Factores críticos que impactan las finanzas públicas de los gobiernos locales de la región Tacna

The objective of the investigation is to present the causes and effects that are generated in the finances of the countries of the Tacna region, through the variables of income, expenses, investment, financing, among others. An economic and efficient management of public finances in the municipalities implies generating sufficient resources, allows for positive results in the management of funds and, in turn, allows a better quality of service that can be provided. The investigative design is deductive and systemic, for this purpose it was given to the mayors, municipal managers, accountants, in charge of the administrative and financial areas of the municipalities; with the objective of determining the factors that influence the management of public finances. The objective population was 04 provincial municipalities and 23 district municipalities that are part of the Tacna region. The results obtained indicate that in 2014, 25.93% of the municipalities in the Tacna region depend on 90% of the revenues of the central government, that is, 10% of the funds obtained from their own income, in the subject budget 29.63% of the municipalities. Regarding the budget, 29.63% of the municipalities obtained a budget deficit or surplus greater than 10%, 40.74% obtained a balance in the effective liquidation of the budget, 33.33% of the municipalities had a cost lower than 65% of the total income in investment, it is also observed that 14.81% have financial information with arrears greater than 6 months and 44.44% of municipalities do not have an elaborated and / or updated cost budget.El objetivo de la investigación es presentar las causas y efectos que se generan en las finanzas públicas de los gobiernos locales de la región de Tacna, a través de las variables de ingresos, gastos, inversión, financiación, entre otras. Una gestión económica y administrativa eficiente de las finanzas públicas en las municipalidades implica generar recursos propios suficientes, permite tener resultados positivos en el manejo de los fondos y esta a su vez permite una mejor calidad de servicio que se brinda a la población. El diseño investigativo utilizado es de tipo deductivo y sistémico, para dicho efecto se entrevistaron a los alcaldes, gerentes municipales, contadores, encargados de las áreas administrativas y financieras de las municipalidades; con el objetivo de determinar los factores que influyen la gestión de las finanzaspúblicas. La población objetiva fueron 4 municipalidades provinciales y 23 municipalidades distritales que forman parte de la región Tacna. Los resultados obtenidos nos permite señalar que en el año 2014 un 25,93% de las municipalidades de la región Tacna dependen del 90% de los ingresos por transferencias del gobierno central, es decir un 10% de los fondos provienen de ingresos propios, en el tema presupuestal el 29,63% de las municipalidades. Respecto al presupuesto el 29,63% de las municipalidades obtuvo déficit o superávit presupuestario mayor al 10% , un 40.74% obtuvo un equilibrio en la liquidación efectiva del presupuesto, el 33,33% de las municipalidades han destinado menos del 65% del ingreso total en inversión, también se observa que el 14,81% cuenta con información financiera con atraso mayor a 6 meses y el 44.44% de las municipalidades no tienenestudios de costos elaborados y/o actualizados

Strategic Actions to Value, Conserve, and Restore the Natural Capital of Megadiversity Countries: The Case of Mexico

Decisionmakers need updated, scientifically sound and relevant information to implement appropriate policy measures and make innovative commitments to halt biodiversity loss and improve human well-being. Here, we present a recent science-based synthesis on the biodiversity and ecosystem services of Mexico, intended to be a tool for policymakers. We describe the methodological approach used to undertake such an assessment and highlight the major findings. Organized into five volumes and originally written in Spanish (Capital Natural de México), it summarizes the available knowledge on the components, structure, and functioning of the biodiversity of Mexico; the threats and trajectories of anthropogenic impact, together with its conservation status; and the policies, institutions, and instruments available for its sustainable management. We stress the lessons learned that can be useful for similar exercises in other megadiverse developing countries and identify major gaps and strategic actions to conserve the natural capital in light of the challenges of the Anthropocene

