Biomedical applications of Jones-matrix tomography to polycrystalline films of biological fluids

Algorithms for reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence-dichroism of optically thin anisotropic biological layers are presented. The technique of Jones-matrix tomography of polycrystalline films of biological fluids of various human organs has been developed and experimentally tested. The coordinate distributions of phase and amplitude anisotropy of bile films and synovial fluid taken from the knee joint are determined and statistically analyzed. Criteria (statistical moments of 3rd and 4th orders) of differential diagnostics of early stages of cholelithiasis and septic arthritis of the knee joint with excellent balanced accuracy were determined. Data on the diagnostic efficiency of the Jones-matrix tomography method for polycrystalline plasma (liver disease), urine (albuminuria) and cytological smears (cervical cancer) are presented

Relationship of the phase and amplitude parameters with anisotropy of Muller-matrix invariants

A new azimuthally stable polarimetric method for processing of microscopic images of optically anisotropic structures of different biological layers histological sections is proposed. A new model of phase anisotropy definition of biological tissues by using superposition of Mueller matrices of linear birefringence and optical activity is proposed. The matrix element M44 has been chosen as the main information parameter, which value is independent of rotation angle of both sample and probing beam polarization plane

Polarization-correlation optical microscopy of anisotropic biological layers

The theoretical background of azimuthally stable method of Jones-matrix mapping of histological sections of biopsy of myocardium tissue on the basis of spatial frequency selection of the mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence is presented. The diagnostic application of a new correlation parameter - complex degree of mutual anisotropy - is analytically substantiated. The method of measuring coordinate distributions of complex degree of mutual anisotropy with further spatial filtration of their high- and low-frequency components is developed. The interconnections of such distributions with parameters of linear and circular birefringence of myocardium tissue histological sections are found. The comparative results of measuring the coordinate distributions of complex degree of mutual anisotropy formed by fibrillar networks of myosin fibrils of myocardium tissue of different necrotic states - dead due to coronary heart disease and acute coronary insufficiency are shown. The values and ranges of change of the statistical (moments of the 1st - 4th order) parameters of complex degree of mutual anisotropy coordinate distributions are studied. The objective criteria of differentiation of cause of death are determined

Mapping of polycrystalline films of biological fluids utilizing the Jones-matrix formalism

Utilizing a polarized light approach, we reconstruct the spatial distribution of birefringence and optical activity in polycrystalline films of biological fluids. The Jones-matrix formalism is used for an accessible quantitative description of these types of optical anisotropy. We demonstrate that differentiation of polycrystalline films of biological fluids can be performed based on a statistical analysis of the distribution of rotation angles and phase shifts associated with the optical activity and birefringence, respectively. Finally, practical operational characteristics, such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the Jones-matrix reconstruction of optical anisotropy, were identified with special emphasis on biomedical application, specifically for differentiation of bile films taken from healthy donors and from patients with cholelithiasis

Stokes-correlometry analysis of biological tissues with polycrystalline structure

Utilizing Stokes-correlometry analysis a new diagnostic approach has been introduced for quantitative assessment of polarization images of histological sections of optically anisotropic biological tissues with different morphological structures and physiological conditions. The developed approach is based on the quantitative assessment of coordinate and phase distributions of the Stokes vector of scattered light. A combined use of statistic, correlation, and fractal analysis is used for resolving variations in optical anisotropy of biological samples. The proposed combined application of the statistical, correlation, and fractal-based evaluates of spatial distributions of `single-point' polarization azimuth, ellipticity, and `two-point' Stokes vector parameters of polarization images of biological tissues histological sections demonstrates a high accuracy (Ac ≥ 90%) in monitoring of optical anisotropy variations within biological tissues

Методи і засоби азимутально-інваріантної мюллер-матричної поляриметрії оптично-анізотропних біологічних шарів

Актуальність. Серед багаточисельних методів поляриметричного дослідження структури біологічних тканин особливе місце займає Мюллер-матрична поляриметрія (ММП). Даний метод дає виключно повну інформацію про поляризаційні прояви оптичних властивостей полікристалічної структури біологічних тканин різноманітних органів людини. Новим кроком у розвитку даної методики стало координатне картографування розподілів величини матричних елементів – Мюллер-матричних зображень (ММЗ). Проте, практичне застосування Мюллер-матричного методу у рутинній лабораторній практиці обмежено. Величина 12 із 16 елементів матриці Мюллера є залежною від повороту зразку відносно напряму опромінення. Тому актуальним є подальший розвиток та узагальнення методик ММП з використанням координатних розподілів набору Мюллер-матричних інваріантів (ММІ) – азимутально незалежних елементів матриці Мюллера, їхніх комбінацій, матричних векторів та кутів між ними. Мета роботи. Робота спрямована на теоретичне обґрунтування та експериментальну розробку метода азимутально-інваріантної поляриметрії частково-деполяризуючих оптично-анізотропних біологічних шарів на основі координатного Мюллер-матричного картографування гістологічних зрізів для диференціальної діагностики змін оптичної анізотропії, які пов’язані з виникненням патологічних станів. Результати. Запропоновано та обґрунтовано метод азимутально-інваріантного Мюллер-матричного картографування на прикладі оптично анізотропних зразків гістологічних зрізів міокарда. Одержано розподіли величини азимутально-інваріантного матричного елементу, суперпозиції матричних елементів та величини матричного вектору. Висновки. Визначено залежності величин статистичних моментів 1-го – 4-го порядків, які характеризують розподіли величин Мюллер-матричних інваріантів (ММІ) гістологічних зрізів міокарда. Проведено з позицій доказової медицини дослідження можливостей диференціації причини настання смерті внаслідок ішемічної хвороби серця (ІХС) та гострої коронарної недостатності (ГКН)

