Types of Resources Emerging Trends

The Paper examines in brief the various resources being used from ancient to the Modern age, where information technology is influencing our every days life. An attempt has been made to compare the conventional book with that of e-book which is of recent origin

Computer Aided Teaching Packages

Having recognized the importance of education and the teaching methodology, which plays a vital role, in the teaching-learning process in the modern electronic age, an attempt has been made in this paper to explore some of the important electronic resources, which aid in the teaching-learning process

Electronic Resources in Health Care

Health is the prime desire of man and history records the efforts of men and nations to healthy status. In recent years unprecedented growth has occurred in the business of providing health and medical care to our populations. Under such circumstances information technology has emerged as boon to provide health care information in CD-ROMs, in the form of virtual libraries, Internet, etc

Ferron as an Analytical Reagent for Extractive Separation of Molybdenum

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Creatine kinase/α-crystallin interaction functions in cataract development

Creatine kinase (CK) is an energy storage enzyme that plays an important role in energy metabolism. CK/phosphocreatine functions as an energy buffer and links ATP production sites with ATP utilization sites. Several key mutations in the αA-crystallin

Creatine kinase/α-crystallin interaction functions in cataract development

Creatine kinase (CK) is an energy storage enzyme that plays an important role in energy metabolism. CK/phosphocreatine functions as an energy buffer and links ATP production sites with ATP utilization sites. Several key mutations in the αA-crystallin

Epidural Ropivacaine with Fentanyl Versus Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine: A Comparative Prospective Randomized Control Study in Lower Abdominal Surgeries

BACKGROUND: Neuraxial regional anaesthesia is the anaesthesia of choice for the patients undergoing surgeries below the umbilical region. Epidural block has the advantage of extending analgesia to the post operative period and has better hemodynamic profile. Adjuvants added to the local anaesthetics reduces the dose of the local anaesthetics and at the same time maintains or prolongs the duration of the desired effects of sensory and motor block. It also avoids the side effects of the adjuvants when alone administered intravenously. Several adjuvants have been tried and compared, the most common one includes adrenaline and opioids. Fentanyl is the synthetic lipophilic, opioid that is been used for a long time as an adjuvant. On the other side, dexmedetomidine is a recently emerging α2 agonist as an adjuvant to epidural local anaesthetics. METHODS: In this study we compared the adjuvants fentanyl and dexmedetomidine when administered with ropivacaine for epidural anaesthesia for infra umbilical surgeries in ASA I and II patients. A total of 120 patients were randomly allocated into two groups with Group I: Patients receiving 0.75% Ropivacaine 18ml with fentanyl 25μg (0.25 ml) and Group II: Patients receiving 0.75% Ropivacaine 18ml with Dexmedetomidine 50 μg (0.5 ml). RESULTS: Time of onset of the sensory block to T10 was earlier in the dexmedetomidine ropivacaine (10.72 ± 2.681minutes) group than with fentanyl ropivacaine group (12.47±1.961minutes). Time taken to achieve the maximum sensory block was earlier in the dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group (15.88± 3.494 minutes) than with fentanyl ropivacaine group (18.12± 3.043 minutes). Time for two segmental regression was delayed in the dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group (152.23 ±20.062 minutes) than with fentanyl ropivacaine group (135.02±13.226 minutes). Time for sensory regression to L1 was delayed in the dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group (396.00±25.475 minutes) than with fentanyl ropivacaine group (316.42±25.229 minutes). Time of onset of the pain was delayed in the dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group (396.00±25.475 minutes) than with fentanyl ropivacaine group (316.42±25.229 minutes). Time of demand for the first rescue analgesics was delayed in the dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group (409.58±20.363 minutes) than with fentanyl ropivacaine group (325.50±22.898 minutes). The time taken to achieve the maximum motor block was earlier in the dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group (23.92 ± 4.792) than with fentanyl ropivacaine group (29.17±6.255). The time for complete return of the motor block was delayed in the dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group (202.23 ± 20.016) than with fentanyl ropivacaine group (185.02±13.226). Significant fall in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure was noted in ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine group than with fentanyl ropivacaine group. Fall in pulse rate was significant in dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group than with fentanyl ropivacaine group. Sedation level was better with dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group than with fentanyl ropivacaine group. Adverse effects like hypotension, bradycardia and dry mouth was higher in dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group than with fentanyl ropivacaine group. Shivering, pruritis, nausea and vomiting was higher in the fentanyl ropivacaine group than with dexmedetomidine ropivacaine group

Alpha-crystallin mutations alter lens metabolites in mouse models of human cataracts

Cataracts are a major cause of blindness worldwide and commonly occur in individuals over 70 years old. Cataracts can also appear earlier in life due to genetic mutations. The lens proteins, αA- and αB-crystallins, are chaperone proteins that have important roles maintaining protein solubility to prevent cataract formation. Mutations in the CRYAA and CRYAB crystallin genes are associated with autosomal dominant early onset human cataracts. Although studies about the proteomic and genomic changes that occur in cataracts have been reported, metabolomics studies are very limited. Here, we directly investigated cataract metabolism using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the metabolites in adult Cryaa-R49C and Cryab-R120G knock-in mouse lenses. The most abundant metabolites were myo-inositol, L-(+)-lactic acid, cholesterol, phosphate, glycerol phosphate, palmitic and 9-octadecenoic acids, α-D-mannopyranose, and β-D-glucopyranose. Cryaa-R49C knock-in mouse lenses had a significant decrease in the number of sugars and minor sterols, which occurred in concert with an increase in lactic acid. Cholesterol composition was unchanged. In contrast, Cryab-R120G knock-in lenses exhibited increased total amino acid content including valine, alanine, serine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, and aspartic acid. Minor sterols, including cholest-7-en-3-ol and glycerol phosphate were decreased. These studies indicate that lenses from Cryaa-R49C and Cryab-R120G knock-in mice, which are models for human cataracts, have unique amino acid and metabolite profiles

Development of Lithium Dimethyl Phosphate as an Electrolyte Additive for Lithium Ion Batteries

The novel electrolyte additive lithium dimethyl phosphate (LiDMP) has been synthesized and characterized. Incorporation of LiDMP (0.1% wt) into LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) / ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (3:7 wt) results in improved rate performance and reduced impedance for graphite / LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cells. Ex-situ surface analysis of the electrodes suggests that incorporation of LiDMP results in a modification of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode. A decrease in the concentration of lithium alkyl carbonates and an increase in the concentration of lithium fluoro phosphates are observed. The change in the anode SEI structure is responsible for the increased rate performance and decreased cell impedance