Opciones de pedido para la planificación de requerimientos de materiales

En tiempos de globalización y mercados competitivos, resulta de vital importancia para las organizaciones el focalizar sus actividades a través de procesos planificados en detalle, que cuenten con un diseño eficiente y sustentable. La forma en que se adquieren las materias primas e insumos, y la organización de la producción son tópicos de continuo interés científico e industrial. Sin embargo distan mucho de estar completamente desarrolladas y comprendidas las formas óptimas de organizar la producción. En particular la Planificación de Requerimientos de Materiales (MRP) resulta interesante para su estudio en profundidad. Una forma sugerente de afrontar esta temática es lograr la representación de todas las opciones de pedido que existen al momento de satisfacer los requerimientos de materiales, ya que esto permite que la toma de decisiones se ejecute considerando todas las alternativas del sistema. En el trabajo se desarrolla una matriz que contiene todas las posibilidades de pedido para cubrir las necesidades del sistema y se determina un patrón de comportamiento para su armado.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Opciones de pedido para la planificación de requerimientos de materiales

En tiempos de globalización y mercados competitivos, resulta de vital importancia para las organizaciones el focalizar sus actividades a través de procesos planificados en detalle, que cuenten con un diseño eficiente y sustentable. La forma en que se adquieren las materias primas e insumos, y la organización de la producción son tópicos de continuo interés científico e industrial. Sin embargo distan mucho de estar completamente desarrolladas y comprendidas las formas óptimas de organizar la producción. En particular la Planificación de Requerimientos de Materiales (MRP) resulta interesante para su estudio en profundidad. Una forma sugerente de afrontar esta temática es lograr la representación de todas las opciones de pedido que existen al momento de satisfacer los requerimientos de materiales, ya que esto permite que la toma de decisiones se ejecute considerando todas las alternativas del sistema. En el trabajo se desarrolla una matriz que contiene todas las posibilidades de pedido para cubrir las necesidades del sistema y se determina un patrón de comportamiento para su armado.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Opciones de pedido para la planificación de requerimientos de materiales

En tiempos de globalización y mercados competitivos, resulta de vital importancia para las organizaciones el focalizar sus actividades a través de procesos planificados en detalle, que cuenten con un diseño eficiente y sustentable. La forma en que se adquieren las materias primas e insumos, y la organización de la producción son tópicos de continuo interés científico e industrial. Sin embargo distan mucho de estar completamente desarrolladas y comprendidas las formas óptimas de organizar la producción. En particular la Planificación de Requerimientos de Materiales (MRP) resulta interesante para su estudio en profundidad. Una forma sugerente de afrontar esta temática es lograr la representación de todas las opciones de pedido que existen al momento de satisfacer los requerimientos de materiales, ya que esto permite que la toma de decisiones se ejecute considerando todas las alternativas del sistema. En el trabajo se desarrolla una matriz que contiene todas las posibilidades de pedido para cubrir las necesidades del sistema y se determina un patrón de comportamiento para su armado.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Prevalence of burnout in paediatric nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Although burnout in paediatric nurses has been addressed in previous research, the heterogeneous nature of the results obtained and of the variables studied highlights the need for a detailed analysis of the literature. Objective The aim of this study was to analyse the literature on burnout characteristics, reported prevalence, severity and risk factors, to achieve a better understanding of the risk of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and feelings of low personal accomplishment. Method For this purpose, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. The databases consulted were CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, the Proquest Platform (Proquest Health & Medical Complete), Scielo and Scopus. This study used the search equation ªburnout AND ªpediatric nurs*ºº, and was conducted in July 2017. Results The search produced 34 studies targeting burnout in paediatric nurses, with no restrictions on the date of publication. Many of these studies detected moderate-high values for the three dimensions of burnout, and highlighted sociodemographic, psychological and jobrelated variables associated with this syndrome. The sample population for the meta-analysis was composed of 1600 paediatric nurses. The following prevalence values were obtained: (i) emotional exhaustion, 31% (95% CI: 25±37%); (ii) depersonalisation, 21% (95% CI: 11±33%); (iii) low personal accomplishment, 39% (95% CI: 28±50%). Conclusions A significant number of paediatric nurses were found to have moderate-high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and low levels of personal accomplishment. These nurses, therefore, were either experiencing burnout or at high risk of suffering it in the future. These results support the need for further study of the risk factors for burnout in paediatric nurses. They also highlight the importance of developing interventions or therapies to help prevent or attenuate the above symptoms, thus helping nurses cope with the workplace environment and with situations that may lead to burnout.The research was carried out within the framework of Research Project P11HUM-7771, directed by PhD Emilia I. De la Fuente and funded by the Regional Government of Andalusia (Spain). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

An Explanatory Model of Potential Changes in Burnout Diagnosis According to Personality Factors in Oncology Nurses

Burnout in a hospital oncology service takes place when there is a high level of interaction between nurses and patients. The aim of the present study is to identify models that will enable us to accurately classify a person at a given level within each of the three dimensions of burnout, according to the values presented for personality related explanatory variables, for a sample of 96 oncology nurses working in the regional health service of Andalusia (Spain). A quantitative, crosscutting, multicentre, descriptive study was designed, and for this purpose data on sociodemographic and personality variables and on the three dimensions of burnout were compiled. Three categorical-response logit ordinal models were used and the prognostic ratios for each level were obtained, with respect to every other level, according to possible changes in the explanatory variables considered. Certain personality factors are associated with one or more dimensions of burnout syndrome. Thus, nurses are more likely to develop high levels of burnout if they present high levels of neuroticism and low levels of friendliness and responsibility. Further research in this field is needed to confirm and extend these findings.This research was funded by Excellence Research Project P11HUM-7771 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) and by Research Project mP_BS_6 (CEI BioTic Granada and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain)

Relation between Burnout and Sleep Problems in Nurses: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Burnout can affect nurses' sleep quality. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between burnout syndrome and sleep problems in nurses. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were used. Some of the inclusion criteria were quantitative studies, in which the levels of burnout and sleep disorders were investigated in a sample of nurses using validated scales. A total of 12 studies were included. Sociodemographic variables did not influence the relation between burnout and sleep problems, except for being female. The environment and workplace violence, together with psychological traits and shifts, affect the probability of developing burnout and insomnia. The meta-analysis sample was n = 1127 nurses. The effect size of the correlation between burnout and sleep disorders was r = 0.39 (95% CI 0.29-0.48) with p < 0.001, indicating that the higher the level of burnout in nurses, the greater the presence of sleep disorders. The positive correlation between burnout and sleep disorders is a problem that must be addressed to improve the health of nurses. Developing turnicity strategies, using warmer lights in hospital units during night shifts and eliminating the fixed night shift could improve nurses' working conditions

Tareas docentes intradisciplinarias para la asignatura Células, Tejidos y Sistema Tegumentario en la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina

Introducción: La orientación, realización y evaluación de la tarea docente integradora ocupa un lugar importante dentro del proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje en la Educación Médica Superior. En el contexto de un aprendizaje intradisciplinario los estudiantes adquieren mayor nivel de integración y generalización entre los conocimientos adquiridos en las diferentes asignaturas de una misma disciplina. Objetivo: Determinar los fundamentos teóricos- metodológicos para la elaboración de tareas docentes intradisciplinarias de la asignatura Célula, Tejidos y Sistema Tegumentario y Biología Molecular en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la carrera de medicina en nuestra facultad.Facultad de Odontologí

Developing ecosystem service indicators: experiences and lessons learned from sub-global assessments and other initiatives

People depend upon ecosystems to supply a range of services necessary for their survival and well-being. Ecosystem service indicators are critical for knowing whether or not these essential services are being maintained and used in a sustainable manner, thus enabling policy makers to identify the policies and other interventions needed to better manage them. As a result, ecosystem service indicators are of increasing interest and importance to governmental and inter-governmental processes, including amongst others the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Aichi Targets contained within its strategic plan for 2011-2020, as well as the emerging Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Despite this growing demand, assessing ecosystem service status and trends and developing robust indicators is o!en hindered by a lack of information and data, resulting in few available indicators. In response, the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), together with a wide range of international partners and supported by the Swedish International Biodiversity Programme (SwedBio)*, undertook a project to take stock of the key lessons that have been learnt in developing and using ecosystem service indicators in a range of assessment contexts. The project examined the methodologies, metrics and data sources employed in delivering ecosystem service indicators, so as to inform future indicator development. This report presents the principal results of this project