. La solarización es una de las herramientas prometedoras debido a su bajo costo y eficiencia de control, para la desinfección de sustratos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la solarización sobre un sustrato en Córdoba, Argentina. En la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA-Manfredi, 12 m3 de sustrato se expusierona la radiación solar durante seis meses (diciembre 2021 - mayo 2022). El sustrato control no fue solarizado. Se midieron grupos funcionales utilizando diferentes medios de cultivo. El sustrato solarizado mostró una reducción de microorganismos proteolíticos (90 %), mesófilos (93 %) y hongos (100 %). Los microorganismos amonificadores y fijadores biológicos de nitrógeno se redujeron en un 78 % en comparación con el tratamiento de control, mientras que las levaduras y Bacillus spp. mostraron reducciones de hasta el 64 % yel 69 %, respectivamente. Las malezas se redujeron 99 %. El pH disminuyó un 1,9 % y la conductividad eléctrica (CE) aumentó un 5,91 % en el sustrato solarizado. Los sólidos disueltos totales (SDT) aumentaron un 169 %.Greenhouse experiments and productions require a high-level control of pests and diseases. Nowadays, society demands to find sustainable alternatives to replace agrochemicals in food production. Solarization is one of the most promising tools due to its low installation cost and control efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of solarization on a substrate for a greenhouse experiment in Córdoba, Argentina. At the INTA-Manfredi Agricultural Experimental Station, 12 m3 of substrate underwent the solarization process, being exposed to solar radiation for six months (December 2021- May 2022). In addition, substrate control remained in natural conditions. Soil functional groups using different growth culture media were measured to verify the solarization effect. The solarized substrate showed a reduction in proteolytic microorganisms (90 %), mesophiles (93 %) and fungi (100 %). The ammonifiers and biological nitrogen fixers microorganisms were reduced by 78 % compared to the control treatment, while yeasts and Bacillus spp. showed reductions up to 64 % and 69 %, respectively. Solarization achieved a 99 % reduction of weeds. The pH decreased by 1.9 % and the electrical conductivity (EC) increased by 5.91 % in the solarized substrate. The total dissolved solids increased by 169 % for the solarized substrate.Fil: Ayoub, Ibrahim. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bigatton, Ezequiel Darío. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Archilla, Mariela Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Lucini, Enrique Iván. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, María Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentin

Estrategia de intervención en la prevención de las caídas en el adulto mayor. (Ensayo)

This essay had the purpose of knowing and evaluating the level of knowledge about factors associated with falls in the elderly. The level of knowledge was identified, different training activities on the subject were carried out and the initial instrument was applied again, verifying the results obtained before and after the educational intervention. Raising the level of knowledge after applying the educational intervention strategy. Knowledge on the topics was enriched: intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with falls, consequences and importance of physical exercise in the prevention of falls; The impact of this intervention was verified by obtaining greater knowledge about the subject. In order to prevent a fall in time in these types of patients, in addition to linking the family in this process.      Este ensayo tuvo la finalidad de conocer y evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre factores asociados a las caídas en los adultos mayores. Se identificó el nivel de conocimientos, se realizaron diferentes actividades de capacitación sobre el tema y se aplicó nuevamente el instrumento inicial comprobándose los resultados obtenidos antes y después de la intervención educativa. Elevándose el nivel de conocimientos después de aplicada la estrategia de intervención educativa. Se enriquecieron los conocimientos sobre los temas: factores Intrínsecos y extrínsecos asociados a las caídas, consecuencias e importancia del ejercicio físico en la prevención de las caídas; el impacto de dicha intervención se constató con la obtención de un mayor conocimiento acerca del tema. Para lograr prevenir a tiempo una caída en estos tipos de pacientes, además de vincular a la familia en este proceso