2,079 research outputs found

    Beyond Bologna : the Bologna process as a global template for higher education reform efforts

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    This paper investigates recent regional higher education reform initiatives in non-European regions. It studies which non-European regions have launched Bologna style reform initiatives and analyses these initiatives by means of case studies. The regions where such initiatives were launched are the Asia-Pacific region, parts of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. In a nutshell, cultural and institutional similarities among countries participating in these regional initiatives as well as between these countries and Bologna participants can account for the adoption of Bologna style policies. Additionally, dependence on and competition for resources, such as students and academic reputation, determine the non-European universities’ responses to the Bologna Process. In more general terms, the Bologna Process has a major impact even on non-European regions. All the initiatives have in common that they have similar goals as the Bologna Process. Moreover, they have emulated the governance mode of the Bologna Process to a large extent

    Beyond Bologna: The Bologna process as a global template for higher education reform efforts

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    This paper investigates recent regional higher education reform initiatives in non-European regions. It studies which non-European regions have launched Bologna style reform initiatives and analyses these initiatives by means of case studies. The regions where such initiatives were launched are the Asia-Pacific region, parts of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. In a nutshell, cultural and institutional similarities among countries participating in these regional initiatives as well as between these countries and Bologna participants can account for the adoption of Bologna style policies. Additionally, dependence on and competition for resources, such as students and academic reputation, determine the non-European universities' responses to the Bologna Process. In more general terms, the Bologna Process has a major impact even on non-European regions. All the initiatives have in common that they have similar goals as the Bologna Process. Moreover, they have emulated the governance mode of the Bologna Process to a large extent. -- Die vorliegende Studie untersucht jĂŒngste hochschulpolitische Reforminitiativen nicht-europĂ€ischer Regionen. Dabei fokussiert die Studie darauf, welche nicht-europĂ€ischen Regionen dem Bologna-Prozess Ă€hnliche Reforminitiativen initiiert haben und analysiert die einzelnen Initiativen anhand von Fallstudien. Die Regionen, in denen solche Initiativen initiiert wurden, sind der Asien-Pazifik-Raum, Teile von Afrika sowie Lateinamerika und die Karibik. Zusammenfassend bedingen kulturelle und institutionelle Ähnlichkeiten dieser LĂ€nder untereinander sowie zwischen diesen LĂ€ndern und Bologna-Teilnahmestaaten die Übernahme von Bologna Ă€hnlichen Policies. Des Weiteren determiniert die AbhĂ€ngigkeit von und der Wettbewerb um Ressourcen, wie Studenten und wissenschaftliche Reputation, die Reaktion nicht-europĂ€ischer UniversitĂ€ten auf den Bologna-Prozess. Insgesamt lĂ€sst sich feststellen, dass der Bologna-Prozess bedeutenden Einfluss selbst auf nicht-europĂ€ische Regionen ausĂŒbt. Nicht nur gleichen die Policies aller untersuchten Initiativen denen des Bologna-Prozesses, auch die Steuerungsstrukturen des Bologna-Prozesses wurden in diesen Initiativen nachgeahmt.

    The network of international student mobility: Enlargement and consolidation of the European transnational education space?

