Effects of post-emergent herbicides on Trichoderma harzianum, a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean cropping

Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Information is needed on the compatibility of this biocontrol agent and the post-emergent herbicides used in soybean cropping. Haloxyfop R Methyl (EC 10.4%), Glyphosate (SL 48%), Imazamox (WG 70%) and Imazethapyr (SL 10%) were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of T. harzianum on in vitro agar plates. Glyphosate (2000 ppm), Imazethapyr (500 and 250 ppm) and Haloxyfop R Methyl (1000, 500 and 100 ppm) reduced the mycelial growth of T. harzianum. Imazamox had no effect at any concentration. Subsequently, all the herbicides were assessed for their effect on soil populations of T. harzianum. Greenhouse assays conducted with non-sterile soil inoculated with T. harzianum and a specific herbicide were sampled before pesticide application and after 30 days. The number of colony forming units per gram of soil (c.f.u./g of soil) was evaluated with a soil dilution technique using Trichoderma selective medium (TSM). No detrimental effect was revealed.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Effects of post-emergent herbicides on Trichoderma harzianum, a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean cropping

Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Information is needed on the compatibility of this biocontrol agent and the post-emergent herbicides used in soybean cropping. Haloxyfop R Methyl (EC 10.4%), Glyphosate (SL 48%), Imazamox (WG 70%) and Imazethapyr (SL 10%) were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of T. harzianum on in vitro agar plates. Glyphosate (2000 ppm), Imazethapyr (500 and 250 ppm) and Haloxyfop R Methyl (1000, 500 and 100 ppm) reduced the mycelial growth of T. harzianum. Imazamox had no effect at any concentration. Subsequently, all the herbicides were assessed for their effect on soil populations of T. harzianum. Greenhouse assays conducted with non-sterile soil inoculated with T. harzianum and a specific herbicide were sampled before pesticide application and after 30 days. The number of colony forming units per gram of soil (c.f.u./g of soil) was evaluated with a soil dilution technique using Trichoderma selective medium (TSM). No detrimental effect was revealed.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

The JNK inhibitor, SP600125, potentiates the glial response and cell death induced by methamphetamine in the mouse striatum

This study investigates the effect of the selective Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) inhibitor, (SP600125) on the striatal dopamine nerve terminal loss and on the increased interleukin-15 (IL-15) expression and glial response induced by methamphetamine (METH). Mice were given repeated low doses of METH (4Â mg/kg, i.p., three times separated by 3Â h) and killed 24Â h or 7 d after the last dose. SP600125 (30Â mg/kg, i.p) was administered 30Â min before the last METH injection. Results indicate that METH produced dopaminergic axonal neurotoxicity reflected as a marked decrease in the striatal density of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) fibres and dopamine transporter-immunoreactivity (DAT-ir) 24Â h after dosing. These effects were not modified by SP600125. This compound also failed to prevent the long-term loss of dopamine levels and DAT observed 7 d following METH injection. Nevertheless, SP600125 potentiated METH-induced striatal cell loss reflected by an increase in Fluoro-Jade immunostaining, cleaved capase-3 immunoreactivity and the number of terminal deoxyncleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) positive cells. In line with a deleterious effect of JNK1/2 inhibition, SP600125 increased the astroglial and microglial response induced by METH and interfered with drug-induced IL-15 expression. Together these data indicate that, not only does SP600125 fail to protect against the dopaminergic damage induced by METH but also, in fact, it potentiates the glial response and the non-dopaminergic striatal cell loss caused by the drug. © 2013 CINP.Peer Reviewe

Distribución de los asimilados en sorgo de Alepo (<i>Sorghum halepense</i>) : Destinos de las hojas y la panoja del vástago principal, mediante el uso de glucosa C<SUP>14</SUP>

