Comunicación corta. Efecto del momento de la recolección sobre la producción y la calidad del forraje en genotipos de colza y nabo

The effects of two different harvest stages (full flowering and full podding) on forage yield and quality of ten forage rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) and three turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) cultivars were evaluated under rainfed conditions in a Mediterranean type climate at Bursa, Turkey, during the 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons. Plant height, branches per plant, leaf length and width, plant part components, and dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yield were measured. Significant differences were observed for the main effects cultivar and harvest stage on DM and protein yields. The CP content of the whole plant and vegetative parts of the Brassica genotypes decreased as plant maturity progressed. In general, turnip cultivars showed better performance in DM yield. Fall sown turnip produced 9.10 and 12.1 Mg/ha DM yield, with 15.1 and 9.10% CP concentrations, at full flowering and at podding stage, respectively. Significant differences were noted among cultivars for these two parameters. Protein content decreased dramatically in stem parts when maturity advanced from full flower to full pod stages. High leaf percentage and high protein content at full flowering suggest that this should be the preferred forage harvest stage for rape and turnip cultivars.Se evaluaron los efectos de dos momentos diferentes de la recolección (en flor o vaina completada) sobre la producción y calidad del forraje en 10 cultivares forrajeros de nabo (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) y tres de colza (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) en Bursa, Turquía, una zona de clima mediterráneo con precipitaciones, durante las campañas 2002/2003 y 2003/2004. Se midió la altura de las plantas, ramas por planta, longitud y anchura de hoja, componentes de partes de las plantas, y producción de materia seca (MS) y proteínas crudas (PC). Se observaros diferencias significativas para los principales efectos cultivar y momento de la recolección sobre el rendimiento en MS y PC. El contenido en PC de la planta completa y partes vegetativas de los genotipos de Brassica estudiados disminuyeron al avanzar la maduración de la planta. En general, los cultivares de nabo dieron mejor producción de MS. Nabos sembrados en otoño produjeron 9,10 y 12,1 Mg/ha de MS, con concentraciones de PC de 15,1 y 9,10%, en los momentos de flor o vaina completas, respectivamente. Para estos dos parámetros se observaron diferencias significativas entre cultivares. El contenido en proteínas disminuyó dramáticamente en partes del tallo cuando la planta pasó del estado de flor completa a vaina completa. La detección de un alto porcentaje de hojas y de contenido en proteínas en cultivares de colza y nabo en el estadío de flores completas sugieren que éste debe ser el momento preferido para la recolección

Influencia de las interacciones del genotipo y ubicación sobre el aceite, los ácidos grasos y las propiedades agronómicas del maní

