Reporte de Cichlidogyrus tilapiae (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) en Oreochromis niloticus “tilapia” (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) colectados en un estanque piscícola en la Amazonía peruana

Tilapias are fish introduced to Latin America and are considered harmful to natural ecosystems. The presence of these fish has been detected in natural water bodies and in breeding ponds in the Loreto Region, Peru. In the present study, the gills of Oreochromis niloticus “tilapia” from a culture pond on the Iquitos-Nauta highway were analysed, and the monogenoid Cichlidogyrus tilapiae parasitizing O. niloticus was identified. This would be the first report in the region of a species of Monogenoidea collected from the gills of an exotic fish.Las tilapias son peces introducidos a América Latina y son considerados como perjudiciales para los ecosistemas naturales. Se ha detectado la presencia de estos peces en cuerpos de agua naturales y en estanques de cría en la Región de Loreto, Perú. En el presente estudio se analizaron las branquias de Oreochromis niloticus “tilapia” procedentes de un estanque de cultivo del eje carretero Iquitos-Nauta, pudiendo identificar al monogenoideo Cichlidogyrus tilapiae parasitando a O. niloticus. Este sería el primer reporte en la región de una especie de Monogenoidea colectada de las branquias de un pez exótico

Biodereplication of antiplasmodial extracts: application of the amazonian medicinal plant piper coruscans kunth

Improved methodological tools to hasten antimalarial drug discovery remain of interest, especially when considering natural products as a source of drug candidates. We propose a biodereplication method combining the classical dereplication approach with the early detection of potential antiplasmodial compounds in crude extracts. Heme binding is used as a surrogate of the antiplasmodial activity and is monitored by mass spectrometry in a biomimetic assay. Molecular networking and automated annotation of targeted mass through data mining were followed by mass-guided compound isolation by taking advantage of the versatility and finely tunable selectivity offered by centrifugal partition chromatography. This biodereplication workflow was applied to an ethanolic extract of the Amazonian medicinal plant Piper coruscans Kunth (Piperaceae) showing an IC50 of 1.36 ug/mL on the 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum strain. It resulted in the isolation of twelve compounds designated as potential antiplasmodial compounds by the biodereplication workflow. Two chalcones, aurentiacin (1) and cardamonin (3), with IC50 values of 2.25 and 5.5 uM, respectively, can be considered to bear the antiplasmodial activity of the extract, with the latter not relying on a heme-binding mechanism. This biodereplication method constitutes a rapid, efficient, and robust technique to identify potential antimalarial compounds in complex extracts such as plant extracts

Cannabinoids vs. whole metabolome: Relevance of cannabinomics in analyzing Cannabis varieties

International audienceCannabis sativa has a long history of domestication both for its bioactive compounds and its fibers. This has produced hundreds of varieties, usually characterized in the literature by chemotypes, with Δ9-THC and CBD content as the main markers. However, chemotyping could also be done based on minor compounds (phytocannabinoids and others). In this work, a workflow, which we propose to name cannabinomics, combines mass spectrometry of the whole metabolome and statistical analysis to help differentiate C. sativa varieties and deciphering their characteristic markers. By applying this cannabinomics approach to the data obtained from 20 varieties of C. sativa (classically classified as chemotype I, II, or III), we compared the results with those obtained by a targeted quantification of 11 phytocannabinoids. Cannabinomics can be considered as a complementary tool for phenotyping and genotyping, allowing the identification of minor compounds playing a key role as markers of differentiation

CARACTERIZACIÓN QUÍMICA DE NUEVE ACCESIONES DE Plukenetia volubilis L. DE LOS DEPARTAMENTOS DE LORETO Y SAN MARTÍN

Se realizó la caracterización química de las semillas de nueve accesiones de sacha inchi Plukenetia volubilis L. del “Centro de Investigaciones de Pucayacu” (Banco de germoplasma - Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana) en Tarapoto, San Martín. Esta caracterización fue basada en análisis centesimales, análisis fisicoquímicos de aceites, determinación de minerales, caracterización de ácidos grasos e identificación de aminoácidos esenciales. Se determinó que las mejores accesiones en rendimiento de aceite fueron las accesiones 4 y 2 con 20.12% y 20.23% respectivamente. En cuanto a minerales las mejores accesiones fueron (en miligramos por 100g de muestra seca) el 4 (K=892.93; Na=238.02; Zn=16.43) y el 5 (K=863.65; Zn=15.95; Mg=340.15). En tanto que en ácidos grasos los mayores valores de ù-3, fueron encontrados en la accesión 18 (47.91%) y ù-6 en la accesión 6 (41.09%). Todos los resultados encontrados fueron significativos estadísticamente (test Tukey), permitiéndonos determinar que existen diferencias concretas en la características químicas entre las accesiones estudiadas