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar cuantitativamente en plantas de sorgo de Alepo, la distribución de asimilados en las hojas recientemente expandidas del vastago principal, desde la hoja número 5 hasta la hoja 11 (hoja bandera). Plantas provenientes de semillas, se cultivaron en hidroponia y luz solar directa. Las hojas se marcaron en el envés con glucosa [C14(U)]. A las 24 h las plantas se disecaron en: raíces, rizomas, tallo, hojas expandidas y no expandidas, macollas, yemas y ápice. La hoja marcada se separó en: zona sembrada y resto de la hoja. El material vegetal se llevó a estufa a 80°C hasta peso seco. Las muestras se digestaron con OHNa 9N a temperatura ambiente y se homogeneizaron. A 1 mi del homogeneizado se le agregó 5 mi de solución centelladora Bray + cab-o-sil al 5%, midiéndose su actividad en un contador de centelleo líquido, Beckman LS 100C. Las raíces fueron un fuerte destino, recibiendo el 46% de los asimilados que exportaba la hoja 5, mientras que de la hoja 7 recibía el 15% y el 6,3% de la hoja 10. En el caso de la hoja bandera fue el 9,33%. Las hojas no expandidas fueron también un fuerte destino: 22% para la hoja 5 y más de un 25% para las restantes hojas marcadas. Las yemas rompieron la dominancia apical a partir de la 6la hoja expandida y fueron un destino importante para la hoja 6, ya que recibieron el 9,5% de lo exportado, aumentando hasta alcanzar aproximadamente el 15% para cada una de las hojas 8, 9 y 10. La hoja bandera sólo exportó el 6,5% hacia las yemas. El tallo como destino de las hojas fue cada vez más importante durante el crecimiento de la planta. De la hoja 5 recibió el 5.5% y de la 10, el 29%. Los destinos de mayor importancia para la hoja bandera fueron la panoja y el tallo de hojas expandidas (28% cada unoj.La raíz como destino de asimilados de las hojas recientemente expandidas fue disminuyendo con el crecimiento de la planta; paralelamente la zona de activo crecimiento (tallos y hojas no expandidas) se fueron convirtiendo en un fuerte destino. Las yemas también fueron un fuerte destino desde que iniciaron su crecimiento, excepto para la hoja bandera, cuyo destino más importante de asimilados fue la porción reproductiva de la planta.The aim of this work was the cuantitative determination of assimilates distribution in Johnsongrass plants showing between 5 and 11 leaves along the main shoot. Plants grown from seeds, were cultivated in hydroponia under direct sun ligth. The latest expanded leaves were labelled at the down side with glucose [14C(U)] and 24 h latter, plants were dissected in root, rhizome, stem, expanded leaves and non expanded leaves, apex and buds. The labelled leaf was separated in a sown zone and the rest of it. Both and each dissected part plant were taken to dried weight at 80°C . The samples were digested with OHNa 9N at room temperature and homogenated. A 1 mi sample was theh added to 5 mi of Bray solution plus cab-o-sil at 5%. The radioactivity was determined using a liquid scentillátion counter Beckman LS lOOC.Roots were a dominant sink, receiving 46 % ,15 % y 6.3 % of assimilates coming from leaves number 5, 7 and 10 respectively. The flag leaf received 9.33 %. Non expanded leaves were also a dominant sink, receiving 22% from the 5lh leaf and more than 25% from the others leaves. The panicle was an important source to the roots, too. When the plant expanded its 6th leaf, the apical dominance is broken. At this moment the buds become an important sink for assimilates coming from the 6th leaf (9.5%). From each 8, 9 and 10 leaves, the buds received 15% of the exported assimilated. The flag leaf exported only 6.5% to the buds. The growing stems and the apex were increasing sink from the 5"' to 10lh leaves (5.5% to 29%). The panicle and the stern of the ex panded leaves were the most important sink for the flag leaf (28% each). During the plant is growing, the roots became a less important sink for the assimilates coming from the last expanded leaves. Simultaneously, the active growth región of the plant (stern and non expanded leaves) became a dominant sink. The buds were also important sink for the last expanded leaves since they started growing. However, this was not true for the flag leaf whose most important sink was the reproductive structures of the plant.Instituto de Fisiología Vegeta

Mitochondrial DNA Diversity and Evolutionary History of Native Human Populations of Northwest Patagonia (Argentina)

The genetic composition of Amerindian descendants from Patagonia has long been a focus of interest, although the information available is still scarce for many geographic areas. Here, we report the first analysis of the variation in the mtDNA control region for an area of northwestern Patagonia, the North of Neuquén, with the aim of studying the processes and historical events that modeled the evolutionary history of these human groups. We analyzed 113 individuals from two localities of northern Neuquén, along with 6 from southern Neuquén and 223 mtDNA sequences previously published from neighboring areas from Argentina and Chile. We estimated the haplotypic variation and spatial structure of molecular variability. Amerindian subhaplogroups predominate in the two samples from northern Neuquén (N= 70), being D1g and C1b13 the most represented, although in different proportion. These samples exhibit Amerindian mtDNA haplotypes similar to the variants from neighboring areas. Most of haplotype variability is observed within group, while variation among groups is relatively low and scarcely associated to geographical space. The most frequent subhaplogroups in northern Neuquén are characteristic of native populations from Patagonia and Chilean Araucania, and probably originated in the region during the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene. However, the spatial variation of mtDNA haplotypes departs from a latitudinal pattern and suggests differential levels of gene flow among areas during the Late Holocene; with moderate levels across the North of Neuquén as well as between this area and neighbouring populations from Chile and the South of Neuquén and Río Negro

Effects of post-emergent herbicides on Trichoderma harzianum, a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean cropping

Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Information is needed on the compatibility of this biocontrol agent and the post-emergent herbicides used in soybean cropping. Haloxyfop R Methyl (EC 10.4%), Glyphosate (SL 48%), Imazamox (WG 70%) and Imazethapyr (SL 10%) were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of T. harzianum on in vitro agar plates. Glyphosate (2000 ppm), Imazethapyr (500 and 250 ppm) and Haloxyfop R Methyl (1000, 500 and 100 ppm) reduced the mycelial growth of T. harzianum. Imazamox had no effect at any concentration. Subsequently, all the herbicides were assessed for their effect on soil populations of T. harzianum. Greenhouse assays conducted with non-sterile soil inoculated with T. harzianum and a specific herbicide were sampled before pesticide application and after 30 days. The number of colony forming units per gram of soil (c.f.u./g of soil) was evaluated with a soil dilution technique using Trichoderma selective medium (TSM). No detrimental effect was revealed.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Experiencia de implementación de un proyecto Business Intelligence en una organización de salud privada de Argentina

La implementación de un proyecto de Business Intelligence (BI) es parte del proceso de crecimiento de una institución ya que permite optimizar los distintos procesos de atención y gestión convirtiéndola en una organización más eficiente y sustentable. El objetivo de esta presentación es compartir la experiencia adquirida durante la implementación de un proyecto de BI en una organización de salud del ámbito privado de Argentina, integrada por múltiples centros de atención, describiendo los métodos usados y principales resultados alcanzados. En la etapa inicial del proyecto, nos encontrábamos en un nivel de madurez de Gestión de Calidad de la Información (CDI) inicial, sin evaluación de la calidad de los datos y la información ni planteo de mejoras. En un año, a partir del cumplimiento de las etapas de trabajo propuestas, hemos alcanzado un nivel de Gestión de CDI integrado, teniendo un mejor conocimiento de los problemas, con capacidad de reacción y corrección ante la detección de errores. Actualmente, trabajamos activamente para alcanzar un nivel de madurez gestionado y optimizado, con evaluación y mejora continua de la CDI. Consideramos que compartir esta experiencia local podría ser valioso para otras instituciones que deseen iniciar el camino de la gestión basada en datos.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Demostración de un sensor de gas metano basado en un sistema de acoplo de múltiples secciones de fibra de cristal fotónico

Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibres (HC-PBFs) have been recently demonstrated as a powerful technology in the field of gas sensing. The long interaction path lengths available with these fibers are advantageous for the detection of weakly absorbing gases such as methane. However, long path lengths also yield to very high insertion times of the gas into the fiber. In this paper, a novel solution based on a multicoupling gap system to detect methane with HC-PBFs is proposed. For that purpose, a conventional configuration using one long piece of HC-PBF is compared to this novel method, which uses shorter pieces of HC-PBF with the same overall length as the previous configuration. The results and conclusions from experimental studies are presented and discussed. The multicoupling gap system is demonstrated to considerably reduced the filling time while maintaining the sensitivity, proving the feasibility of the configuration proposed

