Qualitative assessment of the medieval fortifications condition with the use of remote sensing data (Republic of Tatarstan)

© 2017 SPIE. Archaeological monuments are an essential part of the cultural landscape. According to UNESCO directive, the "cultural landscape" is understood not simply as a result of joint creativity of man and nature, but as a purposefully formed natural and cultural territorial complex, which has structural, functional integrity, developing in specific physical and geographical, cultural and historical conditions. This article discusses the modern condition of the archaeological monuments of the Republic of Tatarstan, as a manmade part of the cultural landscape. Fortified settlements, with the system of defensive fortifications, were selected as the objects of study, as they are easily identified by remote sensing data. Identification and evaluation of monuments destruction risks is a priority in the study of medieval settlements. Due to the fact, that most of monuments is located on the small rivers banks, the first task of our study was to assess the risk of their destruction by natural processes. The second objective was to evaluate the role of the human factor in archaeological sites destruction. One of the main used methods is archival and modern remote sensing data analysis that also made able to correct the form of study settlements in comparison with existing plans, as well their size and location in the landscape. The results of research will help to identify trends in the monuments state and quantify the risks of their destruction

Correspondence between the XXZ model in roots of unity and the one-dimensional quantum Ising chain with different boundary conditions

We consider the integrable XXZ model with special open boundary conditions that renders its Hamiltonian ${SU(2)}_q$ symmetric, and the one-dimensional quantum Ising model with four different boundary conditions. We show that for each boundary condition the Ising quantum chain is exactly given by the Minimal Model of integrable lattice theory $LM(3, 4)$. This last theory is obtained as the result of the quantum group reduction of the XXZ model at anisotropy $\Delta=(q + q^{-1})/2=\sqrt{2}/2$, with a number of sites in the latter defined by the type of boundary conditions.Comment: 23 pages,LaTeX,3 tables,corrected some typo

Impact of Space Weather on Climate and Habitability of Terrestrial Type Exoplanets

The current progress in the detection of terrestrial type exoplanets has opened a new avenue in the characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres and in the search for biosignatures of life with the upcoming ground-based and space missions. To specify the conditions favorable for the origin, development and sustainment of life as we know it in other worlds, we need to understand the nature of astrospheric, atmospheric and surface environments of exoplanets in habitable zones around G-K-M dwarfs including our young Sun. Global environment is formed by propagated disturbances from the planet-hosting stars in the form of stellar flares, coronal mass ejections, energetic particles, and winds collectively known as astrospheric space weather. Its characterization will help in understanding how an exoplanetary ecosystem interacts with its host star, as well as in the specification of the physical, chemical and biochemical conditions that can create favorable and/or detrimental conditions for planetary climate and habitability along with evolution of planetary internal dynamics over geological timescales. A key linkage of (astro) physical, chemical, and geological processes can only be understood in the framework of interdisciplinary studies with the incorporation of progress in heliophysics, astrophysics, planetary and Earth sciences. The assessment of the impacts of host stars on the climate and habitability of terrestrial (exo)planets will significantly expand the current definition of the habitable zone to the biogenic zone and provide new observational strategies for searching for signatures of life. The major goal of this paper is to describe and discuss the current status and recent progress in this interdisciplinary field and to provide a new roadmap for the future development of the emerging field of exoplanetary science and astrobiology.Comment: 206 pages, 24 figures, 1 table; Review paper. International Journal of Astrobiology (2019

Barriers to Effective Interaction of Russian Universities and Companies

В настоящее время во всех странах мира университеты становятся драйверами развития высоких технологий и бизнеса. Помимо решения традиционных задач создания новых знаний и формирования компетенций университеты играют значимую роль в развитии инновационных экосистем и предпринимательства. В России, однако, взаимоотношения университетов и бизнеса формируются не столь быстрыми темпами, как в странах с развитыми экономиками, поэтому в данной исследовательской статье с помощью качественных интервью и анализа кейса выявляются и обсуждаются барьеры на пути эффективного сотрудничества этих высших учебных заведений и бизнеса в России. Информационная база исследования состоит из экспертных интервью с представителями вузов и бизнеса и кейса взаимодействия компании ПАО «ЛУКОЙЛ» с университетами. Результаты исследования показали, что взаимодействию между университетами и предприятиями мешают несколько барьеров, коренящихся в рассогласованности ожиданий обеих сторон от взаимного сотрудничества, и позволили выявить перспективные направления развития последнего.Today universities become drivers of technology and business development all over the world. Besides fulfilling traditional tasks of creating new knowledge and competence, higher education institutions play a significant role in developing innovative ecosystems and entrepreneurship. In Russia, however, the interaction of universities and business is forming not as quickly as in developed economies. This article uses qualitative interviews and case analysis to identify and discuss the barriers to effective university-enterprise interaction in Russia. The research is based on expert interviews with representatives of universities and businesses, as well as on the case study of PJSC «LUKOIL» and HEIs interaction. The study showed that the development of university-enterprise interaction meets several barriers rooted in the mismatch of both sides’ expectations of each other. The results of the research also show promising directions for university-business cooperation in Russia

УМЕНЬШЕНИЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ РАДИАЦИОННОГО ФАКТОРА НА ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ СТЕПЕНЬЮ РИСКА

The article is devoted to the modern problems of radioecology. The study reveals the problems of radioecological situation in some regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main attention of the authors is paid to the ecologically hazardous objects in the uranium mining industry. The characteristics of wastes from uranium mining and stages of development of the mining industry are described. The historical background of the accumulation of the wastes in dumps, the ore-bearing rocks, and other off-balance ores is given. The practical experience and directions radio-ecological safety are generalized, achieving improvements of the environmental quality in areas with high risk. In conclusion, the authors recommend carrying out some measures to reduce an impact of the radiation factor on human health and to stabilize the radioecological situation at the studied regions.Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день проблеме радиоэкологии. В материалах раскрываются проблемы радиоэкологической обстановки в отдельных регионах Республики Узбекистан. Основное внимание в работе авторы акцентируют на радиационно и экологически опасных объектах урандобывающей промышленности. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности образования отходов добычи урановых руд и этапы развития горнорудной промышленности. Приводится историческая справка накопления отходов в отвалах рудовмещающих пород и забалансовых руд и пр. Обобщаются практический опыт и направления радиоэкологической безопасности, достижения улучшения качества окружающей среды на территориях с повышенной степенью риска. В заключение авторы рекомендуют проведение мероприятий по уменьшению воздействия на организм человека радиационного фактора и стабилизации радиоэкологической системы

Assessing the quality of models of the ambient solar wind

In this paper we present an assessment of the status of models of the global Solar Wind in the inner heliosphere. We limit our discussion to the class of models designed to provide solar wind forecasts, excluding those designed for the purpose of testing physical processes in idealized configurations. In addition, we limit our discussion to modeling of the ‘ambient’ wind in the absence of coronal mass ejections. In this assessment we cover use of the models both in forecast mode and as tools for scientific research. We present a brief history of the development of these models, discussing the range of physical approximations in use. We discuss the limitations of the data inputs available to these models and its impact on their quality. We also discuss current model development trends

Magnetic Field Line Random Walk and Solar Energetic Particle Path Lengths: Stochastic Theory and PSP/ISoIS Observation

Context:In 2020 May-June, six solar energetic ion events were observed by the Parker Solar Probe/ISoIS instrument suite at 0.35 AU from the Sun. From standard velocity-dispersion analysis, the apparent ion path length is 0.625 AU at the onset of each event. Aims:We develop a formalism for estimating the path length of random-walking magnetic field lines, to explain why the apparent ion pathlength at event onset greatly exceeds the radial distance from the Sun for these events. Methods:We developed analytical estimates of the average increase in pathlength of random-walking magnetic field lines, relative to the unperturbed mean field. Monte Carlo simulations of fieldline and particle trajectories in a model of solar wind turbulence are used to validate the formalism and study the path lengths of particle guiding-center and full-orbital trajectories. The formalism is implemented in a global solar wind model, and results are compared with ion pathlengths inferred from ISoIS observations. Results:Both a simple estimate and a rigorous theoretical formulation are obtained for fieldlines' pathlength increase as a function of pathlength along the large-scale field. From simulated fieldline and particle trajectories, we find that particle guiding centers can have pathlengths somewhat shorter than the average fieldline pathlength, while particle orbits can have substantially larger pathlengths due to their gyromotion with a nonzero effective pitch angle. Conclusions:The long apparent path length during these solar energetic ion events can be explained by 1) a magnetic field line path length increase due to the field line random walk, and 2) particle transport about the guiding center with a nonzero effective pitch angle. Our formalism for computing the magnetic field line path length, accounting for turbulent fluctuations, may be useful for application to solar particle transport in general