Computing confidence Values: does trust dynamics matter?

Computing Confidence Values: Does Trust Dynamics Matter?Em um Sistema Multi-agente, a selecção de outros agentes para trabalho conjunto depende da eventual confiança que é esperada existir no desempenho desses outros.Propomos uma forma de agregar indícios para computar correctamente uma função cujo resultado seja um valor de confiançaComputational Trust and Reputation (CTR) systems are platforms capable of collecting trust information about candidate partners and of computing confidence scores for each one of these partners. These systems start to be viewed as vital elements in environments of electronic institutions, as they support fundamental decision making processes, such as the selection of business partners and the automatic and adaptive creation of contractual terms and associated enforcement methodologies. In this article, we propose a model for the aggregation of trust evidences that computes confidence scores taking into account dynamic properties of trust. We compare our model with a traditional statistical model that uses weighted means to compute trust, and show experimental results that show that in certain scenarios the consideration of the trust dynamics allows for a better estimation of confidence scores

Inconsistency Detection in Job Postings

The use of AI in recruitment is growing and there is AI software that reads jobs\u27 descriptions in order to select the best candidates for these jobs. However, it is not uncommon for these descriptions to contain inconsistencies such as contradictions and ambiguities, which confuses job candidates and fools the AI algorithm. In this paper, we present a model based on natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and rules to detect these inconsistencies in the description of language requirements and to alert the recruiter to them, before the job posting is published. We show that the use of an hybrid model based on ML techniques and a set of domain-specific rules to extract the language details from sentences achieves high performance in the detection of inconsistencies

Trust and Normative Control in Multi-Agent Systems

Despite relevant insights from socio-economics, little research in multi-agentsystems has addressed the interconnections between trust and normative notionssuch as contracts and sanctions. Focusing our attention on scenarios of betrayal,in this paper we combine the use of trust and sanctions in a negotiation process.We describe a scenario of dyadic relationships between truster agents,which make use of trust and/or sanctions, and trustee agents, characterized bytheir ability and integrity, which may influence their attitude toward betrayal.Both agent behavior models are inspired in socio-economics literature. Throughsimulation, we show the virtues and shortcomings of using trust, sanctions, anda combination of both in processes of selection of partners

Introdução

UID/HIS/00749/2013 UID/PAM/00417/2013 SFRH/BPD/108670/2015publishersversionpublishe

Making electronic contracting operational and trustworthy

An Electronic Institution includes a normative environment with rules and norms for agents' interoperability, and is also a service providing platform that assists agents in the task of establishing and conducting normative relationships (contracts). Using this platform, agents representing organizations willing to engage in a collective contractual activity select partners according to different factors, including their capabilities, current business needs and information on past business experiences that may be used as inputs to trust building. In our framework we have designed a tightly coupled connection between electronic contract monitoring and a computational trust model. In this paper, we explain the rationale behind this connection and detail how it is materialized. In particular, we explain how our situation-aware trust model relies on past contractual behavior to dynamically build up a trustworthiness image of each agent that can be helpful for future encounters. Experiments with simplified scenarios show the effectiveness of our approach

Comparison of 5 acute pulmonary embolism mortality risk scores in patients with COVID-19

© The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Objective: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to explore the short-term outcomes among patients with acute PE and COVID-19 and to further determine and compare the performance of the different prognostic scores (PESI, sPESI, BOVA, FAST and ESC scores) for risk-stratification in this scenario. Methods: Retrospective single-centre study of 85 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and PE admitted to the Emergency Department (ED). The diagnostic accuracy of each above-mentioned prognostic score was calculated post hoc, and their discriminative power was evaluated through an AUC curve. Results: Among the 85 patients, all-cause death occurred within 7 days for 6 patients (7.1%) and within 30 days for 14 patients (16.5%). Despite being older and having a higher percentage of altered mental status on presentation, non-survivors patients did not differ from survivors regarding comorbidities, traditional risk factors for venous thromboembolism and signs and symptoms at the ED presentation.Each risk stratification tool had modest discriminative power for 7-day mortality (AUC range, 0.601-0.730) with slightly lower discrimination for 30-day mortality (AUC range, 0.543-0.638). The pair-wise comparison of ROC curves showed that PESI had better predictive value for short-term mortality than ESC score (z test = 3.92, p = 0.001) and sPESI (z test = 2.43, p = 0.015); there is no significant difference between PESI and BOVA score (z test = 1.05, p = 0.295) and FAST score (z test = 0.986, p = 0.324). Conclusion: The most common risk-stratification tools for PE had modest discriminative power to predict short-term mortality in patients with acute PE and COVID-19.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Review of Commercial and Medical-Grade Physiological Monitoring Devices for Biofeedback-Assisted Quality of Life Improvement Studies

With the rise in wearable technology and "health culture", we are seeing an increasing interest and affordances in studying how to not only prolong life expectancy but also in how to improve individuals' quality of life. On the one hand, this attempts to give meaning to the increasing life expectancy, as living above a certain threshold of pain and lack of autonomy or mobility is both degrading and unfair. On the other hand, it lowers the cost of continuous care, as individuals with high quality of life indexes tend to have lower hospital readmissions or secondary complications, not to mention higher physical and mental health. In this paper, we evaluate the current state of the art in physiological therapy (biofeedback) along with the existing medical grade and consumer grade hardware for physiological research. We provide a quick primer on the most commonly monitored physiologic metrics, as well as a brief discussion on the current state of the art in biofeedback-assisted medical applications. We then go on to present a comparative analysis between medical and consumer grade biofeedback devices and discuss the hardware specifications and potential practical applications of each consumer grade device in terms of functionality and adaptability for controlled (laboratory) and uncontrolled (field) studies. We end this article with some empirical observations based on our study so that readers might use take them into consideration when arranging a laboratory or real-world experience, thus avoiding costly time delays and material expenditures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cardiac Amyloidosis Associated with Apolipoprotein A-IV Deposition Diagnosed by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis

Amyloidosis is a group of disorders characterised by the accumulation of extracellular deposits of insoluble protein aggregates. Clinical management depends on the accurate identification of the amyloid precursor and underlying cause. We describe a rare case of apolipoprotein A-IV cardiac amyloidosis, the diagnosis of which required mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis