The emerging oral pathogen, Filifactor alocis, modulates antimicrobial responses of primed human neutrophils.

Almost 50% of the adult population older than 30 years of age suffers from some form of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissue caused by microbial subversion of the host immune response. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte present in the oral mucosa. In periodontitis, periodontal pathogens have developed strategies to evade neutrophil antimicrobial responses and promote bacterial growth. Among these oral pathogens is Filifactor alocis which can modulate neutrophils’ antimicrobial responses by preventing phagosome maturation. During inflammation, neutrophils that reach the gingival tissue are primed by cytokines and chemokines. However, the response of primed human neutrophils to F. alocis is currently unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, human neutrophils were primed with TNF-α, an established priming agent, and the kinetics of phagocytosis and intracellular ROS production in response to serum opsonized F. alocis were tested. Our results showed a significant increase in phagocytosis of F. alocisby TNF-α-primed neutrophils compared to unprimed cells. However, the significant increase in bacteria uptake was not accompanied by increased ROS production. F. alocis significantly downregulated the respiratory burst response in human neutrophils independently of priming with TNF-α. Interestingly, priming of neutrophils with IL-8 did not result in a significant increase in phagocytosis of F. alocis, but IL-8-primed neutrophils did have a similar ROS phenotype to TNF-α-primed neutrophils. This suggests dome ability of F. alcois to modulate the phagocytic ability of IL-8-primed neutrophils. Future studies will aim to characterize F. alocis’ virulence factors that modulate neutrophil responses

understanding the roles of cytokines and neutrophil activity and neutrophil apoptosis in the protective versus deleterious inflammatory response in pneumonia

SummaryInflammation is a double-edged sword in the outcome of pneumonia. On the one hand, an effective and timely inflammatory response is required to eliminate the invading respiratory pathogen. On the other, a toxic and prolonged inflammatory response may result in lung injury and poor outcomes, even in those receiving advanced medical care. This review focuses on recent understanding of the dynamics of the cytokine response, neutrophil activity, and responsiveness to cytokines and neutrophil lifespan as major elements of lung inflammation resulting in favorable or poor outcomes in lung infection primarily due to pneumococcus and influenza virus. Although some progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the pneumonia inflammation axis composed of cytokines modulating neutrophil activation and neutrophil apoptosis, important questions remain to be answered. The degree of neutrophil activation, generation of reactive oxygen species, and the release of granule antimicrobial peptides play a key role in microbial pathogen clearance; however, prolonged neutrophil activation may contribute to lung injury and poor outcomes in pneumonia. Molecular markers of the mechanisms regulating neutrophil survival and apoptosis may help in the identification of novel therapeutic targets to modulate inflammation by inducing timely neutrophil apoptosis. A major task is to identify the mechanisms of dysregulation in inflammation leading to toxic responses, thereby targeting a biomarker and enabling timely therapies to modulate inflammation

Dengue en niños/adolescentes del área Gran la Plata

El dengue es una enfermedad reemergente en Argentina desde 1997-1998. Se produjeron epidemias focalizadas con impacto variable en distintas áreas del norte hasta que en el año 2009 ocurrió la primera epidemia de la reemergencia por Dengue serotipo 1con casos autóctonos en numerosas jurisdicciones. No se registraban antecedentes de presentación de la enfermedad en la edad pediátrica en la atención ambulatoria ni la internación en nuestro medio hasta la segunda epidemia en el corriente año.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Dengue en niños/adolescentes del área Gran la Plata

El dengue es una enfermedad reemergente en Argentina desde 1997-1998. Se produjeron epidemias focalizadas con impacto variable en distintas áreas del norte hasta que en el año 2009 ocurrió la primera epidemia de la reemergencia por Dengue serotipo 1con casos autóctonos en numerosas jurisdicciones. No se registraban antecedentes de presentación de la enfermedad en la edad pediátrica en la atención ambulatoria ni la internación en nuestro medio hasta la segunda epidemia en el corriente año.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Dengue en niños/adolescentes del área Gran la Plata

El dengue es una enfermedad reemergente en Argentina desde 1997-1998. Se produjeron epidemias focalizadas con impacto variable en distintas áreas del norte hasta que en el año 2009 ocurrió la primera epidemia de la reemergencia por Dengue serotipo 1con casos autóctonos en numerosas jurisdicciones. No se registraban antecedentes de presentación de la enfermedad en la edad pediátrica en la atención ambulatoria ni la internación en nuestro medio hasta la segunda epidemia en el corriente año.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTOS DEL DIABÉTICO SOBRE SU AUTO CUIDADO