Role of intact hydrogen-bond networks in multiproton-coupled electron transfer

The essential role of a well-defined hydrogen-bond network in achieving chemically reversible multiproton translocations triggered by one-electron electrochemical oxidation/reduction is investigated by using pyridylbenzimidazole-phenol models. The two molecular architectures designed for these studies differ with respect to the position of the N atom on the pyridyl ring. In one of the structures, a hydrogen-bond network extends uninterrupted across the molecule from the phenol to the pyridyl group. Experimental and theoretical evidence indicates that an overall chemically reversible two-proton-coupled electron-transfer process (E2PT) takes place upon electrochemical oxidation of the phenol. This E2PT process yields the pyridinium cation and is observed regardless of the cyclic voltammogram scan rate. In contrast, when the hydrogen-bond network is disrupted, as seen in the isomer, at high scan rates (μ1000 mV s-1) a chemically reversible process is observed with an E1/2 characteristic of a one-proton-coupled electron-transfer process (E1PT). At slow cyclic voltammetric scan rates (<1000 mV s-1) oxidation of the phenol results in an overall chemically irreversible two-proton-coupled electron-transfer process in which the second proton-transfer step yields the pyridinium cation detected by infrared spectroelectrochemistry. In this case, we postulate an initial intramolecular proton-coupled electron-transfer step yielding the E1PT product followed by a slow, likely intermolecular chemical step involving a second proton transfer to give the E2PT product. Insights into the electrochemical behavior of these systems are provided by theoretical calculations of the electrostatic potentials and electric fields at the site of the transferring protons for the forward and reverse processes. This work addresses a fundamental design principle for constructing molecular wires where protons are translocated over varied distances by a Grotthuss-type mechanism.Fil: Guerra, Walter Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Odella, Emmanuel. Arizona State University; Estados Unidos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Secor, Maxim. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Goings, Joshua J.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Urrutia, María N.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Wadsworth, Brian L.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Gervaldo, Miguel Andres. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados; ArgentinaFil: Sereno, Leonides Edmundo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; ArgentinaFil: Moore, Thomas A.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Moore, Gary F.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Moore, Ana L.. University of Yale; Estados Unido

Population Genetics of Franciscana Dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei): Introducing a New Population from the Southern Edge of Their Distribution

Due to anthropogenic factors, the franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, is the most threatened small cetacean on the Atlantic coast of South America. Four Franciscana Management Areas have been proposed: Espiritu Santo to Rio de Janeiro (FMA I), São Paulo to Santa Catarina (FMA II), Rio Grande do Sul to Uruguay (FMA III), and Argentina (FMA IV). Further genetic studies distinguished additional populations within these FMAs. We analyzed the population structure, phylogeography, and demographic history in the southernmost portion of the species range. From the analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences, 5 novel haplotypes were found, totalizing 60 haplotypes for the entire distribution range. The haplotype network did not show an apparent phylogeographical signal for the southern FMAs. Two populations were identified: Monte Hermoso (MH) and Necochea (NC)+Claromecó (CL)+Río Negro (RN). The low levels of genetic variability, the relative constant size over time, and the low levels of gene flow may indicate that MH has been colonized by a few maternal lineages and became isolated from geographically close populations. The apparent increase in NC+CL+RN size would be consistent with the higher genetic variability found, since genetic diversity is generally higher in older and expanding populations. Additionally, RN may have experienced a recent split from CL and NC; current high levels of gene flow may be occurring between the latter ones. FMA IV would comprise four franciscana dolphin populations: Samborombón West+Samborombón South, Cabo San Antonio+Buenos Aires East, NC+CL+Buenos Aires Southwest+RN and MH. Results achieved in this study need to be taken into account in order to ensure the long-term survival of the species.Fil: Gariboldi, María Constanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; ArgentinaFil: Tunez, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Dejean, Cristina Beatriz. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección Antropología Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Failla, Mauricio. Fundación Cethus; ArgentinaFil: Vitullo, Alfredo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; ArgentinaFil: Negri, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; ArgentinaFil: Cappozzo, Humberto Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; Argentin