Mueller-matrix imaging polarimetry elevated by wavelet decomposition and polarization-singular processing for analysis of specific cancerous tissue pathology

Significance Mueller-matrix polarimetry is a powerful method allowing for the visualization of malformations in biological tissues and quantitative evaluation of alterations associated with the progression of various diseases. This approach, in fact, is limited in observation of spatial localization and scale-selective changes in the poly-crystalline compound of tissue samples. Aim We aimed to improve the Mueller-matrix polarimetry approach by implementing the wavelet decomposition accompanied with the polarization-singular processing for express differential diagnosis of local changes in the poly-crystalline structure of tissue samples with various pathology. Approach Mueller-matrix maps obtained experimentally in transmitted mode are processed utilizing a combination of a topological singular polarization approach and scale-selective wavelet analysis for quantitative assessment of the adenoma and carcinoma histological sections of the prostate tissues. Results A relationship between the characteristic values of the Mueller-matrix elements and singular states of linear and circular polarization is established within the framework of the phase anisotropy phenomenological model in terms of linear birefringence. A robust method for expedited (up to ∼15 min) polarimetric-based differential diagnosis of local variations in the poly-crystalline structure of tissue samples containing various pathology abnormalities is introduced. Conclusions The benign and malignant states of the prostate tissue are identified and assessed quantitatively with a superior accuracy provided by the developed Mueller-matrix polarimetry approach

Embossed topographic depolarisation maps of biological tissues with different morphological structures

Layered topographic maps of the depolarisation due to diffuse biological tissues are produced using a polarisation-holographic Mueller matrix method approach. Histological sections of myocardial tissue with a spatially structured optically anisotropic fibrillar network, and parenchymal liver tissue with a polycrystalline island structure are successfully mapped. The topography of the myocardium maps relates to the scattering multiplicity within the volume and the specific morphological structures of the biological crystallite networks. The overall depolarisation map is a convolution of the effects of these two factors. Parenchymal liver tissues behave broadly similarly, but the different biological structures present cause the degree of scattering multiplicity to increase more rapidly with increasing phase. Through statistical analysis, the dependences of the magnitudes of the first to fourth order statistical moments are determined. These moments characterise the changing distributions of the depolarisation values through the volume of biological tissues with different morphological structures. Parenchymal liver tissue depolarisation maps are characterised by larger mean and variance, and less skewness and kurtosis, compared to the distributions for the myocardium. This work demonstrates that a polarisation-holographic Mueller matrix method can be applied to the assessment of the 3D morphology of biological tissues, with applications in disease diagnosis

Differential Mueller matrix imaging of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues

Since recently, a number of innovative polarization-based optical imaging modalities have been introduced and extensively used in various biomedical applications, with an ultimate aim to attain the practical tool for the optical biopsy and functional characterization of biological tissues. The techniques utilize polarization properties of light and Mueller matrix mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues or polycrystalline films of biological fluids. The main drawback of currently developed laser polarimetry approaches and Mueller matrix mapping techniques is poor reproducibility of experimental data. This is due to azimuthal dependence of polarization and ellipticity values of most matrix elements to sample orientation in respect to incidence light polarization. Current study aims to generalize the methods of laser polarimetry for diagnosis of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues. A method of differential Mueller matrix mapping for reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameter distributions of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structure is introduced and practically implemented. The coordinate distributions of the value of the first-order differential matrix elements of histological sections of brain tissue with spatially structured, optically anisotropic fibrillar network, as well as of parenchymatous tissue of the rectum wall with an “islet” polycrystalline structure are determined. Within the statistical analysis of polarization reproduced distributions of the averaged parameters of phase and amplitude anisotropy, the significant sensitivity of the statistical moments of the third and fourth orders to changes in the polycrystalline structure of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissue is observed. The differentiation of female reproductive sphere connective tissue is realized with excellent accuracy. The differential Mueller matrix mapping method for reconstruction of distributions of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameters of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structures is proposed and substantiated. Differential diagnostics of changes in the phase (good balanced accuracy) and amplitude (excellent balanced accuracy) of the anisotropy of the partially depolarizing layers of the vagina wall tissue with prolapse of the genitals is realized. The maximum diagnostic efficiency of the first-order differential matrix method was demonstrated in comparison with the traditional methods of polarization and Mueller matrix mapping of histological sections of light-scattering biological tissues