Primeras evidencias de huevos de resistencia de Acartia bifilosa en sedimentos de estuarios de Urdaibai (Golfo de Bizkaia): abundancia y éxito de eclosión

The abundance and hatching success of Acartia bifilosa resting eggs in subtidal sediments of the Urdaibai estuary was analysed in the context of a study on the spatial and temporal dynamics of this species. Two sediment cores of 20 to 30 cm depth were obtained at two sites of the middle zone, where the accumulation of mud and organic particles is favoured. Laboratory incubations were performed to determine the hatching success of eggs and identify newborns. Resting egg abundance was around 107 eggs m-2, and was higher at the site where the A. bifilosa population maintains an optimal position in the water column. The lower egg abundance in upper layers, as corresponds to winter, was associated with the seasonal dynamics of planktonic populations. On average, the hatching success was >50% at both sites. The lack of significant differences in the hatching success according to sediment depth suggests that eggs remain viable after being buried for a long-time in anoxic conditions. This enables us to infer that the benthic egg bank of A. bifilosa in this estuary is a safe source of recruits into the planktonic population, and plays a crucial role in recuperationand maintenance of the population.Se analizó la abundancia y éxito de eclosión de los huevos de resistencia de Acartia bifilosa en sedimentos submareales del estuario de Urdaibai, en un contexto sobre el estudio de la dinámica espacio-temporal de esta especie. Se obtuvieron dos cores de 20-30 cm de profundidad en dos puntos de la zona media del estuario, donde la acumulación de partículas se ve favorecida. Se realizaron incubaciones en laboratorio para determinar el éxito de eclosión de los huevos y la identificación de los recién nacidos. La abundancia de los huevos de resistencia fue alrededor de 107 huevos m-2, siendo mayor en el punto donde la población de A. bifilosa mantiene su posición óptima en la columna de agua. La menor abundanciade huevos de las capas superiores se asoció a la dinámica estacional de la población planctónica. De media, el éxito de eclosión fue >50% en ambos puntos. La ausencia de diferencias significativas en el éxito de eclosión respecto a la profundidad del sedimento sugiere que los huevos permanecen viables incluso tras una larga acumulación en condiciones anóxicas. Esto nos permite inferir que el banco de huevos bentónicos de A. bifilosa en este estuario es una fuente segura de reclutas a la población planctónica y que juega un papel crucial en la recuperación y mantenimiento de la población

Traceable on-machine tool coordinate measurement through the integration of a virtual metrology frame in large machine tools

Metrological traceability and micrometre-level measurement uncertainty are the main research challenges towards traceable coordinate measurement on large machine tools. The impact of time- and space-varying thermal conditions on the machine tool structure is the major uncertainty contributor to the uncertainty budget. Aiming to minimise this influencing factor, this research proposes the use of integrated multilateration as a virtual metrology frame in combination with the machine tool controller information to characterise the position and orientation of every coordinate measurement performed by the machine tool. Experimental results demonstrate that measurement uncertainty is within an 18-micrometre range and assess the required metrological traceability

Phylogenetic analyses of typical bovine rotavirus genotypes G6, G10, P[5] and P[11] circulating in Argentinean beef and dairy herds

