Pectinasas en la autolisis de los hongos fitopatógenos : estudio especial en alternaria alternata

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída en 1984.Fac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEProQuestpu

Modelo estándar de catalogación en un SIG patriomonial

Este trabajo presenta un modelo estándar de catalogación de información patrimonial para su representación y análisis en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG), sustentada en estándares propios, tanto de la información geográfica, como de la información museográfica, documental y bibliográfica. El caso de estudio es el Conjunto Monumental del Monasterio de San Isidoro del Campo, que se fue conformando a lo largo de cinco siglos, sufriendo diversas transformaciones, y generando una ingente documentación conservada de forma parcial en distintas instituciones de toda España. El proyecto se va a centrar prioritariamente en el área musealizada, que son 2.000 m2, aunque la totalidad del monasterio tiene unas dimensiones mayores. Para este trabajo se cuenta además con los estudios histórico-artísticos, los resultados de intervenciones arqueológicas, los trabajos de restauración y de puesta en valor del área musealizada. La complejidad y el volumen de documentación del Monasterio supone un gran reto para conseguir abordar la propuesta, con la que se quiere comprobar que estos estándares facilitan y ayudan a la comprensión de la evolución histórica de un conjunto monumental y sus estructuras constructivas, así como el mantenimiento de las relaciones entre el conjunto y las piezas que le son o han sido propias y están siendo custodiadas en otros lugares. Por último, este enfoque se centra en la explotación de los datos para apoyar la investigación, gestión y difusión del Conjunto Monumental.This paper presents a cataloging standard model of heritage information for display and analysis in a Geographic Information System (GIS), building on their own standards, both of geographic information, including museum information, documents and literature. The case study is the Monumental Site of the Monastery of San Isidoro del Campo it was shaped through five centuries, undergoing several transformations, and generating a huge partially preserved documentation in different institutions in Spain. The project will focus primarily on the musealized area, which are 2000 m2, but the entire monastery has larger dimensions. For this work also has art historical studies, the results of archaeological digs, the work of restoration musealized area. The complexity and volume of documentation of the Monastery is a major challenge to achieve the proposed deal, with which you want to check that these standards and help facilitate understanding of the historical evolution of a monumental and building structures, as well as maintaining relationships between the whole and the parts that are or have been and are being guarded themselves elsewhere. Finally, this approach focuses on the use of data to support research, management and dissemination of the Monument

The impact of economic recessions on depression and individual and social well-being: The case of Spain (European Social Surveys 2006 and 2013).

Purpose. Although there is abundant evidence about their impact of economic crises on depression and other mental health problems, little is known about the protective role of variables linked to positive functioning (i.e., psychological well-being). Methods. We analyzed data from Spain, one of the European countries most affected by the 2008-2013 economic recession, collected in Round 3 (R3, 2006) and Round 6 (R6, 2013) of the European Social Survey interviews. Both surveys included measures of psychological well-being, social well-being and depression. Both samples were nationally representative of the general population (R3: 1877 participants, 49.2% men; R6: 1889 participants, 48.9% men). Results. Data from the R6 survey showed that, compared to data gathered in R3 (i.e., before the onset of the recession), Spanish citizens showed significantly less life satisfaction (95% CIs .37 to .63), less personal optimism (95% CIs .03 to .15), less social optimism (95% CIs .75 to .85), and higher levels of depressive symptoms (95% CIs -.74 to -.19). Structural equation modeling revealed that protective factors for depression changed in both rounds. In R3 (2006), social optimism and social trust were significant mediators between well-being and depression. Yet, both buffering variables were no longer significant in R6 (2013). In R6, psychological well-being was directly related to depression with no further mediation. Conclusions. Economic crises are associated with a significant increase of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, financial crises seem to have a corrosive impact on mental health by reducing the buffering effects of positive beliefs regarding the good nature of society.pre-print2941 K

Genetic regulation of aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, trichothecene, and fumonisin biosynthesis: A review

Mycotoxins are a significant food safety concern. Aflatoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisins, and ochratoxin A are considered the most important mycotoxins due to their frequent occurrence in food products and their well-known toxicity. The regulation of mycotoxin biosynthesis occurs mainly at transcriptional level, and specific regulators have been described in every biosynthetic cluster. Secondary metabolite production, including mycotoxin synthesis, is also regulated by general regulator pathways affected by light, osmotic stress and oxidative stress, among others. This review is focused on this genetic regulation of mycotoxin biosynthesis by specific genes and global regulators

The Integrative Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression (IPPI-D).

