Institutional conditions and social innovations in emerging economies: insights from Mexican enterprises’ initiatives for protecting/preventing the effect of violent events

Latin-American countries are characterised by societal problems like violence, crime, corruption, the informality that influence any entrepreneurial activity developed by individuals/organisations. Social innovations literature confront “wicked problems” with strong interdependencies among different systems/actors. Yet, little is known about how firms use innovation to hedge against economic, political or societal uncertainties (i.e., violence, social movements, democratisation, pandemic). By translating social innovation and institutional theory approaches, this study analyses the influence of formal institutions (government programs and actions) and informal institutions (corruption, extortion and informal trade) on the development/implementation of enterprises’ technological initiatives for protecting/preventing of victimisation. By using data from 5525 establishments interviewed in the 2012/2014 National Victimisation Survey of the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), our findings shows that formal conditions (government programs) and informal conditions (corruption, extortion and informal trade) are associated with an increment in the number of enterprises’ social innovations. Our findings also contribute to the debate about institutional conditions, social innovations, and the role of ecosystems’ actors in developing economies. A provoking discussion and implications for researchers, managers and policymakers emerge from this study

Composite Dark Matter and LHC Interplay

The actual realization of the electroweak symmetry breaking in the context of a natural extension of the Standard Model (SM) and the nature of Dark Matter (DM) are two of the most compelling questions in high-energy particle physics. Composite Higgs models may provide a unified picture in which both the Higgs boson and the DM particle arise as pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons of a spontaneously broken global symmetry at a scale $f\sim$ TeV. In this paper we analyze a general class of these models based on the coset SO(6)/SO(5). Assuming the existence of light and weakly coupled spin-1 and spin-1/2 resonances which mix linearly with the elementary SM particles, we are able to compute the effective potential of the theory by means of some generalized Weinberg sum rules. The properties of the Higgs boson, DM, top quark and the above resonances are thus calculable and tightly connected. We perform a wide phenomenological analysis, considering both collider physics at the LHC and astrophysical observables. We find that these models are tightly constrained by present experimental data, which are able to completely exclude the most natural setup with $f\simeq 800$ GeV. Upon increasing the value of $f$, an allowed region appears. In particular for $f\simeq 1.1$ TeV we find a concrete realization that predicts $m_{DM}\simeq 200$ GeV for the DM mass. This DM candidate lies close to the present sensitivity of direct detection experiments and will be ruled out - or discovered - in the near future.Comment: 36 pages + 2 appendices, 9 figure

Entrepreneurial university ecosystems and graduates' career patterns: do entrepreneurship education programmes and university business incubators matter?

Purpose This paper provides insights about how graduates' career patterns (i.e. academic entrepreneur, self-employed or paid employed) are influenced by entrepreneurial university ecosystems (i.e. incubators and entrepreneurship education programs). Design/methodology/approach By adopting Douglas and Shepherd's utility-maximising function, the influence of one entrepreneurial university ecosystem on graduates' career choices was tested using a sample of 11,512 graduates from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM) in Mexico. Findings Our results show the critical role of entrepreneurial universities ecosystems in facilitating employability options as academic entrepreneurship for ITESM's graduates. The study shows some insights about how graduates' risk aversion and work effort are positively influenced by the university business incubator and entrepreneurship education programs, respectively. Practical implications Diverse implications for stakeholders have emerged from our results. These implications are associated with potential benefits of implementing programmes oriented to engage academic entrepreneurship within Latin American universities. Originality/value Entrepreneurial universities provide a range of employability alternatives for their students, such as to be self-employed, academic entrepreneurs or paid employees. In this scenario, entrepreneurial universities have configured entrepreneurial ecosystems (educational programmes, business incubators and other infrastructures) to support potential entrepreneurs (students, academics, staff and alumni). Despite the relevance of the environmental conditions on individuals' occupational choices, few studies have explored the role of the entrepreneurial university ecosystems on graduates' employability. In this vein, our study contributes to some academic discussions: (1) the role of context on career choice models (Ilouga et al., 2014; Sieger and Monsen, 2015), (2) the role of incubators and entrepreneurship education on fostering academic entrepreneurship on the graduates' community (Nabi et al., 2017; Good et al., 2019; Guerrero and Urbano, 2019a) and (3) the effectiveness of the entrepreneurial university ecosystems on graduates' employability (Herrera et al., 2018; Wright et al., 2017)

Do employees’ generational cohorts influence corporate venturing? A multilevel analysis

Organizations are facing an interesting phenomenon in the composition of theirworkforce: the concurrence of multiple age generations that demand suitablestrategies regarding work design, job satisfaction, and incentives. Ongoingentrepreneurship and strategic management debates require a betterunderstanding of the relationship between workplace generational cohorts’configurations and organizational performance. We propose a conceptual modelfor understanding how a diversified workforce influences some determinants(i.e., employees’ human capital and attitudes, organizational climate, andenvironmental conditions) of entrepreneurial organizations’ outcomes (i.e.,corporate venturing). Our framework offers insights into corporate venturingdeterminants for three generational cohorts: Baby Boomers, Generation X, andGeneration Y. Using a sample of 20,256 employees across 28 countries, ourfindings lend support to the positive effect of individual and organizationaldeterminants on corporate venturing, as well as how these effects are reinforcedper generational cohort. Specifically, our results show that younger generations(millennials) have more propensity to be involved in corporate venturingactivities. This study also contributes to thought-provoking implications forentrepreneurial organizational leaders who manage employees from differentgenerations

