Los factores familiares y educativos que influyen en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en los niños de segundo y tercer grado de la escuela bilingüe Santiago Bolaños L., provincia de Chiriquí, República de Panamá 2021.

This research was carried out with the purpose of determining the family and educational factors that influence the literacy learning process in children of first and second grade of Santiago Bolaños L. Bilingual School. The methodology is based on a mixed approach, with a non-experimental, cross sectional design in which 93 parents, 6 teachers between second and third grade levels and 93 students participated. The following instruments were applied as methods of data collection and analysis: a closed questionnaire addressed to parents and another one addressed to teachers; finally, a diagnostic test on reading and writing was given to students to determine their current reading and writing level. Relative to the data obtained in the questionnaire aimed at teachers, it was evidenced that they implement strategies for teaching and learning both reading and writing; in other hand, according to the results of parents, it was observed that there is a higher percentage on nuclear and extended families (big families) with a predominance of democratic parenting style. Finally, the diagnostic test on reading and writing used with the students revealed that they are generally at an adequate level, but they need to be reinforce through greater stimulation in both processes. This research has also fulfilled the objective of creating a psychoeducational manual, providing to Santiago Bolaños L. Bilingual School with its future implementation, which will contribute to the promotion of literacy activities. Key words: Family, school, students, learning, teachers, literacy, reading and writing.El presente estudio investigativo se ha llevado a cabo con la finalidad de determinar los factores familiares y educativos que influyen en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en niños de segundo y tercer grado de la escuela Bilingüe Santiago Bolaños L. La metodología se sustenta en un enfoque Mixto, con un diseño no experimental, de tipo transversal en la cual participaron 93 padres de familia, 6 docentes de segundo y tercer grado y 93 estudiantes. Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos como métodos de recolección y análisis de datos: cuestionario cerrado, dirigido a los padres de familia y otro dirigido a los docentes; por último, se realizó una prueba diagnóstica sobre lectura y escritura a los estudiantes para conocer el nivel actual de lectoescritura que presentan. Con relación a los datos obtenidos en el cuestionario dirigido a docentes se evidenció que estos ejecutan estrategias para la enseñanza y aprendizaje tanto de lectura como de escritura; de acuerdo con los resultados de padres de familia se observa que hay un mayor porcentaje en el tipo de familia nuclear y extensa con predominio de estilo de crianza democrática. Finalmente, la prueba diagnóstica sobre lectura y escritura empleada a los estudiantes permitió conocer que se encuentran de manera general en un adecuado nivel, pero que deben fortalecerse a través de mayor estimulación en ambos procesos. Esta investigación también ha cumplido con el objetivo de realizar un manual psicoeducativo, brindándole a la escuela Bilingüe Santiago Bolaños L. su futura implementación que contribuirá con el fomento de actividades en lectoescritura. Palabras claves: Familia, escuela, estudiantes, aprendizaje, docentes, lectoescritura, lectura y escritura

Functional connectivity of the irritative zone identified by electrical source imaging, and EEG-correlated fMRI analyses.

OBJECTIVE: The irritative zone - the area generating epileptic spikes - can be studied non-invasively during the interictal period using Electrical Source Imaging (ESI) and simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI). Although the techniques yield results which may overlap spatially, differences in spatial localization of the irritative zone within the same patient are consistently observed. To investigate this discrepancy, we used Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) functional connectivity measures to examine the underlying relationship between ESI and EEG-fMRI findings. METHODS: Fifteen patients (age 20-54), who underwent presurgical epilepsy investigation, were scanned using a single-session resting-state EEG-fMRI protocol. Structural MRI was used to obtain the electrode localisation of a high-density 64-channel EEG cap. Electrical generators of interictal epileptiform discharges were obtained using a distributed local autoregressive average (LAURA) algorithm as implemented in Cartool EEG software. BOLD activations were obtained using both spike-related and voltage-map EEG-fMRI analysis. The global maxima of each method were used to investigate the temporal relationship of BOLD time courses and to assess the spatial similarity using the Dice similarity index between functional connectivity maps. RESULTS: ESI, voltage-map and spike-related EEG-fMRI methods identified peaks in 15 (100%), 13 (67%) and 8 (53%) of the 15 patients, respectively. For all methods, maxima were localised within the same lobe, but differed in sub-lobar localisation, with a median distance of 22.8 mm between the highest peak for each method. The functional connectivity analysis showed that the temporal correlation between maxima only explained 38% of the variance between the time course of the BOLD response at the maxima. The mean Dice similarity index between seed-voxel functional connectivity maps showed poor spatial agreement. SIGNIFICANCE: Non-invasive methods for the localisation of the irritative zone have distinct spatial and temporal sensitivity to different aspects of the local cortical network involved in the generation of interictal epileptiform discharges