INTRODUCTION The diabetes treatment is complex. Its results depend, to a great extent, on the level of comprehension, skill and motivation that the user face up to the therapeutic requirements. OBJETIVE To identify the knowledge level that the diabetic user has about his/her autocare. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive survey was carried out in 94 diabetic inpatients in the services of Internal Medicine and Surgery of the General Regional Hospital No. 1 of Culiacán, Sinaloa. Diabetics of 20 years old and older with more of 72 hours of hospitalization in internal medicine and surgery were included in the survey. A questionnaire providing socio-demographic aspects such as age, gender, education, knowledge level of the diabetic user about his/her autocare dealing aspects like exercise, diet, feet care and pharmacological treatment was used. RESULTS More than half (56%) of the studied population is men, with an average age of 60 years old with a standard deviation of +- 12.36. The knowledge level about his/her autocare was insufficient in 79%. CONCLUSIONS The diabetic users have insufficient knowledge about their autocare. The aspects they know more about are the exercise and the diet, while they know little about the feet care and pharmacological treatment.INTRODUCCIÓN El tratamiento de la diabetes es complejo y sus resultados dependen, en gran medida del nivel de comprensión, destreza y motivación con que el usuario afronta las exigencias terapéuticas. OBJETIVO Identificar el nivel de conocimiento que el usuario diabético tiene sobre su autocuidado. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Se realizó una encuesta descriptiva a 94 diabéticos hospitalizados en los servicios de medicina interna y cirugía del Hospital General Regional No. 1 de Culiacán Sinaloa. Se incluyeron diabéticos de 20 y más años de edad, con más de 72 horas de hospitalización en el servicio. Se utilizó un cuestionario que contempló aspectos sociodemográficos como son edad, sexo, escolaridad, nivel de conocimiento del usuario diabético sobre su autocuidado, contemplando aspectos como ejercicio, alimentación, cuidado de los pies y tratamiento farmacológico. RESULTADO De la población estudiada se encontró que el 56% son del sexo masculino, con un promedio de 60 años de edad con una desviación estándar de + - 12.36. Nivel de conocimiento del diabético sobre su auto cuidado fue insuficiente en un 79 %. CONCLUSIONES Los usuarios diabéticos tienen conocimientos insuficientes sobre su autocuidado. Los aspectos sobre los que más conoce son el ejercicio y la alimentación, no así el cuidado de sus pies y lo relacionado al tratamiento farmacológico

JAK3 restrains inflammatory responses and protects against periodontal disease through Wnt3a signaling

Homeostasis between pro- and anti- inflammatory responses induced by bacteria is critical for the maintenance of health. In the oral cavity, proinflammatory mechanisms induced by pathogenic bacteria are well-established; however, the anti-inflammatory responses that act to restrain innate responses remain poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that infection with the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis enhances the activity of JAK3 in innate immune cells, and subsequently phospho-inactivates Nedd4-2, a ubiquitin E3 ligase. In turn, Wnt3 ubiquitination is decreased, while total protein levels are enhanced, leading to a reduction in proinflammatory cytokine levels. In contrast, JAK3 inhibition or Wnt3a robustly enhances NF-κB activity and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in P. gingivalis-stimulated innate immune cells. Moreover, using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that downstream molecules of Wnt3a signaling, including Dvl3 and β-catenin, are responsible for the negative regulatory role of Wnt3a. In addition, using an in vivo P. gingivalis-mediated periodontal disease model, we show that JAK3 inhibition enhances infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduces expression of Wnt3a and Dvl3 in P. gingivalis-infected gingival tissues, and increases disease severity. Together, our results reveal a new anti-inflammatory role for JAK3 in innate immune cells and show that the underlying signaling pathway involves Nedd4-2-mediated Wnt3a ubiquitination

Preliminary results from the ECOCADIZ 2020-07 Spanish acoustic survey (01 – 14 August 2020)

The present working document summarises a part of the main results obtained from the Spanish (pelagic ecosystem-) acoustic survey conducted by IEO between 01st and 14th August 2020 in the Portuguese and Spanish shelf waters (20-200 m isobaths) off the Gulf of Cadiz (GoC) onboard the R/V Miguel Oliver. The 21 foreseen acoustic transects were sampled. A total of 26 valid fishing hauls were carried out for echo-trace ground-truthing purposes. Four additional night trawls were conducted to collect anchovy hydrated females (DEPM). This working document only provides abundance and biomass estimates for anchovy, sardine and chub mackerel, which are presented without age structure. The distribution of all the mid-sized and small pelagic fish species susceptible of being acoustically assessed is also shown from the mapping of their back-scattering energies. GoC anchovy acoustic estimates in summer 2020 were of 5153 million fish and 44 877 tones, with the bulk of the population occurring in the Spanish waters. The current biomass estimate becomes in the second historical maximum within the time-series. The estimates of sardine abundance and biomass in summer 2020 were 1923 million fish and 50 721 t, estimates close to the historical average, but lower than the values estimated last year and the most recent maxima reached in 2018. A total of 32 854 t and 448 million fish were estimated for Chub mackerel, estimates similar to the most recent ones and very close to the time-series average