Group A rotavirus (RVA) is one of the main causes of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide. RVA strains affecting Argentinean cattle mainly possess combinations of the G6, G10, P[5] and P[11] genotypes. To determine RVA diversity among Argentinean cattle, representative bovine RVA strains detected in diarrheic calves were selected from a survey conducted during 1997–2009. The survey covered the main livestock regions of the country from dairy and beef herds. Different phylogenetic approaches were used to investigate the genetic evolution of RVA strains belonging to the prevalent genotypes. The nucleotide phylogenetic tree showed that all genotypes studied could be divided into several lineages. Argentinean bovine RVA strains were distributed across multiple lineages and most of them were distinct from the lineage containing the vaccine strains. Only the aminoacid phylogenetic tree of G6 RVA strains maintained the same lineages as observed at the nucleotide level, whereas a different clustering pattern was observed for the aminoacid phylogenetic trees of G10, P[5] and P[11] suggesting that the strains are more closely related at the aminoacid level than G6 strains. Association between P[5] and G6(IV), prevalent in beef herd, and between P[11] and G6(III) or G10 (VI and V), prevalent in dairy herds, were found. In addition, Argentinean G6(III), G10, P[5] and P[11] bovine RVA strains grouped together with human strains, highlighting their potential for zoonotic transmission. Phylogenetic studies of RVA circulating in animals raised for consumption and in close contact with humans, such as cattle, contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the RVA infection and evolution.Fil: Badaracco, Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Garaicoechea, Lorena Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Matthijnssens, J.. University of Leuven. Rega Institute for Medical Research; BélgicaFil: Louge Uriarte, Enrique Leopoldo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción y Sanidad Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Odeón, Anselmo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Área de Investigación en Producción y Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Bilbao, Gladys Noemí. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Parra, G. I.. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Parreño, Gladys Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Exploring the Multi-Target Performance of Mitochondriotropic Antioxidants against the Pivotal Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiological Hallmarks

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease featuring progressive and degenerative neurological impairments resulting in memory loss and cognitive decline. The specific mechanisms underlying AD are still poorly understood, but it is suggested that a deficiency in the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the deposition of insoluble aggregates of fibrillar β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42), and iron and glutamate accumulation play an important role in the disease progress. Despite the existence of approved cholinergic drugs, none of them demonstrated effectiveness in modifying disease progression. Accordingly, the development of new chemical entities acting on more than one target is attracting progressively more attention as they can tackle intricate network targets and modulate their effects. Within this endeavor, a series of mitochondriotropic antioxidants inspired on hydroxycinnamic (HCA’s) scaffold were synthesized, screened toward cholinesterases and evaluated as neuroprotectors in a differentiated human SH-SY5Y cell line. From the series, compounds 7 and 11 with a 10-carbon chain can be viewed as multi-target leads for the treatment of AD, as they act as dual and bifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors and prevent the neuronal damage caused by diverse aggressors related to protein misfolding and aggregation, iron accumulation and excitotoxicityThis work was funded by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme Competitiveness Factors-COMPETE and national funds by FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology under research grants (UID/QUI/00081, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000028, PTDC/DTP-FTO/2433/2014, PTDC/BIA-MOL/28607/2017, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028607). S. Benfeito and C. Fernandes grants are supported by FCT, POPH and QREN. The authors also thank the COST action CA15135 for supportS

Impact of Colonizer Copepods on Zooplankton Structure and Diversity in Contrasting Estuaries

The impact of the occurrence of the non-indigenous species (NIS) Acartia tonsa, Oithona davisae, and Pseudodiaptomus marinus and of the range-expanding copepods Acartia bifilosa and Calanipeda aquaedulcis on the structure and diversity of zooplankton communities was analyzed using 18 years (1998-2015) time series from the contrasting estuaries of Bilbao and Urdaibai (Basque coast, Bay of Biscay). Changes in the structure of communities were assessed by using multivariate analyses of taxa abundances and changes in diversity by using descriptors of alpha, beta, and gamma diversity. The most evident changes occurred at the upper reaches of the estuary of Bilbao, where an abundant and less diverse brackish community, dominated by the NIS, A. tonsa and O. davisae, succeeded a low abundance and more diverse community of neritic origin. The later establishment of C. aquaedulcis was linked to further changes in the structure of the community and a progressive increase in diversity. The seasonal pattern of diversity at the inner estuary and the beta diversity in the estuary were also significantly affected by the arrival of the NIS and C. aquaedulcis. In contrast, the original low diversity brackish community of the estuary of Urdaibai, clearly dominated by A. bifilosa, was far less affected by the arrival of the same copepod NIS, and A. bifilosa remained as the species best related to the changes in zooplankton structure and diversity in the brackish habitats of the estuary.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (UPV/EHU, GIU19/059) and the Basque Government (PIBA2020-1-0028 & IT1723-22) and through a grant to Z. Barroeta to carry out her PhD (UPV/EHUn Ikertzaileak Prestatzeko Kontratazio Deialdia 2016)