Despite the variety of empirically supported treatments for depression, many available evidence-based treatments do not satisfactorily promote or maintain clinically significant changes in patients. Moreover, treatments for depression have been primarily focused on reducing patients' symptoms or deficits and less concerned with building positive resources that seem to be of interest to depressed individuals. This paper describes a manualized protocol of a new empirically-validated positive psychological intervention for depression, which incorporates a balance between hedonic and eudaimonic components and a combination of in-session exercises and homework. The protocol is a 10-session program, in a group format, and includes interventions that have been shown to be effective in increasing well-being or alleviating depressive symptoms. The rationale for developing this protocol, the underlying theoretical framework and some general guidelines for its application are presented. Furthermore, the implications of this protocol are discussed, demonstrating how it overcomes some of the limitations of current, evidence-based psychological treatments for depression.pre-print1087 K

A Novel Niosome-Encapsulated Essential Oil Formulation to Prevent Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize Grains During Storage

Aflatoxin (AF) contamination of maize is a major concern for food safety. The use of chemical fungicides is controversial, and it is necessary to develop new effective methods to control Aspergillus flavus growth and, therefore, to avoid the presence of AFs in grains. In this work, we tested in vitro the effect of six essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic plants. We selected those from Satureja montana and Origanum virens because they show high levels of antifungal and antitoxigenic activity at low concentrations against A. flavus. EOs are highly volatile compounds and we have developed a new niosome-based encapsulation method to extend their shelf life and activity. These new formulations have been successfully applied to reduce fungal growth and AF accumulation in maize grains in a small-scale test, as well as placing the maize into polypropylene woven bags to simulate common storage conditions. In this latter case, the antifungal properties lasted up to 75 days after the first applicatio

Divergence of the IGS rDNA in Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium globosum reveals two strain specific non-orthologous types

A phylogenic analysis of Fusarium proliferatum and closely related species was performed using the most variable part within the intergenic spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (IGS) and compared with a previously reported phylogeny performed in the same group of samples with a partial region of the nuclear single copy gene encoding the elongation factor 1α (EF-1α). The phylogenies from both genomic sequences were not concordant and revealed the presence of two nonorthologous IGS types, named types I and II, in F. proliferatum and Fusarium globosum. Two specific PCR assays designed to amplify either IGS type I or type II revealed that only one IGS type was present in each individual in these two species. The presence of both IGS types at the species level indicates that homogenization has not been achieved yet. This might be retarded if panmictic sexual reproduction was affected by certain levels of clonal reproduction and/or by the diverse hosts that these species are able to colonize. This study indicates that taxonomic studies carried out with the IGS rDNA, which has been widely used in Fusarium, should be undertaken with caution

A Comprehensive Study on the Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Their Producing Fungi during the Maize Production Cycle in Spain

Mycotoxin contamination is one of the main problems affecting corn production, due to its significant risk to human and animal health. The Fusarium and Aspergillus species are the main producers of mycotoxins in maize, infecting both pre-harvest and during storage. In this work, we evaluated the presence of mycotoxins and their producing species along maize production cycles in three different stages (anthesis, harvest, and storage) during three consecutive seasons (2016–2018). Fungal occurrences were studied using species-specific PCR protocols, whereas mycotoxin levels were determined by LC-MS/MS. Fumonisin-producing Fusarium species (F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum), as well as the aflatoxin producer Aspergillus flavus, were the most predominant species at all stages; although, during some seasons, the presence of F. graminearum and A. niger aggregate species were also identified. Contrastingly, fumonisins were the only mycotoxins detected and levels were always under legal regulations. The results presented here demonstrate that even when fungal contamination occurs at the early stages of the maize production cycle, the application of good agricultural and storage practices might be crucial to ensure mycotoxin-free grains

Synthetic nanocarriers for the delivery of polynucleotides to the eye

This is the accepted manuscript of the following article: Saraiva, S., Castro-López, V., Pañeda, C., & Alonso, M. (2017). Synthetic nanocarriers for the delivery of polynucleotides to the eye. European Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 103, 5-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.001This review is a comprehensive analysis of the progress made so far on the delivery of polynucleotide-based therapeutics to the eye, using synthetic nanocarriers. Attention has been addressed to the capacity of different nanocarriers for the specific delivery of polynucleotides to both, the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, with emphasis on their ability to (i) improve the transport of polynucleotides across the different eye barriers; (ii) promote their intracellular penetration into the target cells; (iii) protect them against degradation and, (iv) deliver them in a long-term fashion way. Overall, the conclusion is that despite the advantages that nanotechnology may offer to the area of ocular polynucleotide-based therapies (especially AS-ODN and siRNA delivery), the knowledge disclosed so far is still limited. This fact underlines the necessity of more fundamental and product-oriented research for making the way of the said nanotherapies towards clinical translationThis work was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant agreement No. 642028 (NABBA) and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under Grant agreement No. RTC-2014-2375-1 (SURFeye)S