A Plan of Farm Organization for Hill Land Farms in Southeastern Ohio

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Social interactions in massively multiplayer online role-playing gamers

To date, most research into massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) has examined the demographics of play. This study explored the social interactions that occur both within and outside of MMORPGs. The sample consisted of 912 self-selected MMORPG players from 45 countries. MMORPGs were found to be highly socially interactive environments providing the opportunity to create strong friendships and emotional relationships. The study demonstrated that the social interactions in online gaming form a considerable element in the enjoyment of playing. The study showed MMORPGs can be extremely social games, with high percentages of gamers making life-long friends and partners. It was concluded that virtual gaming may allow players to express themselves in ways they may not feel comfortable doing in real life because of their appearance, gender, sexuality, and/or age. MMORPGs also offer a place where teamwork, encouragement, and fun can be experienced

Parental divorce among young and adult children: a long-term quantitative analysis of mental health and family solidarity

Journal ArticleIn 2008, it was estimated that 40 percent of all marriages ended in divorce (U.S. Census, 2004) . Research has long suggested that the consequences of divorce can be profound for the children of divorced families (Amato, 2000). For example, children who experienced parental divorce were 50 percent more likely to develop health problems than children from intact two parent families (Angel, 1988; Tucker et al., 1997; Strohschei 2005). Similarly, children from divorced families also exhibit poorer academic performance (Astone & McLanahan, 1991; Wolfinger, 2003), delayed psychological development (Kurdek, Fine, & Sinclair,1994), strained relationships with family members (Hurre, 2006; Portman 2009), and poorer mental health (Ängarne-Lindberg, 2009). Some research has focused on the consequences of parental divorce as immediate or short-term consequences that are faced by the children - this is often referred to as a "crisis model"- whereas other research has documented the long-term effects of divorce - this is often referred to as the "chronic strain" model-, those consequences that persist for many years after parental divorce (Amato, 2000). Furthermore, scant research has attempted to isolate the potentially differential experiences of adult children (those who experience parental divorce as adults) compared to those who experience parental divorce earlier in the life course. About 20 percent of divorces occur in couples married over 15 years (Cooney, 1994), suggesting that parental divorce is not isolated to young children only. The purpose of this analysis is to identify whether children exhibited different types of consequences based on the age at which their parents divorced. Specifically, we explore whether the timing of parental divorce has long-term consequences on two distinct outcomes: the child's perceptions of family-solidarity and their mental health status later in life. These two outcomes were chosen because they represent a range of consequences involving both personal mental health and subsequent relationships with family

Dynamics of isolated magnetic bright points derived from Hinode/SOT G-band observations

Small-scale magnetic fields in the solar photosphere can be identified in high-resolution magnetograms or in the G-band as magnetic bright points (MBPs). Rapid motions of these fields can cause magneto-hydrodynamical waves and can also lead to nanoflares by magnetic field braiding and twisting. The MBP velocity distribution is a crucial parameter for estimating the amplitudes of those waves and the amount of energy they can contribute to coronal heating. The velocity and lifetime distributions of MBPs are derived from solar G-band images of a quiet sun region acquired by the Hinode/SOT instrument with different temporal and spatial sampling rates. We developed an automatic segmentation, identification and tracking algorithm to analyse G-Band image sequences to obtain the lifetime and velocity distributions of MBPs. The influence of temporal/spatial sampling rates on these distributions is studied and used to correct the obtained lifetimes and velocity distributions for these digitalisation effects. After the correction of algorithm effects, we obtained a mean MBP lifetime of (2.50 +- 0.05) min and mean MBP velocities, depending on smoothing processes, in the range of (1 - 2) km/s. Corrected for temporal sampling effects, we obtained for the effective velocity distribution a Rayleigh function with a coefficient of (1.62 +- 0.05) km/s. The x- and y- components of the velocity distributions are Gaussians. The lifetime distribution can be fitted by an exponential function.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics (in press

The size distribution of magnetic bright points derived from Hinode/SOT observations

Context. Magnetic Bright Points (MBPs) are small-scale magnetic features in the solar photosphere. They may be a possible source of coronal heating by rapid footpoint motions that cause magnetohydrodynamical waves. The number and size distribution are of vital importance in estimating the small scale-magnetic-field energy. Aims. The size distribution of MBPs is derived for G-band images acquired by the Hinode/SOT instrument. Methods. For identification purposes, a new automated segmentation and identification algorithm was developed. Results. For a sampling of 0.108 arcsec/pixel, we derived a mean diameter of (218 +- 48) km for the MBPs. For the full resolved data set with a sampling of 0.054 arcsec/pixel, the size distribution shifted to a mean diameter of (166 +- 31) km. The determined diameters are consistent with earlier published values. The shift is most probably due to the different spatial sampling. Conclusions. We conclude that the smallest magnetic elements in the solar photosphere cannot yet be resolved by G-band observations. The influence of discretisation effects (sampling) has also not yet been investigated sufficiently.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 498, Issue 1, 2009, pp.289-29

Fractal Dimension Analysis of Solar Granulation- Boxcounting dimension

The fractal dimension of high resolution Hinode solar granulation observations and numerical simulations is studied and the results are compared. These observations are not influenced by atmospheric seeing conditions and therefore allow a more realistic estimate of the fractal dimension than in previous works. Though arriving at similar results for observations and simulation data, non integer fractal dimension $<2$, some differences in the numerical values occur, and these are discussed