An enhanced adaptation to specific environmental conditions could provide higher seed quality and quantity from groundnuts. In this investigation, nine groundnut genotypes and two controls were evaluated for morphological and oil traits in two different Mediterranean locations. The traits of shelling percentage and pod yield indicated significant differences among the genotypes. The highest pod yield was observed for ACG 154 from the subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea and ACG 107 from the subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris in the locations of Adana and Antalya, respectively. The genotype ACG 154 also had about 60 g of 100-seed weight, which is desirable for commercial production as a Runner commercial type. Significant differences were recorded for oil yield, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids in both locations among the genotypes studied. The groundnut genotypes were further evaluated with allele-specific PCR markers for possible SNP mutations in the ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B genes for high-oleic mutants. ACG 14, ACG 154 and ACG 156 had the mutant ahFAD2A allele, while no ahFAD2B allele mutation was found. The statistical model GGE bi-plot was used to identify the ideal and representative location for each genotype according to pod yield performance. The genotypes ACG 107 and ACG 116 presented the highest oil yield and were relatively stable across locations. Therefore, they should be evaluated as candidates for cultivar releases in the two studied climatic areas. In addition, the selected desirable genotypes in this study can be used as parents in hybridization programs to develop populations for future releases.El maní, teniendo una mejor adaptación a las condiciones ambientales específicas, podría proporcionar una mayor calidad y cantidad de semillas. En esta investigación, nueve genotipos de cacahuete y dos controles procedentes de dos lugares diferentes del Mediterráneo se evaluaron en relación a las características morfológicas y al aceite. Los rasgos de porcentajes de descascarillado y la producción de la vaina indicaron diferencias significativas entre genotipos así como del rendimiento de la vaina. El rendimiento de vaina más alto se observó en ACG 154 a partir de la subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea y ACG 107 de subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris en las ubicaciones de Adana y Antalya, respectivamente. El genotipo ACG 154 también tenía aproximadamente 60 por ciento en peso de semilla que es un valor deseable para la producción comercial un mercado tipo. Se registraron diferencias significativas para el rendimiento de aceite, para los ácidos palmítico, oleico y linoleico en ambos lugares entre los genotipos. Se evaluaron además, los marcadores de PCR específicos de alelo para posibles mutaciones de SNP en genes ahFAD2A y ahFAD2B para mutantes de alto contenido de ácido oleico. ACG 14, ACG 154 y ACG 156 tenían el alelo ahFAD2A mutante mientras que no había mutación del alelo ahFAD2B. El modelo estadístico GGE biplot se utilizó para identificar la ubicación ideal y representativa para cada genotipo en el rendimiento de la cápsula. Los genotipos, ACG 107 y ACG 116, tuvieron mayor rendimiento de aceite y eran relativamente estables en todas las ubicaciones, por lo que deberían evaluarse como candidatos para extender los cultivares en las dos áreas climáticas estudiadas. Además, los genotipos deseables seleccionados en este estudio se pueden utilizar como padres en programas de hibridación para desarrollar poblaciones para futuras liberaciones

Cinética de oxidación del aceite de avellana tratado con ozono

The present study investigates the oxidation kinetics of hazelnut oil ozonated in different treatment periods (1, 5, 60 and 180 min). The kinetic rate constant (k) was taken as the inverse of oxidation onset time (To) observing a linear relationship from the plot of lnTo to isothermal temperatures (373, 383, 393, and 403 K) carried out at differential scanning calorimetry. Kinetic parameters, activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH‡) and entropy (ΔS‡) were calculated based on the Arrhenius equation and activated complex theory. k values showed an exponential rise with the increase of ozone treatment time. The increase in k correlated well with the increase in the peroxide and free fatty acid values of all samples. Ea and ∆H‡ of the ozone treated oils showed a reducing trend and reflected an increased oxidation sensitivity after ozone treatment. Consistently, an increase in ∆S‡ indicated a faster oxidation reaction with an increase in ozone exposure time. However, no significant difference was observed in k, Ea, ΔH‡, ΔS‡ (p < 0.05) as a function of storage period, after the hazelnut oil was treated with ozone for 1 min.El presente estudio investiga la cinética de oxidación del aceite de avellana ozonizado durante diferentes períodos (1, 5, 60 y 180 min). La constante de velocidad cinética (k) se tomó como la inversa del tiempo de inicio de la oxidación (To) observando una relación lineal cuando se representa el lnTo con las temperaturas isotérmicas (373, 383, 393 y 403 K) llevadas a cabo en calorimetría de barrido diferencial. Los parámetros cinéticos, energía de activación (Ea), entalpía de activación (ΔH‡) y entropía (ΔS‡) se calcularon sobre la base de la ecuación de Arrhenius y de la teoría compleja activada. Los valores de k mostraron un aumento exponencial con el aumento del tiempo de tratamiento de ozono. El aumento de k se correlacionó bien con el aumento de peróxidos y de los ácidos grasos libres de todas las muestras. Ea y ΔH‡ de los aceites tratados con ozono mostraron una tendencia reductora que refleja una mayor sensibilidad a la oxidación de los aceites después del tratamiento con ozono. Consistentemente, un aumento de ΔS‡ indicó una reacción de oxidación más rápida con un aumento del tiempo de exposición al ozono. Sin embargo, no se observó diferencia significativa en k, Ea, ΔH‡, ΔS‡ (p < 0.05) en función del período de almacenamiento, después de que el aceite de avellana fue tratado con ozono durante 1 min

Preparation of Ion Imprinted SPR Sensor for Real-Time Detection of Silver(I) Ion from Aqueous Solution