Microservices and Machine Learning Algorithms for Adaptive Green Buildings

In recent years, the use of services for Open Systems development has consolidated and strengthened. Advances in the Service Science and Engineering (SSE) community, promoted by the reinforcement of Web Services and Semantic Web technologies and the presence of new Cloud computing techniques, such as the proliferation of microservices solutions, have allowed software architects to experiment and develop new ways of building open and adaptable computer systems at runtime. Home automation, intelligent buildings, robotics, graphical user interfaces are some of the social atmosphere environments suitable in which to apply certain innovative trends. This paper presents a schema for the adaptation of Dynamic Computer Systems (DCS) using interdisciplinary techniques on model-driven engineering, service engineering and soft computing. The proposal manages an orchestrated microservices schema for adapting component-based software architectural systems at runtime. This schema has been developed as a three-layer adaptive transformation process that is supported on a rule-based decision-making service implemented by means of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The experimental development was implemented in the Solar Energy Research Center (CIESOL) applying the proposed microservices schema for adapting home architectural atmosphere systems on Green Buildings

Factores de discriminación y tasas de renovación isotópica de nitrógeno en larvas de atún rojo de cultivo (Thunnus thynnus): efectos de la transferencia materna

The use of stable isotope analysis to study animal diets requires estimates of isotopic turnover rates (half time, t50) and discrimination factors (Δ) for an accurate interpretation of trophic patterns. The stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were analysed for eggs and reared larvae of Thunnus thynnus, as well as for the different diets supplied during the experiment. The results showed high values of δ15N in eggs and larvae (n=646) until 4 DAH. After this time lapse, the stable isotope values declined progressively until 12 DAH, when notochord flexion began. The δ13C showed an inverse trend, suggesting that maternal inheritance of the stable isotopes is evident until pre-flexion stages. This study proposes a model for estimating maternal isotopic signatures of bluefin broodstock. After notochord flexion, larvae were fed with aquaculture-bred gilthead seabream, which resulted in a rapid increase of bluefin larvae δ15N values together with a rapid decrease in δ13C values. The estimated nitrogen half-time to reach the steady state from the diet was 2.5±0.3 days and the discrimination factor was 0.4±0.3(‰). These results represent the first data set that has allowed isotopic nitrogen turnover rates and discrimination factors of the larval stages of bluefin tuna to be estimated.El análisis de isótopos estables para estudiar la dieta de los animales requiere estimaciones de las tasas de rotación isotópicas (tiempo medio, t50) y factores de discriminación (Δ) para una correcta interpretación de los patrones tróficos. Los isótopos estables de carbono y nitrógeno se analizaron en los huevos y larvas criadas de Thunnus thynnus, así como para las diferentes dietas suministradas durante el experimento. Los resultados mostraron altos valores de δ15N en huevos y larvas (n=646) hasta cuatro días después de eclosionar. Después de este lapso de tiempo, los valores de los isótopos estables disminuyeron progresivamente hasta el día 12, cuando se inició la flexión de la notocorda. El δ13C mostró una tendencia inversa, lo que sugiere que la herencia materna de los isótopos estables es evidente en la etapa de pre-flexión. Este estudio propone un modelo para estimar las firmas isotópicas maternas de reproductores de atún rojo. Después de la flexión de la notocorda, las larvas se alimentaron con larvas recién eclosionadas de dorada, lo que dio lugar a un rápido aumento de los valores de δ15N en las larvas de atún rojo, junto con una rápida disminución del δ13C. El tiempo medio de nitrógeno para alcanzar el equilibrio con la dieta fue de 2,5±0,3 días y el factor de discriminación fue de 0,4±0,3(‰). Estos resultados representan el primer conjunto de datos que permitió la estimación de la tasa de renovación isotópica de nitrógeno y de los factores de discriminación en los estadios larvales de atún rojo

Relación entre el biotipofacial y el ángulo de la profundidad facial en pacientes atendidos en la clínica de la especialidad de ortodoncia de la facultad de odontología UNAP 2017