Metabotyping of Andean pseudocereals and characterization of emerging mycotoxins

International audiencePseudocereals are best known for three crops derived from the Andes: quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), canihua (C. pallidicaule), and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus). Their grains are recognized for their nutritional benefits; however, there is a higher level of polyphenism. Meanwhile, the chemical food safety of pseudocereals remains poorly documented. Here, we applied untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches by LC-MS to achieve both: i) a comprehensive chemical mapping of pseudocereal samples collected in the Andes; and ii) a quantification of their contents in emerging mycotoxins. An inventory of the fungal community was also realized to better know the fungi present in these grains. Metabotyping permitted to add new insights into the chemotaxonomy of pseudocereals, confirming the previously established phylotranscriptomic clades. Sixteen samples from Peru (out of 27) and one from France (out of one) were contaminated with Beauvericin, an emerging mycotoxin. Several mycotoxigenic fungi were detected, including Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Alternaria sp

Chemical characterization and oxidative stability of the oils from three morphotypes of <i>Mauritia flexuosa</i> L.f, from the Peruvian Amazon

Three morphotypes of aguaje <i>Mauritia flexuosa</i> were tested, classified by the color of their mesocarpium: “color”, “shambo” and “amarillo”, collected from different areas near the city of Iquitos, Peru. Also, physical-chemical analyses of the mesocarpium were performed, such as the characterization of fatty acids by gas chromatography, determination of β- carotene y α – tocopherol by high efficiency liquid chromatography system in normal and reverse phase and the determination of oxidation induction time in the Rancimat apparatus. Proximate, mineral and fatty acid analyses were done on the seeds. The aguaje mesocarpium is rich in oleic oil (“amarillo”: 75.63% ± 0.31), β-carotene (“amarillo”: 342.42ug/g ± 0.71) and α- tocopherol (“color”: 685.81mg/L ± 1.04), plus the morphotype “color” has a superior oxidation induction time compared to other morphotypes with 6.91 ± 0.01. The aguaje seed contains significant amounts of ω6 (linoleic oil) in “shambo” with 36.04 ± 0.09%. The results indicate that these oils, regardless their classification, contain important chemical compounds that give them a special nutritive value.<br><br>Se estudiaron tres morfotipos de aguaje <i>Mauritia flexuosa</i> L. f., clasificados por el color del mesocarpio: “color”, “shambo” y “amarillo”, recogidos de localidades cercanas a la ciudad de Iquitos- Perú. Del mismo modo a partir del mesocarpio se realizaron los análisis fisicoquímicos, la caracterización de los ácidos grasos por cromatografía gaseosa, la determinación de β-caroteno y α– tocoferol por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia (HPLC) fase reversa y normal y la determinación del tiempo de inducción de la oxidación en el equipo de Rancimat. A partir de la semilla se realizaron los análisis centesimales, de minerales y ácidos grasos. Los mesocarpios de aguaje son ricos en ácido oleico (amarillo: 75.63% ± 0.31), β-caroteno (amarillo: 342.42 ug/g ± 0.71) y α- tocoferol (color: 685.81mg/L ± 1.04), y además el morfotipo “color” tiene un tiempo de inducción superior a los otros morfotipos con 6.91 ± 0.01, asimismo en la semilla de aguaje se encuentran cantidades considerables de ω6 (ácido linoleico) en “shambo” con 36.04 ± 0.09%. Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que estos aceites independientemente de la clasificación que se le asigne contienen importantes compuestos químicos que le brindan un altor valor nutricional

Chemical modulation of the metabolism of an endophytic fungal strain of Cophinforma mamane using epigenetic modifiers and amino-acids

International audienceEndophytic fungi are capable of producing a great diversity of bioactive metabolites. However, the presence of silent and lowly expressed genes represents a main challenge for the discovery of novel secondary metabolites with different potential uses. Epigenetic modifiers have shown to perturb the production of fungal metabolites through the induction of silent biosynthetic pathways leading to an enhanced chemical diversity. Moreover, the addition of bioprecursors to the culture medium has been described as a useful strategy to induce specific biosynthetic pathways. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different chemical modulators on the metabolic profiles of an endophytic fungal strain of Cophinforma mamane (Botryosphaeriaceae), known to produce 3 thiodiketopiperazine (TDKP) alkaloids (botryosulfuranols A-C), previously isolated and characterized by our team. Four epigenetic modifiers, 5-azacytidine (AZA), sodium butyrate (SB), nicotinamide (NIC), homoserine lactone (HSL) as well as 2 amino acids, l-phenylalanine and l-tryptophan, as bioprecursors of TDKPs, were used. The metabolic profiles were analysed by UHPLC-HRMS/MS under an untargeted metabolomics approach. Our results show that the addition of the two amino acids in C. mamane culture and the treatment with AZA significantly reduced the production of the TDKPs botryosulfuranols A, B and C. Interestingly, the treatment with HSL significantly induced the production of different classes of diketopiperazines (DKPs). The treatment with AZA resulted as the most effective epigenetic modifier for the alteration of the secondary metabolite profile of C. mamane by promoting the expression of cryptic genes

Anti-protozoal and anti-fungal evaluation of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2-dioxolanes

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