The aim of the submitted study is to develop molecular imprinting based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for real-time silver ion detection. For this purpose polymeric nanofilm layer on the gold SPR chip surface was prepared via UV polymerization of acrylic acid at 395 nm for 30 minutes. N-methacryloyl- L cysteine used as the functional monomer to recognize the silver(I) ions from the aqueous solutions and methylene bisacrylamide used as the crosslinker for obtaining structural rigidity of the formed cavities. Silver(I) solutions with different concentrations were applied to SPR system to investigate the efficiency of the imprinted SPR sensor in real time. For the control experiments, non-imprinted SPR sensor was also prepared as described above without addition of template “silver(I) ions”. Prepared SPR sensors were characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM). In order to show the selectivity of the silver(I) imprinted SPR sensor, competitive adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II) ions was investigated. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3489

Lights, Camera, Action! Exploring Effects of Visual Distractions on Completion of Security Tasks

Human errors in performing security-critical tasks are typically blamed on the complexity of those tasks. However, such errors can also occur because of (possibly unexpected) sensory distractions. A sensory distraction that produces negative effects can be abused by the adversary that controls the environment. Meanwhile, a distraction with positive effects can be artificially introduced to improve user performance. The goal of this work is to explore the effects of visual stimuli on the performance of security-critical tasks. To this end, we experimented with a large number of subjects who were exposed to a range of unexpected visual stimuli while attempting to perform Bluetooth Pairing. Our results clearly demonstrate substantially increased task completion times and markedly lower task success rates. These negative effects are noteworthy, especially, when contrasted with prior results on audio distractions which had positive effects on performance of similar tasks. Experiments were conducted in a novel (fully automated and completely unattended) experimental environment. This yielded more uniform experiments, better scalability and significantly lower financial and logistical burdens. We discuss this experience, including benefits and limitations of the unattended automated experiment paradigm

Molecular diagnosis to identify new sources of resistance to sclerotinia blight in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Sclerotinia blight, caused by soil-borne fungus Sclerotinia minor Jagger, is one of the destructive diseases in groundnut. Pathogen affected plants usually displays lesions, wilt and collapse which cause high yield losses. Traditional field screening is time and resources consuming. Molecular markers associated with resistance genes offer an alternative selection technique which is relatively easy, more definite and not influenced by environmental fluctuations. In the present investigation, a marker-assisted diagnosis was done to screen 256 diverse germplasm for the presence or absence of SSR markers reported resistance or susceptibility to sclerotinia blight. One hundred and forty two genotypes from different botanical varieties were recognized as new potential sources of resistance to sclerotinia blight for field evaluation. The banding pattern related to the disease resistance is observed at high frequency in the variety vulgaris (39.4 %) and less distributed in the varieties fastigiata (38.0 %) and hypogaea (19.7 %) among the resistant genotypes in the collection. These genotypes had same banding pattern as reported for resistance germplasm. This work reports the successful application of marker-assisted diagnosis as a tool to identify resistance to sclerotinia blight in diverse collections

Identification of rust resistance in groundnut using a validated SSR marker

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop cultivated in over 100 countries in the world. The rust disease of groundnut, caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg., can cause significant yield losses in tropical and subtropical areas. The disease affects not only seed yield but also fodder yield and quality. There are chemicals available to control rust; however, the development of resistant varieties is the most reasonable way to improve yield and quality, and to reduce the adverse effects of chemicals on the ecosystem. Characterization of germplasm diversity to identify resistant sources using traditional methods is a lengthy process and requires laborious field testing. Molecular marker-aided selection offers an alternative breeding method that is relatively easy, precise, and not affected by environmental fluctuation. In the present study, a validated SSR marker, GM1954, linked to the rust disease resistance gene was used for 256 groundnut genotypes to select rust resistance. This study reports the successful application of marker-assisted selection for further rust-resistant breeding programs in groundnut. Molecular analyses revealed that the banding pattern related to disease resistance was observed at high frequency in the variety hypogaea among the nine identified resistant genotypes in the collection. Approximately 3 % of the collection was selected for further field, greenhouse, and hybridization experiments