El propósito del estudio fue determinar la relación entre el biotipofacial y el ángulo de la profuundidad facial en pacientes atendidos en la clinica de la especialidad de ortodoncia de la facultad de odontologia UNAP 2017. El tipo de estudio fue cuantitativo, el diseño fue correlacional, transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 36 pacientes. Los resultados fueron: El 61% de los pacientes tuvieron un índice facial de 80° a 85° (Europrosópico = Braquifacial); el 33% de ellos de 85° a 90° (Mesoprosópico = Mesofacial) y el 5,6% de ellos de 90° a 95° (Leptoprosópico = Dolicofacial). El promedio de edad fue de 17.31 años, del índice facial fue 83.66 y de la profundidad facial fue 84.29. No existe relación significativa entre el índice facial y la profundidad facial (p=0.175). No existe relación significativa entre el índice facial y el sexo (p=0.099). No existe relación significativa entre el índice facial y la edad (p=0.135). No existe relación significativa entre la profundidad facial y el sexo (p=0.838). No existe relación significativa entre la profundidad facial y la edad (p=0.471).The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the biotipofacial and the angle of facial profundity in patients treated at the orthodontic specialty clinic of the UNAP 2017 dentistry faculty. The type of study was quantitative, the design was correlational, transversal . The sample consisted of 36 patients. The results were: 61% of the patients had a facial index of 80 ° to 85 ° (Europrosopic = Brachifacial); 33% of them from 85 ° to 90 ° (Mesoprosopic = Mesofacial) and 5.6% of them from 90 ° to 95 ° (Leptoprosopic = Dolicofacial). The average age was 17.31 years, the facial index was 83.66 and the facial depth was 84.29. There is no significant relationship between facial index and facial depth (p = 0.175). There is no significant relationship between the facial index and sex (p = 0.099). There is no significant relationship between the facial index and age (p = 0.135). There is no significant relationship between facial depth and sex (p = 0.838). There is no significant relationship between facial depth and age (p = 0.471).Tesis de segunda especialida

Response of native and non-indigenous zooplankton to inherent system features and management in two Basque estuaries: A niche decomposition approach

The realized ecological niches of native zooplankton and non-indigenous species (NIS) were analysed in the contrasting estuaries of Bilbao and Urdaibai from 1998 to 2015 in order to study their responses to the particular features of each estuary and the biotic and abiotic changes along the study period. The marginality and tolerance of zooplankton taxa was estimated for the two estuaries together using the OMI analysis, whilst, by means of the WitOMI analysis, niches were differentiated into spatial subniches to assess the differences between estuaries and into temporal subniches to determine the variations in time within each estuary. The changes in the niche overlap of the main native and NIS species were calculated with the D-metric. Results showed that the combined effect of salinity gradients and seasonal variations, linked to temperature, defined the main spatio-temporal niches of zooplankton taxa in the overall environmental scenario of both estuaries. Thus, those factors separated winter-spring neritic, summer-autumn neritic, warm water affinity brackish and limnetic species. Secondarily, river discharge and hydrological stability accounted for the higher presence of freshwater and some brackish species in the estuary of Bilbao and tychoplanktonic organisms in the estuary of Urdaibai. At the regional scale the marginality and tolerance of zooplankton taxa reflected a combination of spatial and seasonal niche breadth and difference of abundance between estuaries. The number of taxa with niches not clearly explained by the environmental variables studied was higher in the estuary of Urdaibai, whilst the new arriving species occupied realized niches well defined by the environmental variables and overall zooplankton taxa showed a better discrimination from generalist to specialist behaviours in the estuary of Bilbao. This was related to inherent abiotic and biotic features of each estuary, which make the estuary of Urdaibai more refractory to the settlement of NIS species. Moreover, in the estuary of Bilbao, several neritic and brackish species experienced temporal changes in niche breadth and overlap that was attributed both to the environmental improvement related to rehabilitation plans in the system and the impact of the species that arrived during the study period. In the estuary of Urdaibai only small changes attributable to the limited impact of NIS were inferred, since no meaningful changes in environmental conditions were perceived.This work was supported by the University of the Basque Country through research funds to Consolidated Research Groups (GIU16/69) and through a grant to Z. Barroeta. The authors thank the WGEUROBUS of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) for facilitating research on P. marinus