ICES. 2020. Working Group on Acoustic and Egg Surveys for Sardine and Anchovy in ICES areas 7, 8 and 9

he Working Group on Acoustic and Egg Surveys (WGACEGG) coordinates pelagic surveys for a number of stocks and provides monitoring for the two major sardine and anchovy stocks in ICES areas 6, 7, 8, and 9. The group evaluated small pelagic fish biomass indices derived from acoustic and Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM) surveys in ICES areas 6, 7, 8 and 9. These indices have been provided to the ICES Working Group on Southern Horse Mackerel, Anchovy and Sardine (WGHANSA), the Working Group on Widely Distributed Stocks (WGWIDE) and the Herring Assessment Working Group for the Area South of 62ºN (HAWG) stock assessment group, to serve as fishery-independent input for analytical assessment purposes. DEPM and acoustic indices were derived based on data collected using independent methods. Acoustic- and DEPM-derived biomass indices from quasi-synoptic surveys conducted in the Bay of Biscay in spring were compared, to assess the presence of potential bias and to improve the precision of fish stock biomass estimates. The DEPM-based anchovy biomass index was 22% higher than the acoustic index in 2019. Unusual concentrations of anchovy in Eastern Cantabrian Sea, an area not covered by the acoustic survey, and the presence near the sea surface of actively spawning individuals possibly under-sampled by acoustics in central Bay of Bay had been postulated as potential causes of this discrepancy. No significant difference was found between sardine biomass indices derived from DEPM and acoustics in 2019. The group has updated its database of standard gridded maps covering the European Atlantic area. This initiative continues to inform on the spatial dynamics of various parameters collected during the surveys coordinated under the auspices of the group (fish acoustic densities, anchovy and sardine egg abundance, surface temperature and salinity). Results of an analysis of the time series of gridded maps (anchovy and sardine acoustic density, surface salinity and temperature) showed quantitative changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of anchovy and sardine over the last 15 years, and further define their habitats in European Atlantic waters in spring. The timing and spatial coverage of DEPM and acoustic surveys that will be conducted by group members in 2020 were planned to optimise the monitoring of anchovy and sardine populations and their pelagic environment in the European Atlantic area. The synoptic nature of the survey components has been assessed for each target species. A manual describing the protocols used during the DEPM surveys coordinated by the WGACEGG group was reviewed, and writing of a manual of WGACEGG acoustic surveys continued. Both manuals will be available in 2020. The final results of the 2017 sardine DEPM assessment were endorsed by the group

Local spatial structure of forest biomass and its consequences for remote sensing of carbon stocks

Advances in forest carbon mapping have the potential to greatly reduce uncertainties in the global carbon budget and to facilitate effective emissions mitigation strategies such as REDD+. Though broad scale mapping is based primarily on remote sensing data, the accuracy of resulting forest carbon stock estimates depends critically on the quality of field measurements and calibration procedures. The mismatch in spatial scales between field inventory plots and larger pixels of current and planned remote sensing products for forest biomass mapping is of particular concern, as it has the potential to introduce errors, especially if forest biomass shows strong local spatial variation. Here, we used 30 large (8–50 ha) globally distributed permanent forest plots to quantify the spatial variability in aboveground biomass (AGB) at spatial grains ranging from 5 to 250m (0.025–6.25 ha), and we evaluate the implications of this variability for calibrating remote sensing products using simulated remote sensing footprints. We found that the spatial sampling error in AGB is large for standard plot sizes, averaging 46.3% for 0.1 ha subplots and 16.6% for 1 ha subplots. Topographically heterogeneous sites showed positive spatial autocorrelation in AGB at scales of 100m and above; at smaller scales, most study sites showed negative or nonexistent spatial autocorrelation in AGB. We further show that when field calibration plots are smaller than the remote sensing pixels, the high local spatial variability in AGB leads to a substantial “dilution” bias in calibration parameters, a bias that cannot be removed with current statistical methods. Overall, our results suggest that topography should be explicitly accounted for in future sampling strategies and that much care must be taken in designing calibration schemes if remote sensing of forest carbon is to achieve its promise