Visualization of mouse barrel cortex using ex-vivo track density imaging

We describe the visualization of the barrel cortex of the primary somatosensory area (S1) of ex vivo adult mouse brain with short-tracks track density imaging (stTDI). stTDI produced much higher definition of barrel structures than conventional fractional anisotropy (FA), directionally-encoded color FA maps, spin-echo and T2-weighted imaging and gradient echo Ti/T2*-weighted imaging. 3D high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) data were acquired at 48 micron isotropic resolution for a (3 mm)3 block of cortex containing the barrel field and reconstructed using stTDI at 10 micron isotropic resolution. HARDI data were also acquired at 100 micron isotropic resolution to image the whole brain and reconstructed using stTDI at 20 micron isotropic resolution. The 10 micron resolution stTDI maps showed exceptionally clear delineation of barrel structures. Individual barrels could also be distinguished in the 20 micron stTDI maps but the septa separating the individual barrels appeared thicker compared to the 10 micron maps, indicating that the ability of stTDI to produce high quality structural delineation is dependent upon acquisition resolution. Close homology was observed between the barrel structure delineated using stTDI and reconstructed histological data from the same samples. stTDI also detects barrel deletions in the posterior medial barrel sub-field in mice with infraorbital nerve cuts. The results demonstrate that stTDI is a novel imaging technique that enables three-dimensional characterization of complex structures such as the barrels in S1 and provides an important complementary non-invasive imaging tool for studying synaptic connectivity, development and plasticity of the sensory system. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Long-Term Outcomes with Subcutaneous C1-Inhibitor Replacement Therapy for Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks

Background For the prevention of attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE), the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous human C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH[SC]; HAEGARDA, CSL Behring) was established in the 16-week Clinical Study for Optimal Management of Preventing Angioedema with Low-Volume Subcutaneous C1-Inhibitor Replacement Therapy (COMPACT). Objective To assess the long-term safety, occurrence of angioedema attacks, and use of rescue medication with C1-INH(SC). Methods Open-label, randomized, parallel-arm extension of COMPACT across 11 countries. Patients with frequent angioedema attacks, either study treatment-naive or who had completed COMPACT, were randomly assigned (1:1) to 40 IU/kg or 60 IU/kg C1-INH(SC) twice per week, with conditional uptitration to optimize prophylaxis (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02316353). Results A total of 126 patients with a monthly attack rate of 4.3 in 3 months before entry in COMPACT were enrolled and treated for a mean of 1.5 years; 44 patients (34.9%) had more than 2 years of exposure. Mean steady-state C1-INH functional activity increased to 66.6% with 60 IU/kg. Incidence of adverse events was low and similar in both dose groups (11.3 and 8.5 events per patient-year for 40 IU/kg and 60 IU/kg, respectively). For 40 IU/kg and 60 IU/kg, median annualized attack rates were 1.3 and 1.0, respectively, and median rescue medication use was 0.2 and 0.0 times per year, respectively. Of 23 patients receiving 60 IU/kg for more than 2 years, 19 (83%) were attack-free during months 25 to 30 of treatment. Conclusions In patients with frequent HAE attacks, long-term replacement therapy with C1-INH(SC) is safe and exhibits a substantial and sustained prophylactic effect, with the vast majority of patients becoming free from debilitating disease symptoms

A mechanism of male germ cell apoptosis induced by bisphenol-a and nonylphenol involving ADAM17 and p38 MAPK activation

© 2014 Urriola-Muñoz et al.Germ cell apoptosis regulation is pivotal in order to maintain proper daily sperm production. Several reports have shown that endocrine disruptors such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Nonylphenol (NP) induce germ cell apoptosis along with a decrease in sperm production. Given their ubiquitous distribution in plastic products used by humans it is important to clarify their mechanism of action. TACE/ADAM17 is a widely distributed extracellular metalloprotease and participates in the physiological apoptosis of germ cells during spermatogenesis. The aims of this work were: 1) to determine whether BPA and NP induce ADAM17 activation; and 2) to study whether ADAM17 and/or ADAM10 are involved in germ cell apoptosis induced by BPA and NP in the pubertal rat testis. A single dose of BPA or NP (50 mg/kg) induces germ cell apoptosis in 21-day-old male rats, which was prevented by a pharmacological inhibitor of ADAM17, but not by an inhibitor of ADAM10. In vitro, we showed tha

Situacion actual y futuro de la produccion de semillas de forrajeras en Panama

La Unidad de Produccion de Semilla del Instituto de Investigacion Agropecuaria de Panama se enfoca hacia la utilizacion de las gramineas Brachiaria decumbens CIAT 606, 6132, 6012, 6298, 664; B. brizantha CIAT 6780; B. humidicola CIAT 679, 6707, 6369; B. dictyoneura CIAT 6133; Hyparrhenia rufa (Faragua); Andropogon gayanus CIAT 621 cv. Veranero; Dictyoneura swazilandensis (Swazi) y Pennisetum sp. (Taiwan), las leguminosas Pueraria phaseoloides CIAT 9900; Centrosema macrocarpum CIAT 5434, 5062 y 5065; Stylosanthes capitata CIAT 10280; S. guianensis CIAT 184, 136 y Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham. Las de mayor difusion son B. decumbens (buena maduracion y rendimiento potencial), B. radicans, P. maximum y B. ruziziensis. Se liberaron A. gayanus CIAT 621 cv. Veranero, B. humidicola CIAT 679 cv. Pasto humidicola, B. decumbens cv. Senal y D. swazilandensis (Swazi). En la multiplicacion de semilla exptl. y basica, A. gayanus CIAT 621, C. macrocarpum CIAT 5062 y B. humidicola presentaron buenos rendimientos. (Extracto