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    In this paper, we investigate the impact of membership in the Bologna Process on patterns and driving forces of cross-national student mobility. Student exchange flows are analyzed for Bologna Process member states and non-Bologna OECD members over a ten-year period (from 2000 to 2010). We apply a social network approach focusing on outbound diploma-mobility. Based on social network analyses, we first visualize the exchange patterns between sampled countries. In doing so, we analyze the student exchange linkages to first gain descriptive insights into the development of the network. Second, we use exponential random graph models (ERGM) to test which factors determine transnational student mobility. The results of our network analyses reveal that cross-national student exchange networks are stable over time. At the core of these networks are the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany; they attract the highest shares of students from the remaining countries in our sample. Moreover, the results of the ERGM demonstrate that homophily between countries determines student exchange patterns. The most relevant ties exist between bordering countries. Moreover, membership in the Bologna Process impacts mobility patterns, but surprisingly, it has a mitigating effect.In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir den Einfluss der Mitgliedschaft im Bolognaprozess auf Muster internationaler MobilitĂ€t von Studierenden. Über eine Periode von 10 Jahren (2000 bis 2010) wird der internationale Austausch von Studierenden sowohl fĂŒr LĂ€nder analysiert, die sich dem Bolognaprozess verpflichtet haben, als auch fĂŒr LĂ€nder, bei denen dies zum jeweiligen Zeitpunkt (noch) nicht der Fall war. Wir bilden die internationale Verflechtung von 41 LĂ€ndern als Netzwerke ab, die aufgrund von Strömen von Studierenden entstehen. Im ersten Schritt stellen wir die Verflechtungen grafisch dar und beschreiben die VerĂ€nderung des Netzwerkes ĂŒber die Zeit. Sodann schĂ€tzen wir Exponentielle Zufallsgraphenmodelle (p*) und testen, welche Faktoren die Verflechtung bestimmen. In den empirischen Analysen zeigt sich, dass das untersuchte Netzwerk vergleichsweise stabil ist. Im Zentrum des Netzwerkes stehen die LĂ€nder USA, Frankreich, Großbritannien und Deutschland. Dies sind die hĂ€ufigsten Ziele der studentischen MobilitĂ€t. Die Ergebnisse weisen zudem darauf hin, dass sich die MobilitĂ€t eher zwischen LĂ€ndern mit Ă€hnlichem ökonomischen Leistungsniveau abspielt. Den stĂ€rksten Effekt weist die gemeinsame Grenze auf, d.h. die rĂ€umliche NĂ€he in Form von direkter Nachbarschaft ist letztlich entscheidend. Auch die Mitgliedschaft im Bologna-Raum hat einen Einfluss, der aber interessanterweise ĂŒber die Zeit abzunehmen scheint

    Social and Economic Conditions of Student Life in Europe: Eurostudent VI 2016-2018; Synopsis of Indicators

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    Im Projekt EUROSTUDENT werden Daten zu den sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen des Studierens in Europa erhoben. Der Band prĂ€sentiert die Daten und Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Studierendenbefragung in 28 LĂ€ndern des EuropĂ€ischen Hochschulraums. Der Bericht ist die wichtigste Publikation des Projektes, das von Forschenden, Datensammelnden, Vertreter:innen nationaler Ministerien und anderen Akteuren aus ganz Europa umgesetzt wird. Der Projektbericht bereitet ein breites Informationsspektrum auf. Dazu gehören Daten zum Zugang zu höherer Bildung, zu Studienbedingungen, zur internationalen MobilitĂ€t der Studierenden, zur QualitĂ€t von StudiengĂ€ngen und zu geplanten Studienprogrammen. Mit den Ergebnissen will die Projektgruppe bildungspolitische Debatten anregen und die Basis fĂŒr kĂŒnftige Forschungsarbeit legen.The EUROSTUDENT project gathers data about the prevailing social and economic conditions for studying in Europe. The volume presents data and results from an up-to-date student survey conducted in 28 countries of the European Higher Education Area. The report is the most important publication of the project. The project has been implemented by researchers, data collectors, representatives of national ministries and other actors from across the whole of Europe. The project report processes a broad spectrum of information. This includes data on access to higher education, conditions for studying, international mobility of students, quality of courses and planned study programmes. The project group wants the results to stimulate educational-policy debate and to form the basis for future research work

    Supramolekulare Strukturen zur Lichtabsorption

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    After a definition of and an introduction into supramolecular structures strategies are developed which lead to new material properties. The specific research topics discussed in this context and with this aim include chromoionophores, molecular switches, large cavities embraced by one or more azobenzene units and macrocyclic polyenes. It is demonstrated how light absorption can be manipulated by structural variations of the host structures and of the corresponding supramolecular complexes. The discussion is extended to new dyestuffs bearing small and large cavities, the light absorption of which can be manipulated and even switched selectively by matching metal ions and organic particles (host/guest interaction)

    Kirche und Amt im Werden

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    A convenient synthesis of new macrocyclic naphthalenophanes

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    GrĂŒtzmacher H-F, Nolte G. A convenient synthesis of new macrocyclic naphthalenophanes. Chemische Berichte. 1994;127(6):1157-1162.The (1,4)naphthalenophanes 6a, 6b, 7a, and 7b were synthesized regiospecifically in two steps from the appropriate [alpha, beta]-di-1-naphthylalkanes by a Friedel-Crafts acetylation of the two naphthalene groups followed by cyclization/dimerization of the resulting diketones by a McMurray reaction. The macrocyclic naphthalenophanes 6a and 6b exist in solution as a mixture of conformers while 7a and 7b were identified as the anti isomers
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