Environmental factors and social entrepreneurship

Social entrepreneurship has been a subject of growing interest by academics and governments, however little still being known about environmental factors that affect this phenomenon. The main objective of this study is to analyze how these factors affect social entrepreneurial activity, in the light of the institutional economic theory as the conceptual framework. Using linear regression analysis for a sample of 49 countries, is studied the impact of informal institutions (social needs, societal attitudes and education) and formal institutions (public spending, access to finance and governance effectiveness) on social entrepreneurial activity. The findings suggest that while societal attitudes increase the rates of social entrepreneurship, public spending has a negative relationship with this phenomenon. Finally, the empirical evidence found could be useful for the definition of government policies on promoting social entrepreneurship

Característiques de les universitats espanyoles emprenedores

Les societats emprenedores es caracteritzen per considerar l'emprenedoria i el coneixement com a forces impulsores del creixement econòmic, la creació d'ocupació i la competitivitat en els mercats globals. Per aquest motiu, tots els agents, (tan públics com privats), participen activament en l'impuls i implementació de polítiques entorn la innovació i la indústria, generant tecnologia i transferència tecnològica. És en aquest context, en què la universitat té un paper molt important en ser una organització productora i generadora de coneixement que pot ser transferit mitjançant el desenvolupament de diverses activitats emprenedores.Las sociedades emprendedoras se caracterizan por considerar el emprendimiento y el conocimiento como fuerzas impulsoras del crecimiento económico, la creación de empleo y la competitividad en los mercados globales. De ahí que todos los agentes, (tanto públicos como privados), participen activamente en el impulso e implementación de políticas en torno a la innovación y la industria, generando tecnología y transferencia tecnológica. Es en este contexto, en el que la universidad desempeña un papel muy importante al ser una organización productora y generadora de conocimiento que puede ser transferido mediante el desarrollo de diversas actividades emprendedoras

Transferencia de conocimiento y tecnología Mejores prácticas en las universidades emprendedoras españolas

Entrepreneurial society refers to places where knowledge-based entrepreneurship has emerged as a driving force for economic growth, employment creation and competitiveness in global markets. All spheres (public, private and academic) have formerly been operated interwoven with a spiral pattern of linkages emerging at various stages of the innovation and industrial policy-making processes, generating knowledge and technology transfer. Therefore, the entrepreneurial university plays an important role as a knowledge producer and disseminating organization. Entrepreneurial universities are involved in partnerships, networks and other relationships with public and private organizations that are an umbrella for the development and growth of the national innovation system. The main purpose of this research is to identify the best practices for knowledge and technology transfer implemented by Spanish entrepreneurial universities. To fulfill this objective, an institutional perspective is adopted and case study approach is used

El desenvolupament d'una universitat emprenedora

Avui dia, és àmpliament reconeguda la contribució del coneixement i l'emprenedoria en el desenvolupament econòmic i social de qualsevol regió. Sens dubte, en aquest context, les universitats emprenedores juguen un paper molt important, ja que són una àrea fèrtil per a la generació de coneixement i idees innovadores que poden ser disseminades a la societat a través de diverses iniciatives emprenedores. No obstant això, la interrelació i influència entre diversos factors que puguin condicionar el seu desenvolupament ha estat poc explorada. Per això, que aquest article tracta de contribuir a una millor comprensió dels factors de l'entorn i interns que condicionen el desenvolupament d'universitats emprenedores.Hoy en día, es ampliamente reconocida la contribución del conocimiento y emprendimiento en el desarrollo económico y social de cualquier región. Sin duda, en este contexto, las universidades emprendedoras juegan un papel muy importante; ya que son un área fértil para la generación de conocimiento e ideas innovadoras que pueden ser diseminadas a la sociedad a través de diversas iniciativas emprendedoras. Sin embargo, la interrelación e influencia entre diversos factores que pudieran condicionar su desarrollo ha sido poco explorada. De ahí, que este artículo trate de contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de los factores del entorno e internos que condicionan el desarrollo de universidades emprendedoras

The Semantic Web MIDI Tape: An Interface for Interlinking MIDI and Context Metadata

The Linked Data paradigm has been used to publish a large number of musical datasets and ontologies on the Semantic Web, such as MusicBrainz, AcousticBrainz, and the Music Ontology. Recently, the MIDI Linked Data Cloud has been added to these datasets, representing more than 300,000 pieces in MIDI format as Linked Data, opening up the possibility for linking fine-grained symbolic music representations to existing music metadata databases. Despite the dataset making MIDI resources available in Web data standard formats such as RDF and SPARQL, the important issue of finding meaningful links between these MIDI resources and relevant contextual metadata in other datasets remains. A fundamental barrier for the provision and generation of such links is the difficulty that users have at adding new MIDI performance data and metadata to the platform. In this paper, we propose the Semantic Web MIDI Tape, a set of tools and associated interface for interacting with the MIDI Linked Data Cloud by enabling users to record, enrich, and retrieve MIDI performance data and related metadata in native Web data standards. The goal of such interactions is to find meaningful links between published MIDI resources and their relevant contextual metadata. We evaluate the Semantic Web MIDI Tape in various use cases involving user-contributed content, MIDI similarity querying, and entity recognition methods, and discuss their potential for finding links between MIDI resources and metadata